SaltStack之配置管理

Posted 2021-07-31 卑微小胡

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SaltStack之配置管理

文章目录

SaltStack之配置管理

YAML语言

YAML是一种直观的能够被电脑识别的数据序列化格式，是一个可读性高并且容易被人类阅读，容易和脚本语言交互，用来表达资料序列的编程语言。

它类似于标准通用标记语言的子集XML的数据描述语言，语法比XML简单很多。

YAML语言的格式如下：

house:
  family:
    name: Doe
    parents:
      - John
      - Jane
    children:
      - Paul
      - Mark
      - Simone
  address:
    number: 34
    street: Main Street
    city: Nowheretown
    zipcode: 12345

YAML的基本规则：

使用缩进来表示层级关系，每层2个空格，禁止使用TAB键
当冒号不是处于最后时，冒号后面必须有一个空格
用 - 表示列表，- 的后面必须有一个空格
用 # 表示注释

YAML配置文件要放到SaltStack让我们放的位置，可以在SaltStack的 Master 配置文件中查找file_roots即可看到。

[root@master ~]# vim /etc/salt/master
...此处省略N行
file_roots:
  base:
    - /srv/salt/base
  test:
    - /srv/salt/test
  dev:
    - /srv/salt/dev
  prod:
    - /srv/salt/prod
...此处省略N行

[root@master ~]# mkdir -p /srv/salt/{base,test,dev,prod}
[root@master ~]# tree /srv/salt/
/srv/salt/
├── base
├── dev
├── prod
└── test

4 directories, 0 files
[root@master ~]# systemctl restart salt-master

需要注意：

base是默认的位置，如果file_roots只有一个，则base是必备的且必须叫base，不能改名

用SaltStack配置一个nginx实例

在Master上部署sls配置文件并执行

[root@master ~]# mkdir -p /srv/salt/base
[root@master ~]# cd /srv/salt/base/
[root@master base]# mkdir -p web/nginx
[root@master base]# cd web/nginx/
[root@master nginx]# touch install.sls
[root@master nginx]# vim install.sls
nginx-install:
  pkg.installed:
    - name: nginx

nginx-service:
  service.running:
    - name: nginx
    - enable: True
[root@master nginx]# salt 'minion1' state.sls web.nginx.install saltenv=base
minion1:
----------
          ID: nginx-install
    Function: pkg.installed
        Name: nginx
      Result: True
     Comment: The following packages were installed/updated: nginx
     Started: 22:30:31.964289
    Duration: 28599.65 ms
     Changes:   
              ----------
              dejavu-fonts-common:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      2.35-7.el8
                  old:
 ......
                  new:
                      1:2.21-2.el8
                  old:
              perl-threads-shared:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.58-2.el8
                  old:
----------
          ID: nginx-service
    Function: service.running
        Name: nginx
      Result: True
     Comment: Service nginx has been enabled, and is running
     Started: 22:31:00.593519
    Duration: 509.77 ms
     Changes:   
              ----------
              nginx:
                  True

Summary for minion1
------------
Succeeded: 2 (changed=2)
Failed:    0
------------
Total states run:     2
Total run time:  29.109 s
[root@master nginx]#

在Minion1上检查

[root@minion1 ~]# systemctl status nginx
● nginx.service - The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendo>
   Active: active (running) since Mon 2021-07-05 22:31:00 CST; 5min ago
 Main PID: 14352 (nginx)
    Tasks: 2 (limit: 4767)
   Memory: 4.4M
   CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
           ├─14352 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx
           └─14357 nginx: worker process

Jul 05 22:31:00 minion1 systemd[1]: Starting The nginx HTTP and reverse >
Jul 05 22:31:00 minion1 nginx[14338]: nginx: the configuration file /etc>
Jul 05 22:31:00 minion1 nginx[14338]: nginx: configuration file /etc/ngi>
Jul 05 22:31:00 minion1 systemd[1]: nginx.service: Failed to parse PID f>
Jul 05 22:31:00 minion1 systemd[1]: Started The nginx HTTP and reverse p>
[root@minion1 ~]# ss -antl
State   Recv-Q  Send-Q   Local Address:Port   Peer Address:Port Process  
LISTEN  0       128            0.0.0.0:80          0.0.0.0:*             
LISTEN  0       128            0.0.0.0:22          0.0.0.0:*             
LISTEN  0       128               [::]:80             [::]:*             
LISTEN  0       128               [::]:22             [::]:*

在这里插入图片描述

top file

top file介绍

直接通过命令执行sls文件时够自动化吗？答案是否定的，因为我们还要告诉某台主机要执行某个任务，自动化应该是我们让它干活时，它自己就知道哪台主机要干什么活，但是直接通过命令执行sls文件并不能达到这个目的，为了解决这个问题，top file 应运而生。

top file就是一个入口，top file的文件名可通过在 Master的配置文件中搜索top.sls找出，且此文件必须在 base 环境中，默认情况下此文件必须叫top.sls。

top file的作用就是告诉对应的主机要干什么活，比如让web服务器启动web服务，让数据库服务器安装mysql等等。

top file 实例：

[root@master nginx]# cd /srv/salt/base/
[root@master base]# vim top.sls
base:    #要执行状态文件的环境
  'minion1':   #要执行状态文件的目标
    - web.nginx.install   #要执行的状态文件
#停止minion1的nginx
[root@minion1 ~]# systemctl stop nginx
#用高级状态执行状态文件
[root@master base]# salt 'minion1' state.highstate
minion1:
----------
          ID: nginx-install
    Function: pkg.installed
        Name: nginx
      Result: True
     Comment: All specified packages are already installed
     Started: 22:43:00.368720
    Duration: 531.528 ms
     Changes:   
----------
          ID: nginx-service
    Function: service.running
        Name: nginx
      Result: True
     Comment: Service nginx is already enabled, and is running
     Started: 22:43:00.902250
    Duration: 225.233 ms
     Changes:   
              ----------
              nginx:
                  True

Summary for minion1
------------
Succeeded: 2 (changed=1)
Failed:    0
------------
Total states run:     2
Total run time: 756.761 ms
#查看minion1的nginx的状态
[root@minion1 ~]# systemctl status nginx
● nginx.service - The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendo>
   Active: active (running) since Mon 2021-07-05 22:43:01 CST; 16s ago
  Process: 16697 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx (code=exited, status=0/SUCCES>
  Process: 16695 ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t (code=exited, status=0/>
  Process: 16694 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/rm -f /run/nginx.pid (code=exited>
 Main PID: 16699 (nginx)
    Tasks: 2 (limit: 4767)
   Memory: 3.7M
   CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
           ├─16699 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx
           └─16700 nginx: worker process

Jul 05 22:43:00 minion1 systemd[1]: Starting The nginx HTTP and reverse >
Jul 05 22:43:01 minion1 nginx[16695]: nginx: the configuration file /etc>
Jul 05 22:43:01 minion1 nginx[16695]: nginx: configuration file /etc/ngi>
Jul 05 22:43:01 minion1 systemd[1]: nginx.service: Failed to parse PID f>
Jul 05 22:43:01 minion1 systemd[1]: Started The nginx HTTP and reverse p>
[root@minion1 ~]#

注意：

若top file里面的目标是用 * 表示的，要注意的是，top file里面的 * 表示的是所有要执行状态的目标，而 salt '*' state.highstate 里面的 * 表示通知所有机器干活，而是否要干活则是由top file来指定的

高级状态highstate的使用

管理SaltStack时一般最常用的管理操作就是执行高级状态

[root@master ~]# salt '*' state.highstate   //生产环境禁止这样使用salt命令

注意：
上面让所有人执行高级状态，但实际工作当中，一般不会这么用，工作当中一般都是通知某台或某些台目标主机来执行高级状态，具体是否执行则是由top file来决定的。

若在执行高级状态时加上参数test=True，则它会告诉我们它将会做什么，但是它不会真的去执行这个操作。

#停掉minion1上的nginx1服务
[root@minion1 ~]# systemctl stop nginx
[root@minion1 ~]# systemctl status nginx
● nginx.service - The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendo>
   Active: inactive (dead) since Mon 2021-07-05 22:46:23 CST; 3s ago
  Process: 16697 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx (code=exited, status=0/SUCCES>
  Process: 16695 ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t (code=exited, status=0/>
  Process: 16694 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/rm -f /run/nginx.pid (code=exited>
 Main PID: 16699 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

Jul 05 22:43:00 minion1 systemd[1]: Starting The nginx HTTP and reverse >
Jul 05 22:43:01 minion1 nginx[16695]: nginx: the configuration file /etc>
Jul 05 22:43:01 minion1 nginx[16695]: nginx: configuration file /etc/ngi>
Jul 05 22:43:01 minion1 systemd[1]: nginx.service: Failed to parse PID f>
Jul 05 22:43:01 minion1 systemd[1]: Started The nginx HTTP and reverse p>
Jul 05 22:46:23 minion1 systemd[1]: Stopping The nginx HTTP and reverse >
Jul 05 22:46:23 minion1 systemd[1]: nginx.service: Succeeded.
Jul 05 22:46:23 minion1 systemd[1]: Stopped The nginx HTTP and reverse p>
[root@minion1 ~]#
#在master上执行高级状态的测试
[root@master base]#  salt 'minion1' state.highstate test=True
minion1:
----------
          ID: nginx-install
    Function: pkg.installed
        Name: nginx
      Result: True
     Comment: All specified packages are already installed
     Started: 22:47:01.585280
    Duration: 494.56 ms
     Changes:   
----------
          ID: nginx-service
    Function: service.running
        Name: nginx
      Result: None
     Comment: Service nginx is set to start
     Started: 22:47:02.081800
    Duration: 60.153 ms
     Changes:   

Summary for minion1
------------
Succeeded: 2 (unchanged=1)
Failed:    0
------------
Total states run:     2
Total run time: 554.713 ms
#在minion1上查看nginx是否启动
[root@minion1 ~]# systemctl status nginx
● nginx.service - The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendo>
   Active: inactive (dead) since Mon 2021-07-05 22:46:23 CST; 1min 1s ago
  Process: 16697 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx (code=exited, status=0/SUCCES>
  Process: 16695 ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t (code=exited, status=0/>
  Process: 16694 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/rm -f /run/nginx.pid (code=exited>
 Main PID: 16699 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

Jul 05 22:43:00 minion1 systemd[1]: Starting The nginx HTTP and reverse >
Jul 05 22:43:01 minion1 nginx[16695]: nginx: the configuration file /etc>
Jul 05 22:43:01 minion1 nginx[16695]: nginx: configuration file /etc/ngi>
Jul 05 22:43:01 minion1 systemd[1]: nginx.service: Failed to parse PID f>
Jul 05 22:43:01 minion1 systemd[1]: Started The nginx HTTP and reverse p>
Jul 05 22:46:23 minion1 systemd[1]: Stopping The nginx HTTP and reverse >
Jul 05 22:46:23 minion1 systemd[1]: nginx.service: Succeeded.
Jul 05 22:46:23 minion1 systemd[1]: Stopped The nginx HTTP and reverse p>
[root@minion1 ~]#
#没有启动，因此高级状态并没有执行，只是测试，告诉我们将会做什么

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