ZeroMQ C++案例
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ZeroMQ是一个跨平台、开源的消息内核，支持Request/Response、Publish/Subscribe、Push/Pull这3种通信模型，同时，也是一个嵌入式库，它封装了网络通信、消息队列、线程调度等功能，向上层提供简洁的API，应用程序通过加载库文件，调用API函数来实现高性能网络通信。
下面，介绍在Win10上，使用VS2013进行ZeroMQ通信的案例。
1、下载ZeroMQ v4.3.4
1.1 下载库文件
这里下载ZeroMQ已经编译好的库文件:
libzmq-v120-4_3_4.zip 官网地址：https://github.com/zeromq/libzmq/releases/download/v4.3.4/libzmq-v120-4_3_4.zip
libzmq-v120-4_3_4.zip 个人地址： https://pan.baidu.com/s/1Png7BsIUd6kHXAlLCnRjLA 提取码：fiaj
这个库文件是Win10 X86 32位的，那么创建工程时，需要选择Win32类型的工程。
1.2 新建文件夹libzmq
a) 新建一个文件夹名称为libzmq，然后在libzmq里再新建2个文件夹，名称分别为include和lib，其中 include用于存放头文件，lib用于存放*.dll、*.lib文件。
b) 将libzmq-v120-4_3_4.zip里的如下4个文件，拷贝libzmq\\lib里，
libsodium.dll
libzmq-v120-mt-4_3_4.dll
libzmq-v120-mt-4_3_4.lib
libzmq-v120-mt-s-4_3_4.lib
c) 将libzmq-v120-4_3_4.zip里的zmq.h，拷贝到libzmq\\include里；
d) 新建一个文件名称为zhelpers.h，其内容如下：
//zhelper.hs
/* =====================================================================
zhelpers.h
Helper header file for example applications.
=====================================================================
*/
#ifndef __ZHELPERS_H_INCLUDED__
#define __ZHELPERS_H_INCLUDED__
// Include a bunch of headers that we will need in the examples
#include <zmq.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
// #if (!defined (WIN32))
// # include <sys/time.h>
// #endif
// #if (defined (WIN32))
// # include <windows.h>
// #endif
#ifndef WIN32
#define WIN32 1
#endif
#pragma warning(disable:4996)
#ifdef WIN32
#include <windows.h>
#else
#include <sys/time.h>
#endif
// Version checking, and patch up missing constants to match 2.1
#if ZMQ_VERSION_MAJOR == 2
# error "Please upgrade to ZeroMQ/3.2 for these examples"
#endif
// On some version of Windows, POSIX subsystem is not installed by default.
// So define srandom and random ourself.
#if (defined (WIN32))
# define srandom srand
# define random rand
#endif
// Provide random number from 0..(num-1)
#define randof(num) (int) ((float) (num) * random () / (RAND_MAX + 1.0))
// Receive 0MQ string from socket and convert into C string
// Caller must free returned string. Returns NULL if the context
// is being terminated.
static char *
s_recv (void *socket) {
enum { cap = 256 };
char buffer [cap];
int size = zmq_recv (socket, buffer, cap - 1, 0);
if (size == -1)
return NULL;
buffer[size < cap ? size : cap - 1] = '\\0';
#if (defined (WIN32))
return _strdup (buffer);
#else
return strndup (buffer, sizeof(buffer) - 1);
#endif
// remember that the strdup family of functions use malloc/alloc for space for the new string. It must be manually
// freed when you are done with it. Failure to do so will allow a heap attack.
}
// Convert C string to 0MQ string and send to socket
static int
s_send (void *socket, char *string) {
int size = zmq_send (socket, string, strlen (string), 0);
return size;
}
// Sends string as 0MQ string, as multipart non-terminal
static int
s_sendmore (void *socket, char *string) {
int size = zmq_send (socket, string, strlen (string), ZMQ_SNDMORE);
return size;
}
// Receives all message parts from socket, prints neatly
//
static void
s_dump (void *socket)
{
int rc;
zmq_msg_t message;
rc = zmq_msg_init (&message);
assert (rc == 0);
puts ("----------------------------------------");
// Process all parts of the message
do {
int size = zmq_msg_recv (&message, socket, 0);
assert (size >= 0);
// Dump the message as text or binary
char *data = (char*)zmq_msg_data (&message);
assert (data != 0);
int is_text = 1;
int char_nbr;
for (char_nbr = 0; char_nbr < size; char_nbr++) {
if ((unsigned char) data [char_nbr] < 32
|| (unsigned char) data [char_nbr] > 126) {
is_text = 0;
}
}
printf ("[%03d] ", size);
for (char_nbr = 0; char_nbr < size; char_nbr++) {
if (is_text) {
printf ("%c", data [char_nbr]);
} else {
printf ("%02X", (unsigned char) data [char_nbr]);
}
}
printf ("\\n");
} while (zmq_msg_more (&message));
rc = zmq_msg_close (&message);
assert (rc == 0);
}
#if (!defined (WIN32))
// Set simple random printable identity on socket
// Caution:
// DO NOT call this version of s_set_id from multiple threads on MS Windows
// since s_set_id will call rand() on MS Windows. rand(), however, is not
// reentrant or thread-safe. See issue #521.
static void
s_set_id (void *socket)
{
char identity [10];
sprintf (identity, "%04X-%04X", randof (0x10000), randof (0x10000));
zmq_setsockopt (socket, ZMQ_IDENTITY, identity, strlen (identity));
}
#else
// Fix #521 for MS Windows.
static void
s_set_id(void *socket, intptr_t id)
{
char identity [10];
sprintf(identity, "%04X", (int)id);
zmq_setsockopt(socket, ZMQ_IDENTITY, identity, strlen(identity));
}
#endif
// Sleep for a number of milliseconds
static void
s_sleep (int msecs)
{
#if (defined (WIN32))
Sleep (msecs);
#else
struct timespec t;
t.tv_sec = msecs / 1000;
t.tv_nsec = (msecs % 1000) * 1000000;
nanosleep (&t, NULL);
#endif
}
// Return current system clock as milliseconds
static int64_t
s_clock (void)
{
#if (defined (WIN32))
SYSTEMTIME st;
GetSystemTime (&st);
return (int64_t) st.wSecond * 1000 + st.wMilliseconds;
#else
struct timeval tv;
gettimeofday (&tv, NULL);
return (int64_t) (tv.tv_sec * 1000 + tv.tv_usec / 1000);
#endif
}
// Print formatted string to stdout, prefixed by date/time and
// terminated with a newline.
static void
s_console (const char *format, ...)
{
time_t curtime = time (NULL);
struct tm *loctime = localtime (&curtime);
char *formatted = (char*)malloc (20);
strftime (formatted, 20, "%y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S ", loctime);
printf ("%s", formatted);
free (formatted);
va_list argptr;
va_start (argptr, format);
vprintf (format, argptr);
va_end (argptr);
printf ("\\n");
}
#endif // __ZHELPERS_H_INCLUDED__
然后，将zhelpers.h拷贝libzmq\\include文件夹里，具体如下：
2、创建解决方案
这里在VS2013中创建1个空的解决方案名称为ZeroBase，然后，在这个解决方案中添加一个新的工程:ZeroTwo，这样就有2个工程。
工程路径为:E:\\MyProject\\vs2013Doc\\Unit01\\Chap01\\ZeroBase
2.1 创建工程
a) 打开VS2013，创建一个空工程名称为ZeroBase，然后，右击ZeroBase解决方案 --> 添加一个新工程名称为ZeroTwo，如图(2)、图(3)、图(4)所示。
b) 拷贝libzmq到解决方案ZeroBase里
将第1步组装好的libzmq拷贝到E:\\MyProject\\vs2013Doc\\Unit01\\Chap01\\ZeroBase路径下，最后的目录结构为：
2.2 配置工程
这里以ZeroBase工程进行说明。
a) 设置工程的include、reference、lib目录
include目录
$(ProjectDir)..\\libzmq\\include;$(IncludePath)
reference目录
$(ProjectDir)..\\libzmq\\lib;$(ReferencePath)
lib目录
$(ProjectDir)..\\libzmq\\lib;$(LibraryPath)
如下所示：
b) 设置工程的预处理宏
在 【配置属性】—>C/C++ -->预处理器 --> 预处理定义 --> 添加如下2个宏:
ZMQ_STATIC
ZMQ_USE_TWEETNACL
c) 设置工程里链接器的依赖库
在 【配置属性】—>C/C++ --> 代码生成 --> 运行库 --》 选中 多线程(MT)，如图所示。
d) 设置工程的运行库
在 【配置属性】—>链接器 -->输入 —>附加依赖项–> 添加如下3个lib
wsock32.lib
ws2_32.lib
Iphlpapi.lib
如下图所示。
同理，ZeroTwo工程，也需要设置这4个配置。
3、编写代码
3.1 hwServer服务端
ZeroBase作为服务端，提供服务。
//E:\\MyProject\\vs2013Doc\\Unit01\\Chap01\\ZeroBase\\ZeroBase\\hwServver.cpp
#pragma comment(lib, "libzmq-v120-mt-4_3_4.lib")
#include <zmq.h>
#include <Windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <assert.h>
int main(void)
{
/* Socket to talk to clients */
void *context = zmq_ctx_new();
void *responder = zmq_socket(context, ZMQ_REP);
int rc = zmq_bind(responder, "tcp://*:5555");
assert(rc == 0);
while (1) {
char buffer[10];
memset(buffer, 0x00, sizeof(buffer));
rc = zmq_recv(responder, buffer, 10, 0);
//buffer[rc]=0;
printf("Server Recv: [%s] space=%d\\n", buffer, rc);
Sleep(1); // Do some 'work'
zmq_send(responder, "World", 9, 0);
printf("Server Send: [world]\\n");
}
return 0;
}
按Ctrl+Shift+B 编译ZeroBase工程。
3.2 hwClient客户端
ZeroTwo作为客户端，发送请求。
//E:\\MyProject\\vs2013Doc\\Unit01\\Chap01\\ZeroBase\\ZeroTwo\\hwClient.cpp
#pragma comment(lib, "libzmq-v120-mt-4_3_4.lib")
#include <zmq.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(void)
{
printf("=== Connecting to ZeroMQ Server ===\\r\\n");
void* context = zmq_ctx_new();
void* client = zmq_socket(context, ZMQ_REQ);
zmq_connect(client, "tcp://localhost:5555");
char buffer[10] = { 0 };
int request_nbr = 0;
for (request_nbr = 0; request_nbr < 1; request_nbr++)
{
zmq_send(client, "hello", 9, 0);
printf("Client Send: [hello]\\n");
memset(buffer, 0x00, 10);
zmq_recv(client, buffer, 10, 0);
printf("Client Recv: [%s]\\n", buffer);
}
zmq_close(client);
zmq_ctx_destroy(context);
system("pause");
return 0;
}
按Ctrl+Shift+B 编译ZeroTwo工程。
3.2 拷贝dll到Release
将libzmq-v120-mt-4_3_4.dll、libsodium.dll拷贝到【解决方案】\\Release路径，先双击ZeroBase.exe，后双击ZeroTwo.exe，效果如下：
4、完整工程
ZeroBase完整工程链接： https://pan.baidu.com/s/1ze36oOUjQQgYeK_BTpNAMg 提取码：m2zl
需要的libzmq v4.3.4 链接： https://pan.baidu.com/s/15r6QnyKHVsSXhs__V7gOWw 提取码：hj6y
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