SaltStack之配置管理

Posted 2021-07-16 码出未来_远

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SaltStack之配置管理

YAML语言
用SaltStack配置一个apache实例
2.1 在Master上部署sls配置文件并执行
2.2 在Minion上检查
top file
3.1 top file介绍
3.2 高级状态highstate的使用
YAML语言
YAML是一种直观的能够被电脑识别的数据序列化格式，是一个可读性高并且容易被人类阅读，容易和脚本语言交互，用来表达资料序列的编程语言。

它类似于标准通用标记语言的子集XML的数据描述语言，语法比XML简单很多。

YAML语言的格式如下：

house:
family:
name: Doe
parents:
- John
- Jane
children:
- Paul
- Mark
- Simone
address:
number: 34
street: Main Street
city: Nowheretown
zipcode: 12345
YAML的基本规则：

使用缩进来表示层级关系，每层2个空格，禁止使用TAB键
当冒号不是处于最后时，冒号后面必须有一个空格
用 - 表示列表，- 的后面必须有一个空格
用 # 表示注释
YAML配置文件要放到SaltStack让我们放的位置，可以在SaltStack的 Master 配置文件中查找file_roots即可看到。

[root@master ~]# vim /etc/salt/master
…此处省略N行
file_roots:
base:
- /srv/salt/base
test:
- /srv/salt/test
dev:
- /srv/salt/dev
prod:
- /srv/salt/prod
…此处省略N行

[root@master ~]# mkdir -p /srv/salt/{base,test,dev,prod}
[root@master ~]# tree /srv/salt/
/srv/salt/
├── base
├── dev
├── prod
└── test

4 directories, 0 files
[root@master ~]# systemctl restart salt-master
需要注意：

base是默认的位置，如果file_roots只有一个，则base是必备的且必须叫base，不能改名
2. 用SaltStack配置一个apache实例
2.1 在Master上部署sls配置文件并执行
[root@master ~]# cd /srv/salt/base/
[root@master base]# ls
[root@master base]# mkdir -p web/apache
[root@master base]# tree web
web
└── apache

1 directory, 0 files

[root@master base]# cd web/apache/
[root@master apache]# touch apache.sls //生成一个状态描述文件
[root@master apache]# ll
总用量 0
-rw-r–r--. 1 root root 0 2月 19 19:25 apache.sls

[root@master apache]# vim apache.sls
apache-install:
pkg.installed:
- name: httpd

apache-service:
service.running:
- name: httpd
- enable: True

// YAML 配置文件中顶格写的被称作ID，必须全局唯一，不能重复
// SaltStack 读 YAML 配置文件时是从上往下读，所以要把先执行的写在前面

[root@master ~]# ls /srv/salt/base/web/apache/
apache.sls
//执行状态描述文件
[root@master ~]# salt ‘192.168.69.202’ state.sls web.apache.apache saltenv=base
192.168.69.202:

      ID: apache-install
Function: pkg.installed
    Name: httpd
  Result: True
 Comment: The following packages were installed/updated: httpd
 Started: 20:01:54.224738
Duration: 46294.423 ms
 Changes:
          ----------
          apr:
              ----------
              new:
                  1.4.8-3.el7_4.1
              old:
          apr-util:
              ----------
              new:
                  1.5.2-6.el7
              old:
          httpd:
              ----------
              new:
                  2.4.6-88.el7.centos
              old:
          httpd-tools:
              ----------
              new:
                  2.4.6-88.el7.centos
              old:
          mailcap:
              ----------
              new:
                  2.1.41-2.el7
              old:

      ID: apache-service
Function: service.running
    Name: httpd
  Result: True
 Comment: Service httpd has been enabled, and is running
 Started: 20:02:42.295530
Duration: 6926.009 ms
 Changes:
          ----------
          httpd:
              True

Summary for 192.168.69.202

Succeeded: 2 (changed=2)
Failed: 0

Total states run: 2
Total run time: 53.220 s
2.2 在Minion上检查
[root@minion ~]# systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since 二 2019-02-19 20:02:48 CST; 6min ago
Docs: man:httpd(8)
man:apachectl(8)
Main PID: 84162 (httpd)
Status: “Total requests: 0; Current requests/sec: 0; Current traffic: 0 B/sec”
CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
├─84162 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
├─84168 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
├─84169 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
├─84170 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
├─84171 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
└─84172 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

2月 19 20:02:42 minion systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server…
2月 19 20:02:43 minion httpd[84162]: AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server’s fully qualifie…essage
2月 19 20:02:48 minion systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
由以上内容可知apache确实已部署成功。

执行状态文件的技巧：

先用test.ping测试需要执行状态文件的主机是否能正常通信，然后再执行状态文件
3. top file
3.1 top file介绍
直接通过命令执行sls文件时够自动化吗？答案是否定的，因为我们还要告诉某台主机要执行某个任务，自动化应该是我们让它干活时，它自己就知道哪台主机要干什么活，但是直接通过命令执行sls文件并不能达到这个目的，为了解决这个问题，top file 应运而生。

top file就是一个入口，top file的文件名可通过在 Master的配置文件中搜索top.sls找出，且此文件必须在 base 环境中，默认情况下此文件必须叫top.sls。

top file的作用就是告诉对应的主机要干什么活，比如让web服务器启动web服务，让数据库服务器安装mysql等等。

top file 实例：

[root@master ~]# cd /srv/salt/base/
[root@master base]# ls
web
[root@master base]# vim top.sls
base: //要执行状态文件的环境
‘192.168.69.202’: //要执行状态文件的目标
- web.apache.apache //要执行的状态文件

//停止minion的httpd
[root@minion ~]# systemctl stop httpd

[root@master base]# cd
[root@master ~]# salt ‘*’ state.highstate //使用高级状态来执行
192.168.69.201:

      ID: states
Function: no.None
  Result: False
 Comment: No Top file or master_tops data matches found.    //在top file里没找到它要干啥
 Changes:

Summary for 192.168.69.201

Succeeded: 0
Failed: 1

Total states run: 1
Total run time: 0.000 ms
192.168.69.202:

      ID: apache-install
Function: pkg.installed
    Name: httpd
  Result: True
 Comment: All specified packages are already installed
 Started: 14:39:39.373195
Duration: 1207.756 ms
 Changes:

      ID: apache-service
Function: service.running
    Name: httpd
  Result: True
 Comment: Service httpd is already enabled, and is running
 Started: 14:39:40.582298
Duration: 636.999 ms
 Changes:
          ----------
          httpd:
              True

Summary for 192.168.69.202

Succeeded: 2 (changed=1)
Failed: 0

Total states run: 2
Total run time: 1.845 s
ERROR: Minions returned with non-zero exit code

//查看minion的httpd状态
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since 三 2019-02-20 14:39:41 CST; 1min 10s ago
Docs: man:httpd(8)
man:apachectl(8)
Process: 11071 ExecStop=/bin/kill -WINCH ${MAINPID} (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 11138 (httpd)
Status: “Total requests: 0; Current requests/sec: 0; Current traffic: 0 B/sec”
CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
├─11138 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
├─11139 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
├─11140 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
├─11141 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
├─11143 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
└─11144 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

2月 20 14:39:40 minion systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server…
2月 20 14:39:41 minion httpd[11138]: AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server’s fully …ssage
2月 20 14:39:41 minion systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
注意：

若top file里面的目标是用 * 表示的，要注意的是，top file里面的 * 表示的是所有要执行状态的目标，而 salt ‘*’ state.highstate 里面的 * 表示通知所有机器干活，而是否要干活则是由top file来指定的

3.2 高级状态highstate的使用
管理SaltStack时一般最常用的管理操作就是执行高级状态

[root@master ~]# salt ‘*’ state.highstate //生产环境禁止这样使用salt命令
注意：
上面让所有人执行高级状态，但实际工作当中，一般不会这么用，工作当中一般都是通知某台或某些台目标主机来执行高级状态，具体是否执行则是由top file来决定的。

若在执行高级状态时加上参数test=True，则它会告诉我们它将会做什么，但是它不会真的去执行这个操作。

//停掉minon上的httpd服务
[root@minion ~]# systemctl stop httpd
[root@minion ~]# systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: inactive (dead) since 三 2019-02-20 14:58:04 CST; 22s ago
Docs: man:httpd(8)
man:apachectl(8)
Process: 12401 ExecStop=/bin/kill -WINCH ${MAINPID} (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 11138 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/httpd $OPTIONS -DFOREGROUND (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 11138 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Status: “Total requests: 0; Current requests/sec: 0; Current traffic: 0 B/sec”

2月 20 14:39:40 minion systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server…
2月 20 14:39:41 minion httpd[11138]: AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server’s fully …ssage
2月 20 14:39:41 minion systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.
2月 20 14:58:03 minion systemd[1]: Stopping The Apache HTTP Server…
2月 20 14:58:04 minion systemd[1]: Stopped The Apache HTTP Server.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

//在master上执行高级状态的测试
[root@master ~]# salt ‘192.168.69.202’ state.highstate test=True
192.168.69.202:

      ID: apache-install
Function: pkg.installed
    Name: httpd
  Result: True
 Comment: All specified packages are already installed
 Started: 14:58:50.450451
Duration: 1055.942 ms
 Changes:

      ID: apache-service
Function: service.running
    Name: httpd
  Result: None
 Comment: Service httpd is set to start     //将会启动httpd
 Started: 14:58:51.508031
Duration: 57.505 ms
 Changes:

Summary for 192.168.69.202

Succeeded: 2 (unchanged=1)
Failed: 0

Total states run: 2
Total run time: 1.113 s

//在minion上查看httpd是否启动
[root@minion ~]# systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: inactive (dead) since 三 2019-02-20 14:58:04 CST; 2min 27s ago
Docs: man:httpd(8)
man:apachectl(8)
Process: 12401 ExecStop=/bin/kill -WINCH ${MAINPID} (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 11138 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/httpd $OPTIONS -DFOREGROUND (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 11138 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Status: “Total requests: 0; Current requests/sec: 0; Current traffic: 0 B/sec”

2月 20 14:39:40 minion systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server…
2月 20 14:39:41 minion httpd[11138]: AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server’s fully …ssage
2月 20 14:39:41 minion systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.
2月 20 14:58:03 minion systemd[1]: Stopping The Apache HTTP Server…
2月 20 14:58:04 minion systemd[1]: Stopped The Apache HTTP Server.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

//由此可见高级状态并没有执行，因为httpd并没有启动

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[root@master ~]# ls /srv/salt/base/web/apache/ apache.sls //执行状态描述文件 [root@master ~]# salt ‘192.168.69.202’ state.sls web.apache.apache saltenv=base 192.168.69.202:

Summary for 192.168.69.202

Succeeded: 2 (changed=2) Failed: 0

[root@master base]# cd [root@master ~]# salt ‘*’ state.highstate //使用高级状态来执行 192.168.69.201:

Summary for 192.168.69.201

Succeeded: 0 Failed: 1

Total states run: 1 Total run time: 0.000 ms 192.168.69.202:

Summary for 192.168.69.202

Succeeded: 2 (changed=1) Failed: 0

//在master上执行高级状态的测试 [root@master ~]# salt ‘192.168.69.202’ state.highstate test=True 192.168.69.202:

Summary for 192.168.69.202

Succeeded: 2 (unchanged=1) Failed: 0

[root@master ~]# ls /srv/salt/base/web/apache/
apache.sls
//执行状态描述文件
[root@master ~]# salt ‘192.168.69.202’ state.sls web.apache.apache saltenv=base
192.168.69.202:

Succeeded: 2 (changed=2)
Failed: 0

[root@master base]# cd
[root@master ~]# salt ‘*’ state.highstate //使用高级状态来执行
192.168.69.201:

Succeeded: 0
Failed: 1

Total states run: 1
Total run time: 0.000 ms
192.168.69.202:

Succeeded: 2 (changed=1)
Failed: 0

//在master上执行高级状态的测试
[root@master ~]# salt ‘192.168.69.202’ state.highstate test=True
192.168.69.202:

Succeeded: 2 (unchanged=1)
Failed: 0