java新特性--03--Stream简介
Posted 高高for 循环
tags:
篇首语：本文由小常识网(cha138.com)小编为大家整理，主要介绍了java新特性--03--Stream简介相关的知识，希望对你有一定的参考价值。
Stream简介
创建 Stream方式
方式一：通过集合
//创建 Stream方式一：通过集合
@Test
public void test1(){
List<Employee> employees = EmployeeData.getEmployees();
// default Stream<E> stream() : 返回一个顺序流
Stream<Employee> stream = employees.stream();
// default Stream<E> parallelStream() : 返回一个并行流
Stream<Employee> parallelStream = employees.parallelStream();
}
方式二：通过数组
//创建 Stream方式二：通过数组
@Test
public void test2(){
int[] arr = new int[]{1,2,3,4,5,6};
//调用Arrays类的static <T> Stream<T> stream(T[] array): 返回一个流
IntStream stream = Arrays.stream(arr);
Employee e1 = new Employee(1001,"Tom");
Employee e2 = new Employee(1002,"Jerry");
Employee[] arr1 = new Employee[]{e1,e2};
Stream<Employee> stream1 = Arrays.stream(arr1);
}
方式三：通过Stream的of()
//创建 Stream方式三：通过Stream的of()
@Test
public void test3(){
Stream<Integer> stream = Stream.of(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6);
}
方式四：创建无限流
//创建 Stream方式四：创建无限流
@Test
public void test4(){
// 迭代
// public static<T> Stream<T> iterate(final T seed, final UnaryOperator<T> f)
//遍历前10个偶数
Stream.iterate(0, t -> t + 2).limit(10).forEach(System.out::println);
// 生成
// public static<T> Stream<T> generate(Supplier<T> s)
Stream.generate(Math::random).limit(10).forEach(System.out::println);
}
Stream的中间操作
void forEach(Consumer<? super T> action);
一:筛选与切片
1. filter(Predicate p)
——接收 Lambda ， 从流中排除某些元素。
//1-筛选与切片
@Test
public void test1(){
List<Employee> list = new ArrayList<>();
list.add(new Employee(1001, "马化腾", 34, 6000.38));
list.add(new Employee(1002, "马云", 12, 9876.12));
list.add(new Employee(1003, "刘强东", 33, 3000.82));
list.add(new Employee(1004, "雷军", 26, 7657.37));
list.add(new Employee(1005, "李彦宏", 65, 5555.32));
list.add(new Employee(1006, "比尔盖茨", 42, 9500.43));
list.add(new Employee(1007, "任正非", 26, 4333.32));
list.add(new Employee(1008, "扎克伯格", 35, 2500.32));
// filter(Predicate p)——接收 Lambda ， 从流中排除某些元素。
Stream<Employee> stream = list.stream();
//练习：查询员工表中薪资大于7000的员工信息
stream.filter(e -> e.getSalary() > 7000).forEach(e -> System.out.println(e));
}
2. limit(n)
——截断流，使其元素不超过给定数量。
//1-筛选与切片
@Test
public void test2(){
List<Employee> list = new ArrayList<>();
list.add(new Employee(1001, "马化腾", 34, 6000.38));
list.add(new Employee(1002, "马云", 12, 9876.12));
list.add(new Employee(1003, "刘强东", 33, 3000.82));
list.add(new Employee(1004, "雷军", 26, 7657.37));
list.add(new Employee(1005, "李彦宏", 65, 5555.32));
list.add(new Employee(1006, "比尔盖茨", 42, 9500.43));
list.add(new Employee(1007, "任正非", 26, 4333.32));
list.add(new Employee(1008, "扎克伯格", 35, 2500.32));
// limit(n)——截断流，使其元素不超过给定数量。
list.stream().limit(5).forEach(System.out::println);
}
3. skip(n)
—— 跳过元素，返回一个扔掉了前 n 个元素的流。若流中元素不足 n 个，则返回一个空流。与 limit(n) 互补
//1-筛选与切片
@Test
public void test2(){
List<Employee> list = new ArrayList<>();
list.add(new Employee(1001, "马化腾", 34, 6000.38));
list.add(new Employee(1002, "马云", 12, 9876.12));
list.add(new Employee(1003, "刘强东", 33, 3000.82));
list.add(new Employee(1004, "雷军", 26, 7657.37));
list.add(new Employee(1005, "李彦宏", 65, 5555.32));
list.add(new Employee(1006, "比尔盖茨", 42, 9500.43));
list.add(new Employee(1007, "任正非", 26, 4333.32));
list.add(new Employee(1008, "扎克伯格", 35, 2500.32));
// skip(n) —— 跳过元素，返回一个扔掉了前 n 个元素的流。若流中元素不足 n 个，则返回一个空流。与 limit(n) 互补
list.stream().skip(5).forEach(System.out::println);
}
4. distinct()
——筛选，通过流所生成元素的 hashCode() 和 equals() 去除重复元素
//1-筛选与切片
@Test
public void test2(){
List<Employee> list = new ArrayList<>();
list.add(new Employee(1001, "马化腾", 34, 6000.38));
list.add(new Employee(1002, "马云", 12, 9876.12));
list.add(new Employee(1003, "刘强东", 33, 3000.82));
list.add(new Employee(1004, "雷军", 26, 7657.37));
list.add(new Employee(1005, "李彦宏", 65, 5555.32));
list.add(new Employee(1006, "比尔盖茨", 42, 9500.43));
list.add(new Employee(1007, "任正非", 26, 4333.32));
list.add(new Employee(1008, "扎克伯格", 35, 2500.32));
// distinct()——筛选，通过流所生成元素的 hashCode() 和 equals() 去除重复元素
list.add(new Employee(1010,"刘强东",40,8000));
list.add(new Employee(1010,"刘强东",41,8000));
list.add(new Employee(1010,"刘强东",40,8000));
list.add(new Employee(1010,"刘强东",40,8000));
list.add(new Employee(1010,"刘强东",40,8000));
list.stream().distinct().forEach(System.out::println);
}
二: 映射
map(Function f)
——接收一个函数作为参数，将元素转换成其他形式或提取信息，该函数会被应用到每个元素上，并将其映射成一个新的元素。
练习1：
@Test
public void test01(){
List<String> list = Arrays.asList("aa", "bb", "cc", "dd");
list.stream().map(str -> str.toUpperCase()).forEach(System.out::println);
}
练习2：获取员工姓名长度大于3的员工的姓名。
@Test
public void test01(){
List<Employee> list = new ArrayList<>();
list.add(new Employee(1001, "马化腾", 34, 6000.38));
list.add(new Employee(1002, "马云", 12, 9876.12));
list.add(new Employee(1003, "刘强东", 33, 3000.82));
list.add(new Employee(1004, "雷军", 26, 7657.37));
list.add(new Employee(1005, "李彦宏", 65, 5555.32));
list.add(new Employee(1006, "比尔盖茨", 42, 9500.43));
list.add(new Employee(1007, "任正非", 26, 4333.32));
list.add(new Employee(1008, "扎克伯格", 35, 2500.32));
Stream<String> namesStream = list.stream().map(Employee ->Employee.getName());
namesStream.filter(name -> name.length() > 3).forEach(System.out::println);
System.out.println();
}
练习3：将字符串中的多个字符构成的集合转换为对应的Stream的实例
@Test
public void test02(){
List<String> list = Arrays.asList("aa", "bb", "cc", "dd");
Stream<Stream<Character>> streamStream = list.stream().map(str ->fromStringToStream(str));
streamStream.forEach(s ->{
s.forEach(System.out::println);
});
System.out.println();
}
//将字符串中的多个字符构成的集合转换为对应的Stream的实例
public static Stream<Character> fromStringToStream(以上是关于java新特性--03--Stream简介的主要内容，如果未能解决你的问题，请参考以下文章
重学Java 8新特性 | 第2讲——Java 8新特性简介