LNMP环境搭建教程及linux常用命令及问题
Posted 年华流失
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目录
1. 常用命令
gedit index.php 编辑文件
grep -Rn "^listen" `find / -name www.conf` //find查找的文件,再用grep搜索
grep -Rn "^listen.*sock" `find / -name www.conf`
1.使用YUM查找软件包
命令：yum search
2.列出所有可安装的软件包
命令：yum list
3.列出所有可更新的软件包
命令：yum list updates
4.列出所有已安装的软件包
命令：yum list installed
5.列出所有已安装但不在 Yum Repository 内的软件包
命令：yum list extras
6.列出所指定的软件包
命令：yum list
7.使用YUM获取软件包信息
命令：yum info
8.列出所有软件包的信息
命令：yum info
9.列出所有可更新的软件包信息
命令：yum info updates
10.列出所有已安装的软件包信息
命令：yum info installed
11.列出所有已安装但不在 Yum Repository 内的软件包信息
命令：yum info extras
12.列出软件包提供哪些文件
命令：yum provides
1. 查看ip
ifconfig -a
hostname -I
2. 查看yum仓库
yum repolist
3. 以某个yum源安装
yum install --enablerepo=epel
4.yum基本命令
1.使用YUM查找软件包
命令：yum search
2.列出所有可安装的软件包
命令：yum list
3.列出所有可更新的软件包
命令：yum list updates
4.列出所有已安装的软件包
命令：yum list installed
5.列出所有已安装但不在 Yum Repository 内的软件包
命令：yum list extras
6.使用YUM获取软件包信息
命令：yum info
7.列出所有可更新的软件包信息
命令：yum info updates
8.列出所有已安装的软件包信息
命令：yum info installed
9.列出所有已安装但不在 Yum Repository 内的软件包信息
命令：yum info extras
10.列出软件包提供哪些文件
命令：yum provides
5.安装remi和epel源
安装remi源
cd /etc/yum.repos.d
wget http://rpms.remirepo.net/enterprise/remi-release-8.rpm
yum localinstall remi-release-8.rpm
安装epel源
yum -y install epel-release
查看仓库
yum repolist
当前仓库搜索
yum list --enablerepo=remi-safe | grep php74
清理缓存并生成新的缓存。把软件包信息下载到本地
yum clean all
yum -y makecache
6. root方式直接登录系统
vi /etc/gdm/custom.conf
在[daemon]下增加
AutomaticLoginEnable=True
AutomaticLogin=root
7. 防火墙
firewalld ,端口开启后,记得重启
firewall-cmd --reload //重启防火墙
开启,重启,关闭
systemctl start firewalld
systemctl status firewalld
systemctl stop firewalld
查看端口是否开放
firewall-cmd --query-port=80/tcp
开放80端口(-----记得重启防火墙生效-----)
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=80/tcp
移除端口
firewall-cmd --permanent --remove-port=8080/tcp
重启防火墙(修改配置后要重启防火墙)
firewall-cmd --reload
查看所有永久开放的端口（默认为空）
# firewall-cmd --list-ports --permanent
参数解释
1、firwall-cmd：是Linux提供的操作firewall的一个工具；
2、--permanent：表示设置为持久；
3、--add-port：标识添加的端口
iptables
systemctl enable iptables #注册iptables服务 相当于以前的chkconfig iptables on
systemctl start iptables #开启服务
systemctl status iptables #查看状态
iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT #允许来自于lo接口的数据包(本地访问)
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT #开放22端口
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 21 -j ACCEPT #开放21端口(FTP)
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT #开放80端口(HTTP)
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT #开放443端口(HTTPS)
iptables -A INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type 8 -j ACCEPT #允许ping
8. 服务目录
我们常用的systemctl restart nginx 可启动 脚本/etc/init.d/nginx
/etc/init.d是指向/etc/rc.d/init.d的软连接
9. 服务
这是nginx.service目录的文件
[Unit]
Description=The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
After=network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target
[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/run/nginx.pid
# Nginx will fail to start if /run/nginx.pid already exists but has the wrong
# SELinux context. This might happen when running `nginx -t` from the cmdline.
# https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1268621
ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/rm -f /run/nginx.pid #启动服务之前执行的命令
ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t #启动服务之前执行的命令
ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx # 启动
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID #重启
KillSignal=SIGQUIT
TimeoutStopSec=5
KillMode=mixed
PrivateTmp=true
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
2. 环境搭建
-
nginx配置文件,nginx.conf
-
php 配置 www.conf
-
mysql配置my.cnf
用某个yum源安装
yum install mysql --enablerepo=epel
1 安装nginx
nginx的配置文件时httpd.conf
//安装
yum install nginx
//设置开机启动
systemctl enable nginx
//查看状态
systemctl status nginx
//启动
systemctl start nginx
//重启
systemctl restart nginx
nginx.conf配置
user root; # 这里修改root,修改为其他用户可能会因文件夹权限不足报错
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; #错误日志文件,当服务器启动不了,可以查看错误信息
pid /run/nginx.pid;
# Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/doc/nginx/README.dynamic.
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
log_format main \'$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" \'
\'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" \'
\'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"\';
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
types_hash_max_size 2048;
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
# Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.
# See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include
# for more information.
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
server {
listen 80 default_server;
listen [::]:80 default_server;
server_name localhost;
root /www;
index index.php index.html index.htm;
//允许请求头
# add_header \'Access-Control-Allow-Headers\' *;
# laravel 隐藏index.php
# location / {
# try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
# }
# Load configuration files for the default server block.
# include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf; # 注释这个,通过外部加载配置,在手动添加:::2
error_page 404 /404.html;
location = /40x.html {
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
}
# :::2
location ~ \\.php$ {
root /www;
fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php-fpm/www.sock; # sock方式
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;#这个可能不支持,用上面那个
include fastcgi_params;
}
}
# Settings for a TLS enabled server.
#
# server {
# listen 443 ssl http2 default_server;
# listen [::]:443 ssl http2 default_server;
# server_name _;
# root /usr/share/nginx/html;
#
# ssl_certificate "/etc/pki/nginx/server.crt";
# ssl_certificate_key "/etc/pki/nginx/private/server.key";
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 10m;
# ssl_ciphers PROFILE=SYSTEM;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
#
# # Load configuration files for the default server block.
# include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
#
# location / {
# }
#
# error_page 404 /404.html;
# location = /40x.html {
# }
#
# error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
# location = /50x.html {
# }
# }
}
让nginx支持put,patch,delete请求
//如果非文件就交给index.php处理
if (!-e $request_filename) {
rewrite ^/(.*)$ /index.php/$1;
}
//如果DELETE|PUT|PATCH方法就交给index.php处理
if ($request_method ~* "(DELETE|PUT|PATCH)") {
rewrite ^/(.*)$ /index.php/$1;
}
//所有url交给index.phpc
location / {
index index.php index.html index.htm;
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
}
安装apache
yum install httpd -y
systemctl enable httpd
重启一下,就ok了
配置文件,httpd.conf
配置文件目录 Document_Root
php需要设置成路径形式
2. php74安装
php重启
systemctl start php-fpm
仓库目录
/etc/yum.repos.d
//查看所有的仓库
yum repolist
安装
第一步:
yum install epel-release
https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm
第三步:安装php74
yum --enablerepo=remi install php74-php
//查找php.ini文件路径
1. whereis php.ini
2. php --ini
3. find / -name php.ini
安装php及扩展
yum -y --enablerepo=remi-safe install php74-php php74-php-gd php74-php-xml php74-php-sockets php74-php-session php74-php-snmp php74-php-mysql php74-php-phpiredis php74-php-pecl-redis5
重启
php74
systemctl restart php74-php-fpm
systemctl enable php74-php-fpm
#运行并查看版本
php74 -v
#重启命令php-fpm systemctl restart php74-php-fpm
#添加自动启动 systemctl enable php74-php-fpm
#查看php7.4的安装路径
whereis php #链接php文件 ln -s /opt/remi/php74/root/usr/bin/php /usr/bin/php
修改配置文件
php的配置文件是 www.conf
1.搜索listen
有两种方式,一种路径,一种通过端口
listen = 127.0.0.1:9000
listen = unix:/run/php-fpm/www.sock
配置nginx支持php
location ~ \\.php$ {
root /var/www; #指定php的根目录
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;#php-fpm的默认端口是9000
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
4.1、查看当前selinux的状态。
/usr/sbin/sestatus
4.2、将SELINUX=enforcing 修改为 SELINUX=disabled 状态。
vi /etc/selinux/config
#SELINUX=enforcing
SELINUX=disabled
重启生效。reboot。
#SELINUX=enforcing
SELINUX=disabled
也可以使用命令修改
sed -i \'s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/\' /etc/selinux/config
配置完成后,当代码有错误时,直接显示HTTP ERROR 500错误
不显示错误信息,可以在代码上加上这个,
获取
ini_set("display_errors","On");
修改为On即可
3. 配置nginx与php工作
1. 修改php配置文件
-
查看php的连接方式,ip端口还是,文件
-
php配置文件为www.conf
使用命令修改
显示php错误信息
sudo sed -i \'s/display_errors = .*/display_errors = On/\' `find / -name php.ini`
sudo sed -i \'s/;date.timezone.*/date.timezone = PRC/\' `find / -name php.ini`
sudo sed -i \'s/post_max_size = .*/post_max_size = 50M/\' `find / -name php.ini`
sudo sed -i \'s/listen =.*/listen = 127.0.0.1:9000/\' `find / -name www`
2. 修改nginx配置文件
如果遇到配置不成功,可以查看nginx错误文件
报错
-
启动nginx,报下面的错误
主配置文件第69行定义调用脚本文件路径：
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
而Nginx识别不到/scripts路径，所以phpinfo验证信息就无法正常通过，需要修改如下：
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
这个错误,还有一种可能,就是, /home/qin500 这个文件夹的权限不足
还可以将nginx.conf文件里面的user 修改为root,也可以解决
chown -R root:root qin500 更改文件夹权限
3. nginx报错403四种解决方案
is forbidden (13: Permission denied
- nginx.conf 里面的user是否为root
- root 文件夹是否具有权限
- 在nginx.conf server{ 添加 index index.php index.html index.htm; }
- 是否开启 SELinux
4. 安装mysql
1、先检查系统是否安装有mysql
[root@localhost ~] #yum list installed mysql*
[root@localhost ~] #rpm –qa|grep mysql*
2、查看有没有安装包
[root@localhost ~] #yum list mysql*
3、安装mysql客户端,服务端
yum -y install mysql mysql-server mysql-devel
启动
systemctl restart mysqld
5、在/etc/my.cnf 文件中加入默认字符集
[root@localhost ~]#vim /etc/my.cnf
6 、创建root管理员
mysqladmin -u root password 密码
mysqladmin -u root password 1234
格式：mysqladmin -u用户名 -p旧密码 password 新密码
例子：mysqladmin -uroot -p123456 password 123
7 进入mysql容器中
mysql -u root -p
8、设置允许远程访问
开放防火墙的端口号
mysql增加权限：mysql库中的user表新增一条记录host为“%”，user为“root”。
use mysql;
UPDATE user SET `Host` = \'%\' WHERE `User` = \'root\' LIMIT 1;
5. 完全卸载mysql
查看yum是否安装过mysql
yum list installed mysql*
yum卸载
根据列表上的名字
yum remove mysql-community-client mysql-community-common mysql-community-libs mysql-community-libs-compat mysql-community-server mysql57-community-release
rm -rf /var/lib/mysql
rm /etc/my.cnf
rpm查看安装
rpm -qa | grep -i mysql
rpm 卸载
rpm -e mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch
rpm -e mysql-community-server-5.7.17-1.el7.x86_64
rpm -e mysql-community-libs-5.7.17-1.el7.x86_64
rpm -e mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.17-1.el7.x86_64
rpm -e mysql-community-common-5.7.17-1.el7.x86_64
rpm -e mysql-community-client-5.7.17-1.el7.x86_64
cd /var/lib/
rm -rf mysql/
清除余项
whereis mysql
mysql: /usr/bin/mysql /usr/lib64/mysql /usr/local/mysql /usr/share/mysql /usr/share/man/man1/mysql.1.gz
#删除上面的文件夹
rm -rf /usr/bin/mysql
rm -rf /var/log/mysql
6. 安装redis
yum -y --enablerepo=remi-safe install redis &&
systemctl restart redis
配置文件 redis.conf
//取消这个注释就设置了密码,重新一下生效
requirepass
登录
redis-cli -p 6379 -a 1234
7.测试脚本
<?php
$redis = new Redis();
$redis->connect(\'127.0.0.1\', 6379);//serverip port
$redis->auth(\'\');//my redis password
$redis ->set( "test" , "Hello World");
echo "Redis:" . $redis ->get( "test");
phpinfo();
try{
$pdo=new PDO("mysql:dbname=demo;host=localhost","root","1234");
$stmt=$pdo->prepare("select * from demo");
$stmt->execute();
print_r($stmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC));
}catch(\\Exception $e){
echo $e->getMessage();
}
被转义
echo \'$redis = new Redis();$redis->connect("127.0.0.1", 6379);$redis->auth(""); $redis->set("test", "Hello World");echo "Redis:" . $redis->get("test");phpinfo();try {$pdo = new PDO("mysql:dbname=demo;host=localhost", "root", "1234");$stmt = $pdo->prepare("select * from demo");$stmt->execute();print_r($stmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC));} catch (\\Exception $e) {echo $e->getMessage();}\';
8. 一键安装命令
自动安装安装nginx,mysql,php,redis,和关闭selinx,显示php错误,关闭防火墙80端口,修改php以端口方式连接ip:port
sed -i \'s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/\' /etc/selinux/config ; wget http://rpms.remirepo.net/enterprise/remi-release-8.rpm && yum -y localinstall remi-release-8.rpm && yum -y clean all && rm -rf remi-release-8.rpm && yum -y makecache && firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=80/tcp && firewall-cmd --reload && yum -y install nginx && systemctl enable nginx && systemctl restart nginx && yum -y --enablerepo=remi-safe install php74-php php74-php-gd php74-php-xml php74-php-sockets php74-php-session php74-php-snmp php74-php-mysql && systemctl restart php74-php-fpm && sudo sed -i \'s/listen =.*/listen = 127.0.0.1:9000/\' `find / -name www.conf` && systemctl enable php74-php-fpm && sudo sed -i \'s/display_errors = .*/display_errors = On/\' `find / -name php.ini` ; sudo sed -i \'s/;date.timezone.*/date.timezone = PRC/\' `find / -name php.ini`; yum -y install mysql mysql-server mysql-devel && systemctl restart mysqld && systemctl enable mysqld && mysqladmin -u root password 1234 && yum -y --enablerepo=remi-safe install redis php74-php-pecl-redis5 ; systemctl restart redis && systemctl enable redis ; rm -rf /www && mkdir /www ; chmod -R 777 /www ; echo \'<?php echo "<h1 style=\\"font-size:55px;color:red;text-align:center;\\">年华流失提示您:恭喜你成功搭建LNMP环境</h1>"; $redis = new Redis();$redis->connect("127.0.0.1", 6379);$redis->auth(""); $redis->set("test", "Hello World");echo "Redis:" . $redis->get("test");phpinfo();try {$pdo = new PDO("mysql:dbname=mysql;host=localhost", "root", "1234");$stmt = $pdo->prepare("select * from user");$stmt->execute();print_r($stmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC));} catch (\\Exception $e) {echo $e->getMessage(); } \' >> /www/index.php && setenforce 0 && iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT ; history -c && reboot
----------------------------- 一键安装,并修改服务器配置 -----------------------------
sed -i \'s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/\' /etc/selinux/config ; wget http://rpms.remirepo.net/enterprise/remi-release-8.rpm && yum -y localinstall remi-release-8.rpm && yum -y clean all && rm -rf remi-release-8.rpm && yum -y makecache && firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=80/tcp && firewall-cmd --reload && yum -y install nginx && systemctl enable nginx && systemctl restart nginx && yum -y --enablerepo=remi-safe install php74-php php74-php-gd php74-php-xml php74-php-sockets php74-php-session php74-php-snmp php74-php-mysql && systemctl restart php74-php-fpm && sudo sed -i \'s/listen =.*/listen = 127.0.0.1:9000/\' `find / -name www.conf` && systemctl enable php74-php-fpm && sudo sed -i \'s/display_errors = .*/display_errors = On/\' `find / -name php.ini` ; sudo sed -i \'s/;date.timezone.*/date.timezone = PRC/\' `find / -name php.ini`; yum -y install mysql mysql-server mysql-devel && systemctl restart mysqld && systemctl enable mysqld && mysqladmin -u root password 1234 && yum -y --enablerepo=remi-safe install redis php74-php-pecl-redis5 ; systemctl restart redis && systemctl enable redis ; rm -rf /www && mkdir /www ; chmod -R 777 /www ; echo \'<?php echo "<h1 style=\\"font-size:55px;color:red;text-align:center;\\">年华流失提示您:恭喜你成功搭建LNMP环境</h1>"; $redis = new Redis();$redis->connect("127.0.0.1", 6379);$redis->auth(""); $redis->set("test", "Hello World");echo "Redis:" . $redis->get("test");phpinfo();try {$pdo = new PDO("mysql:dbname=mysql;host=localhost", "root", "1234");$stmt = $pdo->prepare("select * from user");$stmt->execute();print_r($stmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC));} catch (\\Exception $e) {echo $e->getMessage(); } \' >> /www/index.php ; setenforce 0 && iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT ; mv `find / -name nginx.conf` `find / -name nginx.conf`.bak && url=`find / -name nginx.conf.bak` && echo "user root;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
# Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/doc/nginx/README.dynamic.
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
log_format main \'\\$remote_addr - \\$remote_user [\\$time_local] \\"\\$request\\" \'
\'\\$status \\$body_bytes_sent \\"\\$http_referer\\" \'
\'\\"\\$http_user_agent\\" \\"\\$http_x_forwarded_for\\"\';
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
types_hash_max_size 2048;
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
# Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.
# See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include
# for more information.
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
server {
listen 80 default_server;
listen [::]:80 default_server;
server_name localhost;
root /www;
index index.php index.html
error_page 404 /404.html;
location = /40x.html {
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
}
location ~ \\\\.php$ {
root /www;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME \\$document_root\\$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
}
}" >> ${url%.*} && history -c && reboot
10 镜像资源
阿里云镜像
3. ubuntu安装
设置root密码
sudo su -
输入你的账户的密码
passwd
输入新的root密码
再次输入新的root密码
1. 安装nginx
# 切换至root用户
sudo su root
apt-get install nginx
查看nginx是否安装成功
nginx -v
启动nginx
service nginx start
卸载apt-get安装的nginx
# 彻底卸载nginx
apt-get --purge autoremove nginx
#查看nginx的版本号
nginx -v
2. 安装apache
第1步：更新系统存储库
您可以通过首先更新Ubuntu存储库的本地包索引来下载最新版本的软件。打开终端并输入以下命令以执行此操作：
sudo apt update
使用apt命令安装Apache 2
sudo apt install apache2
验证Apache安装
apache2 -version
配置文件
apache2.conf
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