salt-ssh与ssh的区别
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参考技术A SaltSSH是SaltStack的系统管理工具，旨在使远程系统管理更容易。与SSH相比，SaltSSH可以支持高性能和高可用性服务器集群，并可以精确控制每台服务器的脚本和任务执行。SaltStack之salt-ssh
SaltStack之salt-ssh
文章目录
salt-ssh介绍
salt-ssh可以让我们不需要在受控机上安装salt-minion客户端也能够实现管理操作。
salt-ssh的特点
- 远程系统需要Python支持，除非使用-r选项发送原始ssh命令
- salt-ssh是一个软件包，需安装之后才能使用，命令本身也是salt-ssh
- salt-ssh不会取代标准的Salt通信系统，它只是提供了一个基于SSH的替代方案，不需要ZeroMQ和agent
请注意，由于所有与Salt SSH的通信都是通过SSH执行的，因此它比使用ZeroMQ的标准Salt慢得多
salt-ssh远程管理的方式
salt-ssh有两种方式实现远程管理，一种是在配置文件中记录所有客户端的信息，诸如 IP 地址、端口号、用户名、密码以及是否支持sudo等；另一种是使用密钥实现远程管理，不需要输入密码。
salt-ssh管理
在 master 上安装 salt-ssh
[root@master ~]# yum -y install salt-ssh
通过使用用户名密码的SSH实现远程管理
修改配置文件，添加受控机信息
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/salt/roster
....此处省略N行
mysql:
host: 192.168.96.134
user: root
passwd: 123456
第一次访问时需要输入 yes/no ，但是 saltstack 是不支持交互式操作的，所以为了解决这个问题，我们需要对其进行设置，让系统不进行主机验证。
[root@master ~]# vim ~/.ssh/config
StrictHostKeyChecking no
测试连通性
[root@master ~]# salt-ssh '*' -r 'dnf -y install python3'
mysql:
----------
retcode:
None
stderr:
stdout:
root@192.168.96.134's password:
Last metadata expiration check: 2:11:04 ago on Thu 08 Jul 2021 09:41:45 PM CST.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repo Size
================================================================================
Installing:
python36 x86_64 3.6.8-37.module_el8.5.0+771+e5d9a225 appstream 19 k
Installing dependencies:
python3-pip noarch 9.0.3-19.el8 appstream 20 k
python3-setuptools noarch 39.2.0-6.el8 baseos 163 k
Enabling module streams:
python36 3.6
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install 3 Packages
Total download size: 201 k
Installed size: 466 k
Downloading Packages:
(1/3): python3-setuptools-39.2.0-6.el8.noarch.r 998 kB/s | 163 kB 00:00
(2/3): python3-pip-9.0.3-19.el8.noarch.rpm 107 kB/s | 20 kB 00:00
(3/3): python36-3.6.8-37.module_el8.5.0+771+e5d 104 kB/s | 19 kB 00:00
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 49 kB/s | 201 kB 00:04
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Installing : python3-setuptools-39.2.0-6.el8.noarch 1/3
Installing : python36-3.6.8-37.module_el8.5.0+771+e5d9a225.x86_64 2/3
Running scriptlet: python36-3.6.8-37.module_el8.5.0+771+e5d9a225.x86_64 2/3
Installing : python3-pip-9.0.3-19.el8.noarch 3/3
Running scriptlet: python3-pip-9.0.3-19.el8.noarch 3/3
Verifying : python3-pip-9.0.3-19.el8.noarch 1/3
Verifying : python36-3.6.8-37.module_el8.5.0+771+e5d9a225.x86_64 2/3
Verifying : python3-setuptools-39.2.0-6.el8.noarch 3/3
Installed:
python3-pip-9.0.3-19.el8.noarch
python3-setuptools-39.2.0-6.el8.noarch
python36-3.6.8-37.module_el8.5.0+771+e5d9a225.x86_64
Complete!
[root@master ~]# salt-ssh '*' test.ping
mysql:
True
通过salt-ssh初始化系统安装salt-minion
执行状态命令，初始化系统，安装salt-minion
[root@master ~]# mkdir -p /srv/salt/base/repo,files
[root@master ~]# cp /etc/yum.repos.d/salt.repo /srv/salt/base/repo/salt.repo
[root@master ~]# cp /etc/salt/minion /srv/salt/base/files/
[root@master ~]# vim /srv/salt/base/repo.sls
salt_repo:
file.managed:
- name: /etc/yum.repos.d/salt.repo
- source: salt://repo/salt.repo
- user: root
- group: root
- mode: 0644
[root@master ~]# vim /srv/salt/base/minion.sls
minion_install:
pkg.installed:
- name: salt-minion
minion_conf:
file.managed:
- name: /etc/salt/minion
- source: salt://files/minion
- user: root
- group: root
- mode: 644
- template: jinja
- default:
ID: grains['ipv4'] [1]
- require:
- pkg: minion_install
minion_service:
service.running:
- name: salt-minion
- enable: True
- start: True
- watch:
- file: /etc/salt/minion
[root@master ~]# salt-ssh '*' state.sls repo
mysql:
----------
ID: salt_repo
Function: file.managed
Name: /etc/yum.repos.d/salt.repo
Result: True
Comment: File /etc/yum.repos.d/salt.repo updated
Started: 00:06:09.512910
Duration: 41.975 ms
Changes:
----------
diff:
New file
mode:
0644
Summary for mysql
------------
Succeeded: 1 (changed=1)
Failed: 0
------------
Total states run: 1
Total run time: 41.975 ms
[root@master ~]# salt-ssh '*' state.sls minion
mysql:
----------
ID: minion_install
Function: pkg.installed
Name: salt-minion
Result: True
Comment: The following packages were installed/updated: salt-minion
Started: 00:06:39.755567
Duration: 89302.759 ms
Changes:
----------
gpg-pubkey.(none):
----------
new:
8483c65d-5ccc5b19,de57bfbe-53a9be98
old:
8483c65d-5ccc5b19
libsodium:
----------
new:
1.0.18-2.el8
old:
libunwind:
----------
new:
1.3.1-3.el8
old:
openpgm:
----------
new:
5.2.122-21.el8
old:
python3-babel:
----------
new:
2.5.1-6.el8
old:
python3-chardet:
----------
new:
3.0.4-7.el8
old:
python3-contextvars:
----------
new:
2.4-1.el8
old:
python3-distro:
----------
new:
1.4.0-2.module_el8.5.0+761+faacb0fb
old:
python3-idna:
----------
new:
2.5-5.el8
old:
python3-immutables:
----------
new:
0.15-2.el8
old:
python3-jinja2:
----------
new:
2.10.1-3.el8
old:
python3-m2crypto:
----------
new:
0.35.2-5.el8
old:
python3-markupsafe:
----------
new:
0.23-19.el8
old:
python3-msgpack:
----------
new:
0.6.2-1.el8
old:
python3-psutil:
----------
new:
5.4.3-10.el8
old:
python3-pycurl:
----------
new:
7.43.0.2-4.el8
old:
python3-pysocks:
----------
new:
1.6.8-3.el8
old:
python3-pytz:
----------
new:
2017.2-9.el8
old:
python3-pyyaml:
----------
new:
3.12-12.el8
old:
python3-requests:
----------
new:
2.20.0-2.1.el8_1
old:
python3-urllib3:
----------
new:
1.24.2-5.el8
old:
python3-zmq:
----------
new:
19.0.0-1.el8
old:
salt:
----------
new:
3003.1-1.el8
old:
salt-minion:
----------
new:
3003.1-1.el8
old:
yum-utils:
----------
new:
4.0.18-4.el8
old:
zeromq:
----------
new:
4.3.4-2.el8
old:
----------
ID: minion_conf
Function: file.managed
Name: /etc/salt/minion
Result: True
Comment: File /etc/salt/minion updated
Started: 00:08:09.066091
Duration: 99.455 ms
Changes:
----------
diff:
---
+++
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
# Set the location of the salt master server. If the master server cannot be
# resolved, then the minion will fail to start.
#master: salt
-
+master: 192.168.96.129
# Set http proxy information for the minion when doing requests
#proxy_host:
#proxy_port:
mode:
0644
----------
ID: minion_service
Function: service.running
Name: salt-minion
Result: True
Comment: Service salt-minion has been enabled, and is running
Started: 00:08:09.191625
Duration: 912.338 ms
Changes:
----------
salt-minion:
True
Summary for mysql
------------
Succeeded: 3 (changed=3)
Failed: 0
------------
Total states run: 3
Total run time: 90.315 s
测试
[root@master base]# salt-key -L
Accepted Keys:
minion1
Denied Keys:
Unaccepted Keys:
master
mysql
Rejected Keys:
[root@master base]# salt-key -ya mysql
The following keys are going to be accepted:
Unaccepted Keys:
mysql
Key for minion mysql accepted.
[root@master base]# salt '*' test.ping
mysql:
True
minion1:
True
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