在树莓派用C#+Winform实现传感器监测
Posted 枫叶1003
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最近学校里发了个任务，说要做一个科技节小发明，然后我就掏出我的树莓派准备大干一场。
调料
Raspberry Pi 3B+
树莓派GPIO扩展板
3.5寸电容触摸屏（GPIO接口）
土壤湿度传感器（GPIO接口）
光照传感器（GPIO接口）
由于作品已经交上去了 这里只能先放个以前的图
这里展示的是土壤湿度传感器，光照传感器道理一样
第一步 安装mono
树莓派不能直接运行C#图形化应用程序，去网上搜了一下解决方案，WPF框架是肯定没戏，不过我看到了一个叫mono的项目，可以在Linux平台运行Winform程序，还有这等好事？！赶紧整！
国际惯例哈，更新软件源
sudo apt-get update
然后执行安装命令
sudo apt-get install mono-complete -y
如果没法安装就检查你的软件源是否包含mono，我个人推荐清华大学的开源镜像站
最后我们检查是否安装成功
mono
如果不报错，就是安装成功了
第二步 探索GPIO
环境搭建好了，然而我对GPIO接口所知甚少，还是上网查查
连接传感器，首先是单片机和检测头的连接，母对母两条杜邦线搞定
然后是树莓派和单片机，VCC接3.3V或者5V，GND接树莓派GND，DO接任意GPIO空闲接口
树莓派的GPIO对应表可以在网上搜或者看下面的字符画
一开始使用CSDN上某个大佬的GPIO类
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_30878361/article/details/97233437
结果测试了好久都抛异常，如果哪位大佬知道如何调用可以在评论区告诉我，感谢
于是我果断放弃了这个现成的类库，然后去读了下传感器的文档，发现文档里有一个很有意思的命令
gpio readall
赶紧跑到树莓派终端上，运行它！
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ gpio readall
+-----+-----+---------+------+---+---Pi 3B+-+---+------+---------+-----+-----+
| BCM | wPi | Name | Mode | V | Physical | V | Mode | Name | wPi | BCM |
+-----+-----+---------+------+---+----++----+---+------+---------+-----+-----+
| | | 3.3v | | | 1 || 2 | | | 5v | | |
| 2 | 8 | SDA.1 | ALT0 | 1 | 3 || 4 | | | 5v | | |
| 3 | 9 | SCL.1 | ALT0 | 1 | 5 || 6 | | | 0v | | |
| 4 | 7 | GPIO. 7 | IN | 1 | 7 || 8 | 1 | ALT5 | TxD | 15 | 14 |
| | | 0v | | | 9 || 10 | 1 | ALT5 | RxD | 16 | 15 |
| 17 | 0 | GPIO. 0 | IN | 1 | 11 || 12 | 0 | IN | GPIO. 1 | 1 | 18 |
| 27 | 2 | GPIO. 2 | IN | 0 | 13 || 14 | | | 0v | | |
| 22 | 3 | GPIO. 3 | IN | 0 | 15 || 16 | 0 | IN | GPIO. 4 | 4 | 23 |
| | | 3.3v | | | 17 || 18 | 1 | OUT | GPIO. 5 | 5 | 24 |
| 10 | 12 | MOSI | ALT0 | 0 | 19 || 20 | | | 0v | | |
| 9 | 13 | MISO | ALT0 | 0 | 21 || 22 | 1 | OUT | GPIO. 6 | 6 | 25 |
| 11 | 14 | SCLK | ALT0 | 1 | 23 || 24 | 0 | OUT | CE0 | 10 | 8 |
| | | 0v | | | 25 || 26 | 1 | OUT | CE1 | 11 | 7 |
| 0 | 30 | SDA.0 | IN | 1 | 27 || 28 | 1 | IN | SCL.0 | 31 | 1 |
| 5 | 21 | GPIO.21 | IN | 0 | 29 || 30 | | | 0v | | |
| 6 | 22 | GPIO.22 | IN | 1 | 31 || 32 | 0 | IN | GPIO.26 | 26 | 12 |
| 13 | 23 | GPIO.23 | IN | 0 | 33 || 34 | | | 0v | | |
| 19 | 24 | GPIO.24 | IN | 0 | 35 || 36 | 0 | IN | GPIO.27 | 27 | 16 |
| 26 | 25 | GPIO.25 | IN | 0 | 37 || 38 | 0 | IN | GPIO.28 | 28 | 20 |
| | | 0v | | | 39 || 40 | 0 | IN | GPIO.29 | 29 | 21 |
+-----+-----+---------+------+---+----++----+---+------+---------+-----+-----+
| BCM | wPi | Name | Mode | V | Physical | V | Mode | Name | wPi | BCM |
+-----+-----+---------+------+---+---Pi 3B+-+---+------+---------+-----+-----+
从这里看可能不太直观哈，放个图
然后把传感器从水里拿出来，再次readall
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ gpio readall
+-----+-----+---------+------+---+---Pi 3B+-+---+------+---------+-----+-----+
| BCM | wPi | Name | Mode | V | Physical | V | Mode | Name | wPi | BCM |
+-----+-----+---------+------+---+----++----+---+------+---------+-----+-----+
| | | 3.3v | | | 1 || 2 | | | 5v | | |
| 2 | 8 | SDA.1 | ALT0 | 1 | 3 || 4 | | | 5v | | |
| 3 | 9 | SCL.1 | ALT0 | 1 | 5 || 6 | | | 0v | | |
| 4 | 7 | GPIO. 7 | IN | 1 | 7 || 8 | 1 | ALT5 | TxD | 15 | 14 |
| | | 0v | | | 9 || 10 | 1 | ALT5 | RxD | 16 | 15 |
| 17 | 0 | GPIO. 0 | IN | 1 | 11 || 12 | 0 | IN | GPIO. 1 | 1 | 18 |
| 27 | 2 | GPIO. 2 | IN | 0 | 13 || 14 | | | 0v | | |
| 22 | 3 | GPIO. 3 | IN | 0 | 15 || 16 | 0 | IN | GPIO. 4 | 4 | 23 |
| | | 3.3v | | | 17 || 18 | 1 | OUT | GPIO. 5 | 5 | 24 |
| 10 | 12 | MOSI | ALT0 | 0 | 19 || 20 | | | 0v | | |
| 9 | 13 | MISO | ALT0 | 0 | 21 || 22 | 1 | OUT | GPIO. 6 | 6 | 25 |
| 11 | 14 | SCLK | ALT0 | 1 | 23 || 24 | 0 | OUT | CE0 | 10 | 8 |
| | | 0v | | | 25 || 26 | 1 | OUT | CE1 | 11 | 7 |
| 0 | 30 | SDA.0 | IN | 1 | 27 || 28 | 1 | IN | SCL.0 | 31 | 1 |
| 5 | 21 | GPIO.21 | IN | 1 | 29 || 30 | | | 0v | | |
| 6 | 22 | GPIO.22 | IN | 1 | 31 || 32 | 0 | IN | GPIO.26 | 26 | 12 |
| 13 | 23 | GPIO.23 | IN | 0 | 33 || 34 | | | 0v | | |
| 19 | 24 | GPIO.24 | IN | 0 | 35 || 36 | 0 | IN | GPIO.27 | 27 | 16 |
| 26 | 25 | GPIO.25 | IN | 0 | 37 || 38 | 0 | IN | GPIO.28 | 28 | 20 |
| | | 0v | | | 39 || 40 | 0 | IN | GPIO.29 | 29 | 21 |
+-----+-----+---------+------+---+----++----+---+------+---------+-----+-----+
| BCM | wPi | Name | Mode | V | Physical | V | Mode | Name | wPi | BCM |
+-----+-----+---------+------+---+---Pi 3B+-+---+------+---------+-----+-----+
可以看到BCM为6，接口号29发生了变化，在水中是0，不在水中是1.
OK 搞清楚了，接下来就好办了
第三步 撰写代码
首先写个UI，没UI设计头脑的我就简单粗暴解决了
`namespace OpenEnvLite
{
partial class Form1
{
///
/// 必需的设计器变量。
///
private System.ComponentModel.IContainer components = null;
/// <summary>
/// 清理所有正在使用的资源。
/// </summary>
/// <param name="disposing">如果应释放托管资源，为 true；否则为 false。</param>
protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
{
if (disposing && (components != null))
{
components.Dispose();
}
base.Dispose(disposing);
}
#region Windows 窗体设计器生成的代码
/// <summary>
/// 设计器支持所需的方法 - 不要修改
/// 使用代码编辑器修改此方法的内容。
/// </summary>
private void InitializeComponent()
{
this.title = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
this.土壤湿度 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
this.土壤湿度显示 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
this.亮度 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
this.亮度显示 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
this.label2 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
this.label1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
this.button2 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
this.SuspendLayout();
//
// title
//
this.title.AutoSize = true;
this.title.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("宋体", 21.75F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(134)));
this.title.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.White;
this.title.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(12, 36);
this.title.Name = "title";
this.title.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(187, 29);
this.title.TabIndex = 1;
this.title.Text = "土壤属性探测";
//
// 土壤湿度
//
this.土壤湿度.AutoSize = true;
this.土壤湿度.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("宋体", 15.75F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(134)));
this.土壤湿度.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.White;
this.土壤湿度.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(43, 89);
this.土壤湿度.Name = "土壤湿度";
this.土壤湿度.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(94, 21);
this.土壤湿度.TabIndex = 6;
this.土壤湿度.Text = "土壤湿度";
//
// 土壤湿度显示
//
this.土壤湿度显示.AutoSize = true;
this.土壤湿度显示.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("宋体", 15.75F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(134)));
this.土壤湿度显示.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.White;
this.土壤湿度显示.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(143, 89);
this.土壤湿度显示.Name = "土壤湿度显示";
this.土壤湿度显示.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(73, 21);
this.土壤湿度显示.TabIndex = 7;
this.土壤湿度显示.Text = "检测中";
//
// 亮度
//
this.亮度.AutoSize = true;
this.亮度.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("宋体", 15.75F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(134)));
this.亮度.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.White;
this.亮度.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(63, 110);
this.亮度.Name = "亮度";
this.亮度.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(52, 21);
this.亮度.TabIndex = 8;
this.亮度.Text = "亮度";
//
// 亮度显示
//
this.亮度显示.AutoSize = true;
this.亮度显示.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("宋体", 15.75F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(134)));
this.亮度显示.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.White;
this.亮度显示.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(143, 110);
this.亮度显示.Name = "亮度显示";
this.亮度显示.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(73, 21);
this.亮度显示.TabIndex = 9;
this.亮度显示.Text = "检测中";
//
// label2
//
this.label2.AutoSize = true;
this.label2.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("宋体", 15.75F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(134)));
this.label2.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.White;
this.label2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(27, 174);
this.label2.Name = "label2";
this.label2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(189, 21);
this.label2.TabIndex = 10;
this.label2.Text = " 微型土壤探测系统";
//
// label1
//
this.label1.AutoSize = true;
this.label1.Cursor = System.Windows.Forms.Cursors.Default;
this.label1.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("宋体", 15.75F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(134)));
this.label1.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.White;
this.label1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(27, 142);
this.label1.Name = "label1";
this.label1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(189, 21);
this.label1.TabIndex = 10;
this.label1.Text = "相互科技 版权所有";
//
// button2
//
this.button2.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Black;
this.button2.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("宋体", 12F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(134)));
this.button2.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.White;
this.button2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(191, 26);
this.button2.Name = "button2";
this.button2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(74, 39);
this.button2.TabIndex = 13;
this.button2.Text = "刷新";
this.button2.UseVisualStyleBackColor = false;
this.button2.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.button2_Click);
//
// Form1
//
this.AutoScaleDimensions = new System.Drawing.SizeF(6F, 12F);
this.AutoScaleMode = System.Windows.Forms.AutoScaleMode.Font;
this.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Black;
this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(266, 235);
this.Controls.Add(this.button2);
this.Controls.Add(this.label1);
this.Controls.Add(this.label2);
this.Controls.Add(this.亮度显示);
this.Controls.Add(this.亮度);
this.Controls.Add(this.土壤湿度显示);
this.Controls.Add(this.土壤湿度);
this.Controls.Add(this.title);
this.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.White;
this.FormBorderStyle = System.Windows.Forms.FormBorderStyle.None;
this.Name = "Form1";
this.StartPosition = System.Windows.Forms.FormStartPosition.CenterScreen;
this.Text = "Form1";
this.TopMost = true;
this.ResumeLayout(false);
this.PerformLayout();
}
#endregion
private System.Windows.Forms.Label title;
private System.Windows.Forms.Label 土壤湿度;
private System.Windows.Forms.Label 土壤湿度显示;
private System.Windows.Forms.Label 亮度;
private System.Windows.Forms.Label 亮度显示;
private System.Windows.Forms.Label label2;
private System.Windows.Forms.Label label1;
private System.Windows.Forms.Button button2;
}
}这是设计器代码 然后是主要代码using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Globalization;
using System.IO;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Collections;
namespace OpenEnvLite
{
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
public static string Bash(string command)
{
var escapedArgs = command.Replace("\\"", "\\\\\\"");
var process = new Process()
{
StartInfo = new ProcessStartInfo
{
FileName = "/bin/bash",
Arguments = $"-c \\"{escapedArgs}\\"",
RedirectStandardOutput = true,
UseShellExecute = false,
CreateNoWindow = true,
}
};
process.Start();
string result = process.StandardOutput.ReadToEnd();
process.WaitForExit();
process.Dispose();
return result;
}
private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
string SenseWater = Bash("gpio readall");
if (SenseWater.Contains("| 5 | 21 | GPIO.21 | IN | 0 | 29 |"))
{
土壤湿度显示.Text = "湿度正常";
}
else
{
土壤湿度显示.Text = "湿度过低";
}
string SenseLight = Bash("gpio readall");
if (SenseLight.Contains("| 40 | 1 | IN | GPIO.29 | 29 | 21 |"))
{
亮度显示.Text = "亮度过低";
}
else
{
亮度显示.Text = "亮度正常";
}
}
}
}
`
搞定！
如果要调节传感器的灵敏度可以用十字起子转动单片机上的电阻。
光敏电阻和湿度电阻道理是一样的。
最后导入exe文件到树莓派，使用mono运行
mono -run test.exe
test.exe换成自己程序的名字，运行后点击刷新可以正常显示
大功告成！
该项目在gayhub 啊不github开源：
https://github.com/fengye1003/OpenEnvLite
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