Spring源码剖析-单利Bean的实例化
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前言
前面系列章节我们分析了Spring的IOC的启动流程,包括:容器创建,配置加载,配置解析,Bean注册等几个阶段,所以Bean注册其实就是把Bean的相关属性,依赖关系等封装成BeanDeafinition对象,然后注册到一个ConcurrentHashMap中。要注意的是这个BeanDeafinition只是对Bean的一个定义封装而已,并不是真正的Bean的实例,那Bean的实例是在什么时候创建的?有三种情况
- 如果是单利Bean,且lazy-init=false 急切初始(即时,立即,迫切,饥饿都是一个意思)的情况,在IOC容器启动之后就会根据BeanDeafinition对Bean进行实例化。
- 如果某个Bean还没被实例化,通过BeanFacotry.getBean 获取Bean的时候,就会触发Bean的实例化。
- 通过自动注入的时候,会触发Bean的实例化
虽然有多种情况会触Bean的发实例化,但是实例化的过程都是一样的,这篇文章就讲一下IOC启动之后,单利Bean的实例化过程吧。
refresh() 单利Bean实例化
代码还得回到 AbstractApplicationContext#refresh 方法中,在《IOC启动流程》一文中我们对容器刷新refresh方法已经有过研究
@Override
public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
// Prepare this context for refreshing.
//准备刷新工作 ,记录开始时间,初始化属性,校验配置文件,准备事件的存储Set
prepareRefresh();
// Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory.
//告诉子类,刷新Bean工厂,销毁旧beanFactory,创建新beanFactory,默认DefaultListableBeanFactory
//从子容器的refreshBeanFactory方法中载入Bean的资源文件
ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();
...省略...
// Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.
//实例化所有剩余的(非延迟初始化)单例的Bean
finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);
...省略...
}
在 obtainFreshBeanFactory方法中完成了Bean的资源文件加载,Bean的解析,BeanDefinition的注册等一些列过程。最终把BeanDefinition保存到了DefaultListableBeanFactory管理的一个ConcurrentHashMap中。
我们接下来要探讨的是finishBeanFactoryInitialization;
方法,它里面实现了急切初始化的单例的Bean的创建流程。
/**
* Finish the initialization of this context's bean factory,
* initializing all remaining singleton beans.
* 完成此上下文的 bean 工厂的初始化,初始化所有剩余的单例 bean。
*/
protected void finishBeanFactoryInitialization(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) {
// Initialize conversion service for this context.
//用于类型转换的服务接口
if (beanFactory.containsBean(CONVERSION_SERVICE_BEAN_NAME) &&
beanFactory.isTypeMatch(CONVERSION_SERVICE_BEAN_NAME, ConversionService.class)) {
beanFactory.setConversionService(
beanFactory.getBean(CONVERSION_SERVICE_BEAN_NAME, ConversionService.class));
}
// Register a default embedded value resolver if no bean post-processor
// (such as a PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer bean) registered any before:
// at this point, primarily for resolution in annotation attribute values.
if (!beanFactory.hasEmbeddedValueResolver()) {
beanFactory.addEmbeddedValueResolver(strVal -> getEnvironment().resolvePlaceholders(strVal));
}
// Initialize LoadTimeWeaverAware beans early to allow for registering their transformers early.
String[] weaverAwareNames = beanFactory.getBeanNamesForType(LoadTimeWeaverAware.class, false, false);
for (String weaverAwareName : weaverAwareNames) {
getBean(weaverAwareName);
}
// Stop using the temporary ClassLoader for type matching.
//停止使用临时类加载器进行类型匹配
beanFactory.setTempClassLoader(null);
// Allow for caching all bean definition metadata, not expecting further changes.
//允许缓存所有 beandefinition 元数据,防止更改
beanFactory.freezeConfiguration();
// Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.
//[重要]入口在这 ,实例化 lazy-init= false的单利Bean
beanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons();
}
这里初始化Bean Factory后,调用 beanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons
方法实例化 lazy-init= false
的单利Bean, DefaultListableBeanFactory#preInstantiateSingletons
源码如下:
@Override
public void preInstantiateSingletons() throws BeansException {
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("Pre-instantiating singletons in " + this);
}
// Iterate over a copy to allow for init methods which in turn register new bean definitions.
// While this may not be part of the regular factory bootstrap, it does otherwise work fine.
//获取到所有Bean的名字
List<String> beanNames = new ArrayList<>(this.beanDefinitionNames);
// Trigger initialization of all non-lazy singleton beans...
for (String beanName : beanNames) {
//获取Bean的BeanDefinition 定义对象
RootBeanDefinition bd = getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(beanName);
//如果不是抽象类,如果是单利,如果lazyInit为false,触发实例化逻辑
if (!bd.isAbstract() && bd.isSingleton() && !bd.isLazyInit()) {
//判断是否是FactoryBean
if (isFactoryBean(beanName)) {
//调用 getBean 方法得到FactoryBean工厂类实例。
//【重要】getBean方法是实例化Bean的核心,后面我们要重点分析这个方法
Object bean = getBean(FACTORY_BEAN_PREFIX + beanName);
//如果是FactoryBean
if (bean instanceof FactoryBean) {
FactoryBean<?> factory = (FactoryBean<?>) bean;
//是否要马上初始化
boolean isEagerInit;
if (System.getSecurityManager() != null && factory instanceof SmartFactoryBean) {
isEagerInit = AccessController.doPrivileged(
(PrivilegedAction<Boolean>) ((SmartFactoryBean<?>) factory)::isEagerInit,
getAccessControlContext());
}
else {
isEagerInit = (factory instanceof SmartFactoryBean &&
((SmartFactoryBean<?>) factory).isEagerInit());
}
if (isEagerInit) {
//【重要】 如果需要马上实例化,就调用getBean方法进行Bean的实例化
getBean(beanName);
}
}
}
else {
//【重要】 如果是普通的单利Bean,就调用getBean方法进行Bean的实例化
getBean(beanName);
}
}
}
// Trigger post-initialization callback for all applicable beans...
// 触发所有的Bean的生命周期方法的 init初始化方法.
for (String beanName : beanNames) {
//获取到单利Bean的实例
Object singletonInstance = getSingleton(beanName);
//判断Bean有没有实现 SmartInitializingSingleton接口,SmartInitializingSingleton是针对单利Bean的初始化接口
if (singletonInstance instanceof SmartInitializingSingleton) {
SmartInitializingSingleton smartSingleton = (SmartInitializingSingleton) singletonInstance;
if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {
AccessController.doPrivileged((PrivilegedAction<Object>) () -> {
smartSingleton.afterSingletonsInstantiated();
return null;
}, getAccessControlContext());
}
else {
//触发afterSingletonsInstantiated方法的调用
smartSingleton.afterSingletonsInstantiated();
}
}
}
}
该方法中先是获取到IOC容器注册的所有的Bean的名字,然后循环拿到每个Bean的BeanDefinition
定义对象,然后做了三个判断:不能是抽象,必须是单利,必须是急切初始化, 如果满足条件再看是普通的Bean还是FactoryBean,最终都会调用 getBean(beanName);
方法,该方法调用 AbstractBeanFactory#doGetBean
该方法创建Bean。
创建好Bean之后,会判断Bean是否实现了 SmartInitializingSingleton
初始化接口,这个是针对单利Bean的初始化接口,然后调用afterSingletonsInstantiated
进行Bean的初始化。
Bean实例化流程图
先上一个流程图,待会儿你可以根据这个图来看代码。
AbstractBeanFactory#doGetBean
protected <T> T doGetBean(
String name, @Nullable Class<T> requiredType, @Nullable Object[] args, boolean typeCheckOnly)
throws BeansException {
//得到Bean的名字,如果指定的是别名,将别名转换为规范的 Bean 名称
String beanName = transformedBeanName(name);
Object bean;
// Eagerly check singleton cache for manually registered singletons.
//从缓存中获取单利的Bean,对于单利只会创建一次,创建好之后就会缓存到map中
//默认情况下Bean都是迫切加载的,在容器启动的过程中就实例化好缓存到Map中
Object sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName);
if (sharedInstance != null && args == null) {
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
//判断bean是否在 singletonsCurrentlyInCreation set集合中,该集合中存储的是正在创建的单利Bean
if (isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {
logger.trace("Returning eagerly cached instance of singleton bean '" + beanName +
"' that is not fully initialized yet - a consequence of a circular reference");
}
else {
logger.trace("Returning cached instance of singleton bean '" + beanName + "'");
}
}
//获取 Bean 实例的对象,主要是完成 FactoryBean 的相关处理
//即:naem是是以 $ 开头 ,就返回FactoryBean工厂
bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(sharedInstance, name, beanName, null);
}
else {
//代码走到这里,说明单利缓存的map中是没有正在创建的bean。
// Fail if we're already creating this bean instance:
// We're assumably within a circular reference.
//如果缓存中没有单利Bean,但是缓存中有一个多利的Bean,目前正在创建,由于循环依赖问题,抛出异常
if (isPrototypeCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {
throw new BeanCurrentlyInCreationException(beanName);
}
// Check if bean definition exists in this factory.
//得到容器IOC工厂
BeanFactory parentBeanFactory = getParentBeanFactory();
//通过beanName检查,如果容器中不包含这个Bean
//如果容器中没有Bean,沿着继承体系交给父级去找
if (parentBeanFactory != null && !containsBeanDefinition(beanName)) {
// Not found -> check parent.
//得到Bean的原始名字,将别名解析为规范名称
String nameToLookup = originalBeanName(name);
if (parentBeanFactory instanceof AbstractBeanFactory) {
//根据名字,类型,参数找Bean
return ((AbstractBeanFactory) parentBeanFactory).doGetBean(
nameToLookup, requiredType, args, typeCheckOnly);
}
else if (args != null) {
//委托父工厂去找Bean , 根据名字和参数
// Delegation to parent with explicit args.
return (T) parentBeanFactory.getBean(nameToLookup, args);
}
else if (requiredType != null) {
// 无参数 -> 委托给标准的 getBean 方法,根据名字和类型
// No args -> delegate to standard getBean method.
return parentBeanFactory.getBean(nameToLookup, requiredType);
}
else {
//根据名字找Bean
return (T) parentBeanFactory.getBean(nameToLookup);
}
}
//创建Bean是否要类型检查
if (!typeCheckOnly) {
//标记Bean被创建
markBeanAsCreated(beanName);
}
try {
//合并Bean,主要解决Bean继承时子类和父类的公共属性
RootBeanDefinition mbd = getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(beanName);
checkMergedBeanDefinition(mbd, beanName, args);
// Guarantee initialization of beans that the current bean depends on.
//保证当前 bean 所依赖的 bean 的初始化。
String[] dependsOn = mbd.getDependsOn();
//如果当前Bean依赖了其他Bean
if (dependsOn != null) {
for (String dep : dependsOn) {
//
if (isDependent(beanName, dep)) {
throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
"Circular depends-on relationship between '" + beanName + "' and '" + dep + "'");
}
//为给定的 bean 注册一个依赖 bean
registerDependentBean(dep, beanName);
try {
//递归,从容器中获取依赖的Bean
getBean(dep);
}
catch (NoSuchBeanDefinitionException ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
"'" + beanName + "' depends on missing bean '" + dep + "'", ex);
}
}
}
// Create bean instance.
//创建单利Bean
if (mbd.isSingleton()) {
//根据Bean名字获取单利Bean,这里是真正创建Bean的地方,通过ObjectFactory创建
//这里是匿名内部类
sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName, () -> {
try {
//创建Bean
return createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
}
catch (BeansException ex) {
// Explicitly remove instance from singleton cache: It might have been put there
// eagerly by the creation process, to allow for circular reference resolution.
// Also remove any beans that received a temporary reference to the bean.
//销毁实例,从缓存的map中清除单利Bean
destroySingleton(beanName);
throw ex;
}
});
//返回bean实例,主要处理FactoryBean相关
bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(sharedInstance, name, beanName, mbd);
}
//如果是多利
else if (mbd.isPrototype()) {
// It's a prototype -> create a new instance.
//如果是prototype模式,每次都会创建新的实例
Object prototypeInstance = null;
try {
beforePrototypeCreation(beanName);
//创建指定 Bean 对象实例 ,如果是prototype模式,每次都会创建新的实例
prototypeInstance = createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
}
finally {
//默认实现将原型标记为不再创建
afterPrototypeCreation(beanName);
}
//返回bean实例,主要处理FactoryBean相关
bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(prototypeInstance, name, beanName, mbd);
}
else {
String scopeName = mbd.getScope();
//如果不是单利,不是多利,Bean没有 scope属性,则不合法
if (!StringUtils.hasLength(scopeName)) {
throw new IllegalStateException("No scope name defined for bean ´" + beanName + "'");
}
Scope scope = this.scopes.get(scopeName);
if (scope == null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("No Scope registered for scope name '" + scopeName + "'");
}
try {
Object scopedInstance = scope.get(beanName, () -> {
beforePrototypeCreation(beanName);
try {
return createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
}
finally {
afterPrototypeCreation(beanName);
}
});
bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(scopedInstance, name, beanName, mbd);
}
catch (IllegalStateException ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(beanName,
"Scope '" + scopeName + "' is not active for the current thread; consider " +
"defining a scoped proxy for this bean if you intend to refer to it from a singleton",
ex);
}
}
}
catch (BeansException ex) {
cleanupAfterBeanCreationFailure(beanName);
throw ex;
}
}
//检查所需类型是否与实际 bean 实例的类型匹配。
// Check if required type matches the type of the actual bean instance.
if (requiredType != null && !requiredType.isInstance(bean)) {
try {
T convertedBean = getTypeConverter().convertIfNecessary(bean, requiredType);
if (convertedBean == null) {
throw new BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException(name, requiredType, bean.getClass());
}
return convertedBean;
}
catch (TypeMismatchException ex) {
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("Failed to convert bean '" + name + "' to required type '" +
ClassUtils.getQualifiedName(requiredType) + "'", ex);
}
throw new BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException(name, requiredType, bean.getClass());
}
}
return (T) bean;
}
上面这个方法中代码量有点多,这里做一下总结
-
transformedBeanName(name):转换Bean的名字,如果传入的name是别名需要找到真实的Bean的名字,如果传入的name是FactoryBean,比如“&bean” ,要去掉 “&”。
-
getSingleton(name):从缓存中查找Bean(ConcurrentHashMap中),单利Bean只会在容器中创建一次,后续都从缓存中加载,如果缓存中没有就就会进行创建。默认情况下Bean都是迫切创建的,即在容器启动的过程中就会根据BeaDefinition创建好Bean的实例存储到缓存中。
在创建单利Bean的时候会存在依赖注入的情况,为了解决循环依赖(A依赖B,B依赖A),在创建Bean的时候会提前将ObjectFactory 加入缓存,如果下个Bean创建时需要依赖上一个Bean就会直接使用ObejctFactory(后面讲循环依赖) -
createBean :Bean的实例化,从BeanDefinition的缓存中获取当前Bean的BeanDefinition定义对象,根据BeanDefinition进行Bean的创建。如果是通过工厂Bea 方式实例化,则需要得到工厂Bean中的factory-method方法返回的的Bean的实例,通过getObjectForBeanInstance 处理的。
-
isPrototypeCurrentlyInCreation:Prototype依赖检查,单利情况下才会解决循环依赖,如果A中依赖了B,B中依赖了A,在创建依赖的时候就会产生循环依赖。
-
如果是多利Bean直接走createBean创建一个新的Bean
DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry#getSingleton(String, ObjectFactory)
对于 getSingleton从缓存中获取单利Bean的方法,这里有两个重载方法第一个方法是在 Object sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName)
;
时候调用,源码如下:
//allowEarlyReference :是否创建早期应用,主要用来解决循环依赖
@Nullable
protected Object getSingleton(String beanName, boolean allowEarlyReference) {
// Quick check for existing instance without full singleton lock
//从Map中 singletonObjects = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(256); 获取单利Bean
//singletonObject缓存中是否有Bean
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