httpd的虚拟主机功能

Posted 2021-07-18 人间忽晚，山河以秋

配置http的默认虚拟主机

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一、基于主机域名的虚拟主机

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一台服务器可以访问多个网站，每个网站都是一个虚拟主机。
概念：域名（主机名）、DNS、解析域名、hosts
任何一个域名解析到这台机器，都可以访问的虚拟主机就是默认虚拟主机（这里以一个域名为例，一个域名对应一个首页文件，配置多个域名对应不同的首页文件）
1、编辑主配置文件

[root@shell html]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
#在配置文件的下面加入以下内容（这是一个虚拟主机的配置）
<VirtualHost 10.30.59.219>    # IP地址为你系统的地址
 DocumentRoot "/var/www"             # 目录为存放首页文件的目录
 ServerName "www.http.com"         # 你想使用的域名
<Directory "/var/www">             #目录为存放首页文件的目录
 AllowOverride None   
 Require all granted   
</directory>    
</VirtualHost>

2、配置域名解析文件，把ip地址和域名关联在一起（对个域名则在后面加上）

[root@shell html]# vim /etc/hosts
#加入以下内容
10.30.59.219 www.hello.com

3、为了能看出效果，我们修改以下首页文件。使网页显示welcome

[root@shell ]#echo "welcome">/var/www/html/index.html

4、测试以下

[root@shell html]# curl www.hello.com
welcome 

因为这个域名解析实在搭建http的Linux系统里写的，所以在Windows浏览器是不能浏览到，如果想要实现同样的结果要在Windows系统的hosts文件里加入地址和域名

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二、基于IP地址的虚拟主机

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一台服务器，设置多个ip

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ls
ifcfg-ens192      ifdown-sit       ifup-plusb
ifcfg-ens192.bak  ifdown-Team      ifup-post
ifcfg-lo          ifdown-TeamPort  ifup-ppp
ifdown            ifdown-tunnel    ifup-routes
ifdown-bnep       ifup             ifup-sit
ifdown-eth        ifup-aliases     ifup-Team
ifdown-ippp       ifup-bnep        ifup-TeamPort
ifdown-ipv6       ifup-eth         ifup-tunnel
ifdown-isdn       ifup-ippp        ifup-wireless
ifdown-post       ifup-ipv6        init.ipv6-global
ifdown-ppp        ifup-isdn        network-functions
ifdown-routes     ifup-plip        network-functions-ipv6
[root@localhost network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-ens192 ifcfg-ens192\\:1      # 复制网卡成ifcfg-ens192:1
[root@localhost network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-ens192:1  # 编辑该网卡文件
TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=static
DEFROUTE=yes
NAME=ens192
DEVICE=ens192:1    # 对应网卡名
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=10.30.59.249   # 改一个地址
NETMASK=255.255.255.128
GATEWAY=10.30.59.129
DNS1=114.114.114.114
~                                                            
~                                                            
~                                                                                                             
~                                                                                                         
~                                                            
~                                                            
~                                                            
"ifcfg-ens192:1" 12L, 203C 已写入          
[root@localhost network-scripts]# systemctl restart network    # 重启网络
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ip a   # 看看是否有该网卡
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens192: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:50:56:a0:b7:0c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.30.59.248/25 brd 10.30.59.255 scope global noprefixroute ens192
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 10.30.59.249/25 brd 10.30.59.255 scope global secondary noprefixroute ens192:1
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::250:56ff:fea0:b70c/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default 
    link/ether 02:42:c9:62:89:95 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ping 10.30.59.249   #测试连通性
PING 10.30.59.249 (10.30.59.249) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.30.59.249: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.085 ms
64 bytes from 10.30.59.249: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.054 ms
64 bytes from 10.30.59.249: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.054 ms
^C
--- 10.30.59.249 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 1999ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.054/0.064/0.085/0.016 ms      

加入了三个ip，测试以下连通性，都可以通

[root@localhost ~]# ping 10.30.59.248
PING 10.30.59.248 (10.30.59.248) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.30.59.248: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.085 ms
64 bytes from 10.30.59.248: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.054 ms
^C
--- 10.30.59.248 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1000ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.054/0.069/0.085/0.017 ms
[root@localhost ~]# ping 10.30.59.249
PING 10.30.59.249 (10.30.59.249) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.30.59.249: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.063 ms
64 bytes from 10.30.59.249: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.062 ms
^C
--- 10.30.59.249 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 999ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.062/0.062/0.063/0.007 ms
[root@localhost ~]# ping 10.30.59.250
PING 10.30.59.250 (10.30.59.250) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.30.59.250: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.051 ms
64 bytes from 10.30.59.250: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.059 ms
64 bytes from 10.30.59.250: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.058 ms
^C
--- 10.30.59.250 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2000ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.051/0.056/0.059/0.003 ms

进入网站数据目录，创建不同地址对应的不同首页文件

[root@localhost ]# cd /var/www
[root@localhost www]# ls
cgi-bin  html
[root@localhost www]# cd html

在html目录下创建三个目录，是每一个地址对应的首页数据目录，这里为了好识别，我使用以地址最后一段为目录名

[root@localhost html]# mkdir 248 249 250
[root@localhost html]# ls
248  249  250

然后分别创建首页文件，效果就是网页上显示对应地址的ip

[root@localhost html]# echo "ip:10.30.59.248" > 248/index.html
[root@localhost html]# echo "ip:10.30.59.249" > 249/index.html
[root@localhost html]# echo "ip:10.30.59.250" > 250/index.html

然后配置服务主配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf 
# files.  This usually improves server performance, but must
# be turned off when serving from networked-mounted 
# filesystems or if support for these functions is otherwise
# broken on your system.
# Defaults if commented: EnableMMAP On, EnableSendfile Off
#
#EnableMMAP off
EnableSendfile on

# Supplemental configuration
#
# Load config files in the "/etc/httpd/conf.d" directory, if 
any.
IncludeOptional conf.d/*.conf
<VirtualHost 10.30.59.248>
 DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/248"
 ServerName "www.local.com"
<Directory "/var/www/html/248">
 AllowOverride None
 Require all granted
</directory>
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost 10.30.59.249>
 DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/249"
 ServerName "www.local.com"
<Directory "/var/www/html/249">
 AllowOverride None
 Require all granted
</directory>
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost 10.30.59.250>
 DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/250"
 ServerName "www.local.com"
<Directory "/var/www/html/250">
 AllowOverride None
 Require all granted
</directory>
</VirtualHost>

然后重启服务

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart httpd

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