基于STM32的颜色传感器TCS3472
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前言
最近由于课程设计要求，用到了一款颜色传感器芯片TCS3472，可以读取物体表面三种RGB三种颜色分量。
环境 keil5 uvison
单片机：STM32ZET6，颜色传感器TCS3472
标准库驱动
串口或者WIFI读取
一、TCS3472是什么？
TCS3472 光电转换器包含一个 3×4 光电二极管阵列、四个集成光电二极管电流 的模数转换器(ADC)、数据寄存器、一个状态机和一个 I²C 接口。
3×4 光电二极 管阵列由红光、绿光、蓝光和清晰(未滤光)光电二极管组成。此外，光电二极管 还涂有红外阻挡滤光片。
四个积分 ADC 同时将放大的光电二极管电流转换为 16 位数字值。转换周期完成后，结果被传输到数据寄存器，数据寄存器采用双缓冲 方式，以确保数据的完整性。所有内部时序以及低功率等待状态都由状态机控制。
TCS3472 数据通信通过高达 400 kHz 的双线 I²C 快速串行总线完成。行业标准 I²C 总线方便了与微控制器和嵌入式处理器的轻松直接连接。除 I²C 总线外，TCS3472 还提供单独的中断信号输出。当中断使能且超过用户定义的阈值时，有效-低电 平中断将被置位，并保持置位状态，直到控制器将其清零。此中断功能无需轮询 TCS3472，从而简化并提高了系统软件的效率。用户可以定义中断阈值的上限和 下限，并应用中断持续过滤器。中断持续过滤器允许用户定义在生成中断之前所 需的连续超出阈值事件的数量。中断输出是开漏的，因此可以与其他器件进行布 线。
二、RGB 颜色传感器分析
颜色传感器用白光照射到物体，物体反射回来的光由红光、绿光、蓝光和清 晰(未滤光)光电二极管吸收，产生光电效应，并且产生光电流，四个积分 ADC 同时将放大的光电二极管电流转换为 16 位数字值。转换周期完成后，结果被传 输到数据寄存器，数据寄存器采用双缓冲方式，以确保数据的完整性。
三、驱动TCS3472
TCS3472采用IIC驱动，STM32采用IO口模拟IIc驱动
TCS3472.c
这个是用寄存器来写的，PB口，如果要改端口的话，也要改相应的寄存器。
#include "sys.h"
/******************************************************************************/
#define TCS34725_ADDRESS (0x29)
#define TCS34725_COMMAND_BIT (0x80)
#define TCS34725_ENABLE (0x00)
#define TCS34725_ENABLE_AIEN (0x10) /* RGBC Interrupt Enable */
#define TCS34725_ENABLE_WEN (0x08) /* Wait enable - Writing 1 activates the wait timer */
#define TCS34725_ENABLE_AEN (0x02) /* RGBC Enable - Writing 1 actives the ADC, 0 disables it */
#define TCS34725_ENABLE_PON (0x01) /* Power on - Writing 1 activates the internal oscillator, 0 disables it */
#define TCS34725_ATIME (0x01) /* Integration time */
#define TCS34725_WTIME (0x03) /* Wait time (if TCS34725_ENABLE_WEN is asserted) */
#define TCS34725_WTIME_2_4MS (0xFF) /* WLONG0 = 2.4ms WLONG1 = 0.029s */
#define TCS34725_WTIME_204MS (0xAB) /* WLONG0 = 204ms WLONG1 = 2.45s */
#define TCS34725_WTIME_614MS (0x00) /* WLONG0 = 614ms WLONG1 = 7.4s */
#define TCS34725_AILTL (0x04) /* Clear channel lower interrupt threshold */
#define TCS34725_AILTH (0x05)
#define TCS34725_AIHTL (0x06) /* Clear channel upper interrupt threshold */
#define TCS34725_AIHTH (0x07)
#define TCS34725_PERS (0x0C) /* Persistence register - basic SW filtering mechanism for interrupts */
#define TCS34725_PERS_NONE (0b0000) /* Every RGBC cycle generates an interrupt */
#define TCS34725_PERS_1_CYCLE (0b0001) /* 1 clean channel value outside threshold range generates an interrupt */
#define TCS34725_PERS_2_CYCLE (0b0010) /* 2 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt */
#define TCS34725_PERS_3_CYCLE (0b0011) /* 3 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt */
#define TCS34725_PERS_5_CYCLE (0b0100) /* 5 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt */
#define TCS34725_PERS_10_CYCLE (0b0101) /* 10 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt */
#define TCS34725_PERS_15_CYCLE (0b0110) /* 15 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt */
#define TCS34725_PERS_20_CYCLE (0b0111) /* 20 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt */
#define TCS34725_PERS_25_CYCLE (0b1000) /* 25 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt */
#define TCS34725_PERS_30_CYCLE (0b1001) /* 30 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt */
#define TCS34725_PERS_35_CYCLE (0b1010) /* 35 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt */
#define TCS34725_PERS_40_CYCLE (0b1011) /* 40 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt */
#define TCS34725_PERS_45_CYCLE (0b1100) /* 45 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt */
#define TCS34725_PERS_50_CYCLE (0b1101) /* 50 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt */
#define TCS34725_PERS_55_CYCLE (0b1110) /* 55 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt */
#define TCS34725_PERS_60_CYCLE (0b1111) /* 60 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt */
#define TCS34725_CONFIG (0x0D)
#define TCS34725_CONFIG_WLONG (0x02) /* Choose between short and long (12x) wait times via TCS34725_WTIME */
#define TCS34725_CONTROL (0x0F) /* Set the gain level for the sensor */
#define TCS34725_ID (0x12) /* 0x44 = TCS34721/TCS34725, 0x4D = TCS34723/TCS34727 */
#define TCS34725_STATUS (0x13)
#define TCS34725_STATUS_AINT (0x10) /* RGBC Clean channel interrupt */
#define TCS34725_STATUS_AVALID (0x01) /* Indicates that the RGBC channels have completed an integration cycle */
#define TCS34725_CDATAL (0x14) /* Clear channel data */
#define TCS34725_CDATAH (0x15)
#define TCS34725_RDATAL (0x16) /* Red channel data */
#define TCS34725_RDATAH (0x17)
#define TCS34725_GDATAL (0x18) /* Green channel data */
#define TCS34725_GDATAH (0x19)
#define TCS34725_BDATAL (0x1A) /* Blue channel data */
#define TCS34725_BDATAH (0x1B)
#define TCS34725_INTEGRATIONTIME_2_4MS 0xFF /**< 2.4ms - 1 cycle - Max Count: 1024 */
#define TCS34725_INTEGRATIONTIME_24MS 0xF6 /**< 24ms - 10 cycles - Max Count: 10240 */
#define TCS34725_INTEGRATIONTIME_50MS 0xEB /**< 50ms - 20 cycles - Max Count: 20480 */
#define TCS34725_INTEGRATIONTIME_101MS 0xD5 /**< 101ms - 42 cycles - Max Count: 43008 */
#define TCS34725_INTEGRATIONTIME_154MS 0xC0 /**< 154ms - 64 cycles - Max Count: 65535 */
#define TCS34725_INTEGRATIONTIME_240MS 0x9C /**< 240ms - 100 cycles - Max Count: 65535 */
#define TCS34725_INTEGRATIONTIME_700MS 0x00 /**< 700ms - 256 cycles - Max Count: 65535 */
#define TCS34725_GAIN_1X 0x00 /**< No gain */
#define TCS34725_GAIN_4X 0x01 /**< 4x gain */
#define TCS34725_GAIN_16X 0x02 /**< 16x gain */
#define TCS34725_GAIN_60X 0x03 /**< 60x gain */
/******************************************************************************/
extern void delay_s(u32 i);
#define TCS_SDA_IN() {GPIOB->CRH&=0xFFFF0FFF;GPIOB->CRH|=8<<12;}
#define TCS_SDA_OUT() {GPIOB->CRH&=0xFFFF0FFF;GPIOB->CRH|=3<<12;}
#define TCS_SDA_READ GPIOB->IDR&(1<<11)
#define TCS_SCL_H GPIO_SetBits(GPIOB,GPIO_Pin_10)
#define TCS_SCL_L GPIO_ResetBits(GPIOB,GPIO_Pin_10)
#define TCS_SDA_H GPIO_SetBits(GPIOB,GPIO_Pin_11)
#define TCS_SDA_L GPIO_ResetBits(GPIOB,GPIO_Pin_11)
/******************************************************************************/
#define max3v(v1, v2, v3) ((v1)<(v2)? ((v2)<(v3)?(v3):(v2)):((v1)<(v3)?(v3):(v1)))
#define min3v(v1, v2, v3) ((v1)>(v2)? ((v2)>(v3)?(v3):(v2)):((v1)>(v3)?(v3):(v1)))
typedef struct{
unsigned short c; //[0-65536]
unsigned short r;
unsigned short g;
unsigned short b;
}COLOR_RGBC;//RGBC
typedef struct{
unsigned short h; //[0,360]
unsigned char s; //[0,100]
unsigned char l; //[0,100]
}COLOR_HSL;//HSL
COLOR_RGBC rgb;
COLOR_HSL hsl;
/******************************************************************************/
void TCS34725_I2C_Init()
{
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_10|GPIO_Pin_11;//PB10/PB10=外接I2C
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_Out_PP;//通用推挽输出
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;//速度
GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStructure);//对选中管脚初始化
GPIO_SetBits(GPIOB,GPIO_Pin_10|GPIO_Pin_11); //高电平
}
/*********************************************/
void TCS34725_I2C_Start()
{
TCS_SDA_OUT();
TCS_SDA_H;
TCS_SCL_H;
delay_s(40);//delay_us(4);
TCS_SDA_L;
delay_s(40);//delay_us(4);
TCS_SCL_L;
}
/*********************************************/
void TCS34725_I2C_Stop()
{
TCS_SDA_OUT();
TCS_SCL_L;
TCS_SDA_L;
delay_s(40);//delay_us(4);
TCS_SCL_H;
TCS_SDA_H;
delay_s(40);//delay_us(4);
}
/*********************************************/
//返回值：1，接收应答失败
// 0，接收应答成功
u8 TCS34725_I2C_Wait_ACK()
{
u32 t=0;
TCS_SDA_IN();//SDA设置为输入
TCS_SDA_H;
delay_s(10);//delay_us(1);
TCS_SCL_H;
delay_s(10);//delay_us(1);
while(TCS_SDA_READ)
{
t++;
if(t > 250)
{
TCS34725_I2C_Stop();
return 1;
}
}
TCS_SCL_L;
return 0;
}
/*********************************************/
//产生ACK应答
void TCS34725_I2C_ACK()
{
TCS_SCL_L;
TCS_SDA_OUT();//sda线输出
TCS_SDA_L;
delay_s(20);//delay_us(2);
TCS_SCL_H;
delay_s(20);//delay_us(2);
TCS_SCL_L;
}
/*********************************************/
//不产生ACK应答
void TCS34725_I2C_NACK()
{
TCS_SCL_L;
TCS_SDA_OUT();//sda线输出
TCS_SDA_H;
delay_s(20);//delay_us(2);
TCS_SCL_H;
delay_s(20);//delay_us(2);
TCS_SCL_L;
}
/*********************************************/
//I2C发送一个字节
void TCS34725_I2C_Send_Byte(u8 byte)
{
u8 i;
TCS_SDA_OUT();//sda线输出
TCS_SCL_L;//拉低时钟开始数据传输
for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
{
if(((byte&0x80)>>7)==1)TCS_SDA_H;
else
TCS_SDA_L;
byte <<= 1;
delay_s(20);//delay_us(2);
TCS_SCL_H;
delay_s(20);//delay_us(2);
TCS_SCL_L;
delay_s(20);//delay_us(2);
}
}
/*********************************************/
//读1个字节，ack=1时，发送ACK，ack=0，发送nACK
u8 TCS34725_I2C_Read_Byte(u8 ack)
{
u8 i,receive = 0;
TCS_SDA_IN();
for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
{
TCS_SCL_L;
delay_s(20);//delay_us(2);
TCS_SCL_H;
receive <<= 1;
if(TCS_SDA_READ) receive++;
delay_s(10);//delay_us(1);
}
if (!ack) TCS34725_I2C_NACK();//发送nACK
else TCS34725_I2C_ACK(); //发送ACK
return receive;
}
/*********************************************/
/*******************************************************************************
* @brief Writes data to a slave device.
*
* @param slaveAddress - Adress of the slave device.
* @param dataBuffer - Pointer to a buffer storing the transmission data.
* @param bytesNumber - Number of bytes to write.
* @param stopBit - Stop condition control.
* Example: 0 - A stop condition will not be sent;
* 1 - A stop condition will be sent.
*******************************************************************************/
void TCS34725_I2C_Write(u8 slaveAddress, u8* dataBuffer,u8 bytesNumber, u8 stopBit)
{
u8 i = 0;
TCS34725_I2C_Start();
TCS34725_I2C_Send_Byte((slaveAddress << 1) | 0x00); //发送从机地址写命令
TCS34725_I2C_Wait_ACK();
for(i = 0; i < bytesNumber; i++)
{
TCS34725_I2C_Send_Byte(*(dataBuffer + i));
TCS34725_I2C_Wait_ACK();
}
if(stopBit == 1) TCS34725_I2C_Stop();
}
/*******************************************************************************
* @brief Reads data from a slave device.
*
* @param slaveAddress - Adress of the slave device.
* @param dataBuffer - Pointer to a buffer that will store the received data.
* @param bytesNumber - Number of bytes to read.
* @param stopBit - Stop condition control.
* Example: 0 - A stop condition will not be sent;
* 1 - A stop condition will be sent.
*******************************************************************************/
void TCS34725_I2C_Read(u8 slaveAddress, u8* dataBuffer, u8 bytesNumber, u8 stopBit)
{
u8 i = 0;
TCS34725_I2C_Start();
TCS34725_I2C_Send_Byte((slaveAddress << 1) | 0x01); //发送从机地址读命令
TCS34725_I2C_Wait_ACK();
for(i = 0; i < bytesNumber; i++)
{
if(i == bytesNumber - 1)
{
*(dataBuffer + i) = TCS34725_I2C_Read_Byte(0);//读取的最后一个字节发送NACK
}
else
{
*(dataBuffer + i) = TCS34725_I2C_Read_Byte(1);
}
}
if(stopBit == 1) TCS34725_I2C_Stop();
}
/*******************************************************************************
* @brief Writes data into TCS34725 registers, starting from the selected
* register address pointer.
*
* @param subAddr - The selected register address pointer.
* @param dataBuffer - Pointer to a buffer storing the transmission data.
* @param bytesNumber - Number of bytes that will be sent.
*
* @return None.
*******************************************************************************/
void TCS34725_Write(u8 subAddr, u8* dataBuffer, u8 bytesNumber)
{
u8 sendBuffer[10] = {0, };
u8 byte = 0;
sendBuffer[0] = subAddr | TCS34725_COMMAND_BIT;
for(byte = 1; byte <= bytesNumber; byte++)
{
sendBuffer[byte] = dataBuffer[byte - 1];
}
TCS34725_I2C_Write(TCS34725_ADDRESS, sendBuffer, bytesNumber + 1, 1);
}
/*******************************************************************************
* @brief Reads data from TCS34725 registers, starting from the selected
* register address pointer.
*
* @param subAddr - The selected register address pointer.
* @param dataBuffer - Pointer to a buffer that will store the received data.
* @param bytesNumber - Number of bytes that will be read.
*
* @return None.
*******************************************************************************/
void TCS34725_Read(u8 subAddr, u8* dataBuffer, u8 bytesNumber)
{
subAddr |= TCS34725_COMMAND_BIT;
TCS34725_I2C_Write(TCS34725_ADDRESS, (u8*)&subAddr, 1, 0);
TCS34725_I2C_Read(TCS34725_ADDRESS, dataBuffer, bytesNumber, 1);
}
/*******************************************************************************
* @brief TCS34725设置积分时间
*
* @return None
*******************************************************************************/
void TCS34725_SetIntegrationTime(u8 time)
{
TCS34725_Write(TCS34725_ATIME, &time, 1);
}
/*******************************************************************************
* @brief TCS34725设置增益
*
* @return None
*******************************************************************************/
void TCS34725_SetGain(u8 gain)
{
TCS34725_Write(TCS34725_CONTROL, &gain, 1);
}
/*******************************************************************************
* @brief TCS34725使能
*
* @return None
*******************************************************************************/
void TCS34725_Enable(void)
{
u8 cmd = TCS34725_ENABLE_PON;
TCS34725_Write(TCS34725_ENABLE, &cmd, 1);
cmd = TCS34725_ENABLE_PON | TCS34725_ENABLE_AEN;
TCS34725_Write(TCS34725_ENABLE, &cmd, 1);
//delay_s(600000);//delay_ms(3);//延时应该放在设置AEN之后
}
/*******************************************************************************
* @brief TCS34725失能
*
* @return None
*******************************************************************************/
void TCS34725_Disable(void)
{
u8 cmd = 0;
TCS34725_Read(TCS34725_ENABLE, &cmd, 1);
cmd = cmd & ~(TCS34725_ENABLE_PON | TCS34725_ENABLE_AEN);
TCS34725_Write(TCS34725_ENABLE, &cmd, 1);
}
/*******************************************************************************
* @brief TCS34725初始化
*
* @return ID - ID寄存器中的值
*******************************************************************************/
u8 TCS34725_Init(void)
{
u8 id=0;
TCS34725_I2C_Init();
TCS34725_Read(TCS34725_ID, &id, 1); //TCS34725 的 ID 是 0x44 可以根据这个来判断是否成功连接,0x4D是TCS34727;
if(id==0x4D | id==0x44)
{
TCS34725_SetIntegrationTime(TCS34725_INTEGRATIONTIME_50MS);
TCS34725_SetGain(TCS34725_GAIN_1X);
TCS34725_Enable();
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
/*******************************************************************************
* @brief TCS34725获取单个通道数据
*
* @return data - 该通道的转换值
*******************************************************************************/
u16 TCS34725_GetChannelData(u8 reg)
{
u8 tmp[2] = {0,0};
u16 data;
TCS34725_Read(reg, tmp, 2);
data = (tmp[1] << 8) | tmp[0];
return data;
}
/*******************************************************************************
* @brief TCS34725获取各个通道数据
*
* @return 1 - 转换完成，数据可用
* 0 - 转换未完成，数据不可用
*******************************************************************************/
u8 TCS34725_GetRawData(COLOR_RGBC *rgbc)
{
u8 status = TCS34725_STATUS_AVALID;
TCS34725_Read(TCS34725_STATUS, &status, 1);
if(status & TCS34725_STATUS_AVALID)
{
rgbc->c = TCS34725_GetChannelData(TCS34725_CDATAL);
rgbc->r = TCS34725_GetChannelData(TCS34725_RDATAL);
rgbc->g = TCS34725_GetChannelData(TCS34725_GDATAL);
rgbc->b = TCS34725_GetChannelData(TCS34725_BDATAL);
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
/******************************************************************************/
//RGB转HSL
void RGBtoHSL(COLOR_RGBC *Rgb, COLOR_HSL *Hsl)
{
u8 maxVal,minVal,difVal;
u8 r = Rgb->r*100/Rgb->c; //[0-100]
u8 g = Rgb->g*100/Rgb->c;
u8 b = Rgb->b*100/Rgb->c;
maxVal = max3v(r,g,b);
minVal = min3v(r,g,b);
difVal = maxVal-minVal;
//计算亮度
Hsl->l = (maxVal+minVal)/2; //[0-100]
if(maxVal == minVal)//若r=g=b,灰度
{
Hsl->h = 0;
Hsl->s = 0;
}
else
{
//计算色调
if(maxVal==r)
{
if(g>=b)
Hsl->h = 60*(g-b)/difVal;
else
Hsl->h = 60*(g-b)/difVal+360;以上是关于基于STM32的颜色传感器TCS3472的主要内容，如果未能解决你的问题，请参考以下文章