在树莓派用C#+Winform实现传感器监测

Posted 枫叶1003

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最近学校里发了个任务,说要做一个科技节小发明,然后我就掏出我的树莓派准备大干一场。

调料

Raspberry Pi 3B+
树莓派GPIO扩展板
3.5寸电容触摸屏(GPIO接口)
土壤湿度传感器(GPIO接口)
光照传感器(GPIO接口)
由于作品已经交上去了 这里只能先放个以前的图

这里展示的是土壤湿度传感器,光照传感器道理一样

第一步 安装mono

树莓派不能直接运行C#图形化应用程序,去网上搜了一下解决方案,WPF框架是肯定没戏,不过我看到了一个叫mono的项目,可以在Linux平台运行Winform程序,还有这等好事?!赶紧整!

国际惯例哈,更新软件源
sudo apt-get update
然后执行安装命令
sudo apt-get install mono-complete -y
如果没法安装就检查你的软件源是否包含mono,我个人推荐清华大学的开源镜像站
最后我们检查是否安装成功
mono
如果不报错,就是安装成功了

第二步 探索GPIO

环境搭建好了,然而我对GPIO接口所知甚少,还是上网查查
连接传感器,首先是单片机和检测头的连接,母对母两条杜邦线搞定
然后是树莓派和单片机,VCC接3.3V或者5V,GND接树莓派GND,DO接任意GPIO空闲接口
树莓派的GPIO对应表可以在网上搜或者看下面的字符画

一开始使用CSDN上某个大佬的GPIO类
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_30878361/article/details/97233437
结果测试了好久都抛异常,如果哪位大佬知道如何调用可以在评论区告诉我,感谢

于是我果断放弃了这个现成的类库,然后去读了下传感器的文档,发现文档里有一个很有意思的命令
gpio readall
赶紧跑到树莓派终端上,运行它!

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ gpio readall
+-----+-----+---------+------+---+---Pi 3B+-+---+------+---------+-----+-----+
| BCM | wPi | Name | Mode | V | Physical | V | Mode | Name | wPi | BCM |
+-----+-----+---------+------+---+----++----+---+------+---------+-----+-----+
| | | 3.3v | | | 1 || 2 | | | 5v | | |
| 2 | 8 | SDA.1 | ALT0 | 1 | 3 || 4 | | | 5v | | |
| 3 | 9 | SCL.1 | ALT0 | 1 | 5 || 6 | | | 0v | | |
| 4 | 7 | GPIO. 7 | IN | 1 | 7 || 8 | 1 | ALT5 | TxD | 15 | 14 |
| | | 0v | | | 9 || 10 | 1 | ALT5 | RxD | 16 | 15 |
| 17 | 0 | GPIO. 0 | IN | 1 | 11 || 12 | 0 | IN | GPIO. 1 | 1 | 18 |
| 27 | 2 | GPIO. 2 | IN | 0 | 13 || 14 | | | 0v | | |
| 22 | 3 | GPIO. 3 | IN | 0 | 15 || 16 | 0 | IN | GPIO. 4 | 4 | 23 |
| | | 3.3v | | | 17 || 18 | 1 | OUT | GPIO. 5 | 5 | 24 |
| 10 | 12 | MOSI | ALT0 | 0 | 19 || 20 | | | 0v | | |
| 9 | 13 | MISO | ALT0 | 0 | 21 || 22 | 1 | OUT | GPIO. 6 | 6 | 25 |
| 11 | 14 | SCLK | ALT0 | 1 | 23 || 24 | 0 | OUT | CE0 | 10 | 8 |
| | | 0v | | | 25 || 26 | 1 | OUT | CE1 | 11 | 7 |
| 0 | 30 | SDA.0 | IN | 1 | 27 || 28 | 1 | IN | SCL.0 | 31 | 1 |
| 5 | 21 | GPIO.21 | IN | 0 | 29 || 30 | | | 0v | | |
| 6 | 22 | GPIO.22 | IN | 1 | 31 || 32 | 0 | IN | GPIO.26 | 26 | 12 |
| 13 | 23 | GPIO.23 | IN | 0 | 33 || 34 | | | 0v | | |
| 19 | 24 | GPIO.24 | IN | 0 | 35 || 36 | 0 | IN | GPIO.27 | 27 | 16 |
| 26 | 25 | GPIO.25 | IN | 0 | 37 || 38 | 0 | IN | GPIO.28 | 28 | 20 |
| | | 0v | | | 39 || 40 | 0 | IN | GPIO.29 | 29 | 21 |
+-----+-----+---------+------+---+----++----+---+------+---------+-----+-----+
| BCM | wPi | Name | Mode | V | Physical | V | Mode | Name | wPi | BCM |
+-----+-----+---------+------+---+---Pi 3B+-+---+------+---------+-----+-----+

从这里看可能不太直观哈,放个图


然后把传感器从水里拿出来,再次readall

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ gpio readall
+-----+-----+---------+------+---+---Pi 3B+-+---+------+---------+-----+-----+
| BCM | wPi | Name | Mode | V | Physical | V | Mode | Name | wPi | BCM |
+-----+-----+---------+------+---+----++----+---+------+---------+-----+-----+
| | | 3.3v | | | 1 || 2 | | | 5v | | |
| 2 | 8 | SDA.1 | ALT0 | 1 | 3 || 4 | | | 5v | | |
| 3 | 9 | SCL.1 | ALT0 | 1 | 5 || 6 | | | 0v | | |
| 4 | 7 | GPIO. 7 | IN | 1 | 7 || 8 | 1 | ALT5 | TxD | 15 | 14 |
| | | 0v | | | 9 || 10 | 1 | ALT5 | RxD | 16 | 15 |
| 17 | 0 | GPIO. 0 | IN | 1 | 11 || 12 | 0 | IN | GPIO. 1 | 1 | 18 |
| 27 | 2 | GPIO. 2 | IN | 0 | 13 || 14 | | | 0v | | |
| 22 | 3 | GPIO. 3 | IN | 0 | 15 || 16 | 0 | IN | GPIO. 4 | 4 | 23 |
| | | 3.3v | | | 17 || 18 | 1 | OUT | GPIO. 5 | 5 | 24 |
| 10 | 12 | MOSI | ALT0 | 0 | 19 || 20 | | | 0v | | |
| 9 | 13 | MISO | ALT0 | 0 | 21 || 22 | 1 | OUT | GPIO. 6 | 6 | 25 |
| 11 | 14 | SCLK | ALT0 | 1 | 23 || 24 | 0 | OUT | CE0 | 10 | 8 |
| | | 0v | | | 25 || 26 | 1 | OUT | CE1 | 11 | 7 |
| 0 | 30 | SDA.0 | IN | 1 | 27 || 28 | 1 | IN | SCL.0 | 31 | 1 |
| 5 | 21 | GPIO.21 | IN | 1 | 29 || 30 | | | 0v | | |
| 6 | 22 | GPIO.22 | IN | 1 | 31 || 32 | 0 | IN | GPIO.26 | 26 | 12 |
| 13 | 23 | GPIO.23 | IN | 0 | 33 || 34 | | | 0v | | |
| 19 | 24 | GPIO.24 | IN | 0 | 35 || 36 | 0 | IN | GPIO.27 | 27 | 16 |
| 26 | 25 | GPIO.25 | IN | 0 | 37 || 38 | 0 | IN | GPIO.28 | 28 | 20 |
| | | 0v | | | 39 || 40 | 0 | IN | GPIO.29 | 29 | 21 |
+-----+-----+---------+------+---+----++----+---+------+---------+-----+-----+
| BCM | wPi | Name | Mode | V | Physical | V | Mode | Name | wPi | BCM |
+-----+-----+---------+------+---+---Pi 3B+-+---+------+---------+-----+-----+


可以看到BCM为6,接口号29发生了变化,在水中是0,不在水中是1.
OK 搞清楚了,接下来就好办了

第三步 撰写代码

首先写个UI,没UI设计头脑的我就简单粗暴解决了

`namespace OpenEnvLite
{
partial class Form1
{
///


/// 必需的设计器变量。
///

private System.ComponentModel.IContainer components = null;

    /// <summary>
    /// 清理所有正在使用的资源。
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="disposing">如果应释放托管资源,为 true;否则为 false。</param>
    protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
    {
        if (disposing && (components != null))
        {
            components.Dispose();
        }
        base.Dispose(disposing);
    }

    #region Windows 窗体设计器生成的代码

    /// <summary>
    /// 设计器支持所需的方法 - 不要修改
    /// 使用代码编辑器修改此方法的内容。
    /// </summary>
    private void InitializeComponent()
    {
        this.title = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
        this.土壤湿度 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
        this.土壤湿度显示 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
        this.亮度 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
        this.亮度显示 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
        this.label2 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
        this.label1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
        this.button2 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
        this.SuspendLayout();
        // 
        // title
        // 
        this.title.AutoSize = true;
        this.title.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("宋体", 21.75F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(134)));
        this.title.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.White;
        this.title.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(12, 36);
        this.title.Name = "title";
        this.title.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(187, 29);
        this.title.TabIndex = 1;
        this.title.Text = "土壤属性探测";
        // 
        // 土壤湿度
        // 
        this.土壤湿度.AutoSize = true;
        this.土壤湿度.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("宋体", 15.75F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(134)));
        this.土壤湿度.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.White;
        this.土壤湿度.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(43, 89);
        this.土壤湿度.Name = "土壤湿度";
        this.土壤湿度.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(94, 21);
        this.土壤湿度.TabIndex = 6;
        this.土壤湿度.Text = "土壤湿度";
        // 
        // 土壤湿度显示
        // 
        this.土壤湿度显示.AutoSize = true;
        this.土壤湿度显示.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("宋体", 15.75F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(134)));
        this.土壤湿度显示.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.White;
        this.土壤湿度显示.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(143, 89);
        this.土壤湿度显示.Name = "土壤湿度显示";
        this.土壤湿度显示.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(73, 21);
        this.土壤湿度显示.TabIndex = 7;
        this.土壤湿度显示.Text = "检测中";
        // 
        // 亮度
        // 
        this.亮度.AutoSize = true;
        this.亮度.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("宋体", 15.75F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(134)));
        this.亮度.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.White;
        this.亮度.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(63, 110);
        this.亮度.Name = "亮度";
        this.亮度.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(52, 21);
        this.亮度.TabIndex = 8;
        this.亮度.Text = "亮度";
        // 
        // 亮度显示
        // 
        this.亮度显示.AutoSize = true;
        this.亮度显示.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("宋体", 15.75F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(134)));
        this.亮度显示.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.White;
        this.亮度显示.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(143, 110);
        this.亮度显示.Name = "亮度显示";
        this.亮度显示.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(73, 21);
        this.亮度显示.TabIndex = 9;
        this.亮度显示.Text = "检测中";
        // 
        // label2
        // 
        this.label2.AutoSize = true;
        this.label2.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("宋体", 15.75F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(134)));
        this.label2.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.White;
        this.label2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(27, 174);
        this.label2.Name = "label2";
        this.label2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(189, 21);
        this.label2.TabIndex = 10;
        this.label2.Text = " 微型土壤探测系统";
        // 
        // label1
        // 
        this.label1.AutoSize = true;
        this.label1.Cursor = System.Windows.Forms.Cursors.Default;
        this.label1.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("宋体", 15.75F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(134)));
        this.label1.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.White;
        this.label1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(27, 142);
        this.label1.Name = "label1";
        this.label1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(189, 21);
        this.label1.TabIndex = 10;
        this.label1.Text = "相互科技 版权所有";
        // 
        // button2
        // 
        this.button2.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Black;
        this.button2.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("宋体", 12F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(134)));
        this.button2.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.White;
        this.button2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(191, 26);
        this.button2.Name = "button2";
        this.button2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(74, 39);
        this.button2.TabIndex = 13;
        this.button2.Text = "刷新";
        this.button2.UseVisualStyleBackColor = false;
        this.button2.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.button2_Click);
        // 
        // Form1
        // 
        this.AutoScaleDimensions = new System.Drawing.SizeF(6F, 12F);
        this.AutoScaleMode = System.Windows.Forms.AutoScaleMode.Font;
        this.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Black;
        this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(266, 235);
        this.Controls.Add(this.button2);
        this.Controls.Add(this.label1);
        this.Controls.Add(this.label2);
        this.Controls.Add(this.亮度显示);
        this.Controls.Add(this.亮度);
        this.Controls.Add(this.土壤湿度显示);
        this.Controls.Add(this.土壤湿度);
        this.Controls.Add(this.title);
        this.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.White;
        this.FormBorderStyle = System.Windows.Forms.FormBorderStyle.None;
        this.Name = "Form1";
        this.StartPosition = System.Windows.Forms.FormStartPosition.CenterScreen;
        this.Text = "Form1";
        this.TopMost = true;
        this.ResumeLayout(false);
        this.PerformLayout();

    }

    #endregion

    private System.Windows.Forms.Label title;
    private System.Windows.Forms.Label 土壤湿度;
    private System.Windows.Forms.Label 土壤湿度显示;
    private System.Windows.Forms.Label 亮度;
    private System.Windows.Forms.Label 亮度显示;
    private System.Windows.Forms.Label label2;
    private System.Windows.Forms.Label label1;
    private System.Windows.Forms.Button button2;
}

}这是设计器代码 然后是主要代码using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Globalization;
using System.IO;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Collections;

namespace OpenEnvLite
{
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
}

    public static string Bash(string command)
    {
        var escapedArgs = command.Replace("\\"", "\\\\\\"");
        var process = new Process()
        {
            StartInfo = new ProcessStartInfo
            {
                FileName = "/bin/bash",
                Arguments = $"-c \\"{escapedArgs}\\"",
                RedirectStandardOutput = true,
                UseShellExecute = false,
                CreateNoWindow = true,
            }
        };
        process.Start();
        string result = process.StandardOutput.ReadToEnd();
        process.WaitForExit();
        process.Dispose();
        return result;
    }

    private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        string SenseWater = Bash("gpio readall");
        if (SenseWater.Contains("|   5 |  21 | GPIO.21 |   IN | 0 | 29 |"))
        {
            土壤湿度显示.Text = "湿度正常";
        }
        else
        {
            土壤湿度显示.Text = "湿度过低";
        }
        string SenseLight = Bash("gpio readall");
        if (SenseLight.Contains("| 40 | 1 | IN   | GPIO.29 | 29  | 21  |"))
        {
            亮度显示.Text = "亮度过低";
        }
        else
        {
            亮度显示.Text = "亮度正常";
        }
    }
}

}
`

搞定!
如果要调节传感器的灵敏度可以用十字起子转动单片机上的电阻。
光敏电阻和湿度电阻道理是一样的。
最后导入exe文件到树莓派,使用mono运行
mono -run test.exe
test.exe换成自己程序的名字,运行后点击刷新可以正常显示
大功告成!

该项目在gayhub 啊不github开源:
https://github.com/fengye1003/OpenEnvLite

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