Part3-2-1 Vue.js 源码剖析-首次渲染过程

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Vue 源码的获取

项目地址:https://github.com/vuejs/vue
3.0 项目地址:https://github.com/vuejs/vue-next

源码目录结构

src
  ├─compiler  编译相关,将模板转换成render函数,render函数会帮助我们创建虚拟DOM
  ├─core  Vue 核心库
  ├─platforms  平台相关代码 
  ├─server  SSR,服务端渲染
  ├─sfc  .vue 文件编译为 js 对象 
  └─shared  公共的代码

了解 Flow

官网:https://flow.org/
javascript 的静态类型检查器
Flow 的静态类型检查错误是通过静态类型推断实现的

文件开头通过 // @flow 或者 /* @flow */ 声明

/* @flow */
function square(n: number): number {
  return n * n;
}
square("2"); // Error!

调试设置

打包
打包工具 Rollup
Vue.js 源码的打包工具使用的是 Rollup ,比 Webpack 轻量
Webpack 把所有文件当做模块, Rollup 只处理 js 文件更适合在 Vue.js 这样的库中使用
Rollup 打包不会生成冗余的代码
安装依赖
npm i
设置 sourcemap
package.json 文件中的 dev 脚本中添加参数 --sourcemap
"dev": "rollup -w -c scripts/config.js --sourcemap --environment TARGET:web- full-dev"
执行 dev
npm run dev 执行打包,用的是 rollup -w 参数是监听文件的变化,文件变化自动重新打包

调试

examples 的示例中引入的 vue.min.js 改为 vue.js
打开 Chrome 的调试工具中的 source

找到入口文件

Vue 的不同构建版本

npm run build 重新打包所有文件
官方文档 - 对不同构建版本的解释
术语
完整版 :同时包含 编译器 运行时 的版本。
编译器 :用来将模板字符串编译成为 JavaScript 渲染函数的代码,体积大、效率低。
运行时 :用来创建 Vue 实例、渲染并处理虚拟 DOM 等的代码,体积小、效率高。基本上就是除
去编译器的代码。
UMD UMD 版本 通用的模块版本 ,支持多种模块方式。 vue.js 默认文件就是运行时 + 编译器的
UMD 版本
CommonJS (cjs) CommonJS 版本用来配合老的打包工具比如 Browserify webpack 1
ES Module :从 2.6 开始 Vue 会提供两个 ES Modules (ESM) 构建文件,为现代打包工具提供的
版本。
ESM 格式被设计为可以被静态分析,所以打包工具可以利用这一点来进行 “tree-shaking”
将用不到的代码排除出最终的包。
ES6 模块与 CommonJS 模块的差异

推荐使用运行时版本,因为运行时版本相比完整版体积要小大约 30%
基于 Vue-CLI 创建的项目默认使用的是 vue.runtime.esm.js  (运行时版本)
注意 *.vue 文件中的模板是在构建时预编译的,最终打包后的结果不需要编译器,只需要运行
时版本即可
// Compiler 
// 需要编译器,把 template 转换成 render 函数 
// const vm = new Vue({ 
//     el: '#app', 
//     template: '<h1>{{ msg }}</h1>', 
//     data: { 
//         msg: 'Hello Vue' 
//     } 
// }) 

// Runtime // 不需要编译器 
const vm = new Vue({ 
    el: '#app', 
    render (h) { 
        return h('h1', this.msg) 
    },
    data: { 
        msg: 'Hello Vue' }
    }
)

寻找入口文件

查看 dist/vue.js 的构建过程

执行构建
npm run dev 
# "dev": "rollup -w -c scripts/config.js --sourcemap --environment TARGET:web-full-dev" 
# --environment TARGET:web-full-dev 设置环境变量 TARGET
script/config.js 的执行过程
        作用:生成 rollup 构建的配置文件
        使用环境变量 TARGET = web-full-dev
// 判断环境变量是否有 TARGET
// 如果有的话 使用 genConfig() 生成 rollup 配置文件
if (process.env.TARGET) {
  module.exports = genConfig(process.env.TARGET)
} else {
  exports.getBuild = genConfig
  exports.getAllBuilds = () => Object.keys(builds).map(genConfig)
}

genConfifig(name)
        根据环境变量 TARGET 获取配置信息
        builds[name] 获取生成配置的信息
// Runtime+compiler development build (Browser)
  'web-full-dev': {
    entry: resolve('web/entry-runtime-with-compiler.js'),
    dest: resolve('dist/vue.js'),
    format: 'umd',
    env: 'development',
    alias: { he: './entity-decoder' },
    banner
  },
resolve()
获取入口和出口文件的绝对路径
const aliases = require('./alias')
const resolve = p => {
  // 根据路径中的前半部分去alias中找别名
  const base = p.split('/')[0]
  if (aliases[base]) {
    return path.resolve(aliases[base], p.slice(base.length + 1))
  } else {
    return path.resolve(__dirname, '../', p)
  }
}
结果
src/platforms/web/entry-runtime-with-compiler.js 构建成 dist/vue.js ,如果设置 --
sourcemap 会生成 vue.js.map
src/platform 文件夹下是 Vue 可以构建成不同平台下使用的库,目前有 weex web ,还有服务
器端渲染的库

从入口开始

src/platform/web/entry-runtime-with-compiler.js
观察以下代码
const vm = new Vue({ 
    el: '#app', 
    template: '<h3>Hello template</h3>', 
    render (h) { 
        return h('h4', 'Hello render') 
    } 
})
阅读源码记录
el 不能是 body 或者 html 标签
如果没有 render ,把 template 转换成 render 函数
如果有 render 方法,直接调用 mount 挂载 DOM
/* @flow */

import config from 'core/config'
import { warn, cached } from 'core/util/index'
import { mark, measure } from 'core/util/perf'

import Vue from './runtime/index'
import { query } from './util/index'
import { compileToFunctions } from './compiler/index'
import { shouldDecodeNewlines, shouldDecodeNewlinesForHref } from './util/compat'

const idToTemplate = cached(id => {
  const el = query(id)
  return el && el.innerHTML
})
// 保留 Vue 实例的 $mount 方法
const mount = Vue.prototype.$mount
Vue.prototype.$mount = function (
  el?: string | Element,
  // 非ssr情况下为 false,ssr 时候为true
  hydrating?: boolean
): Component {
  // 获取 el 对象
  el = el && query(el)

  /* istanbul ignore if */
  // el 不能是 body 或者 html
  if (el === document.body || el === document.documentElement) {
    process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && warn(
      `Do not mount Vue to <html> or <body> - mount to normal elements instead.`
    )
    return this
  }

  const options = this.$options
  // resolve template/el and convert to render function
  // 把 template/el 转换成 render 函数
  if (!options.render) {
    let template = options.template
    // 如果模板存在
    if (template) {
      if (typeof template === 'string') {
        // 如果模板是 id 选择器
        if (template.charAt(0) === '#') {
          // 获取对应的 DOM 对象的 innerHTML
          template = idToTemplate(template)
          /* istanbul ignore if */
          if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && !template) {
            warn(
              `Template element not found or is empty: ${options.template}`,
              this
            )
          }
        }
      } else if (template.nodeType) {
        // 如果模板是元素,返回元素的 innerHTML
        template = template.innerHTML
      } else {
        if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
          warn('invalid template option:' + template, this)
        }
        // 否则返回当前实例
        return this
      }
    } else if (el) {
      // 如果没有 template,获取el的 outerHTML 作为模板
      template = getOuterHTML(el)
    }
    if (template) {
      /* istanbul ignore if */
      if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && config.performance && mark) {
        mark('compile')
      }
      // 把 template 转换成 render 函数
      const { render, staticRenderFns } = compileToFunctions(template, {
        outputSourceRange: process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production',
        shouldDecodeNewlines,
        shouldDecodeNewlinesForHref,
        delimiters: options.delimiters,
        comments: options.comments
      }, this)
      options.render = render
      options.staticRenderFns = staticRenderFns

      /* istanbul ignore if */
      if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && config.performance && mark) {
        mark('compile end')
        measure(`vue ${this._name} compile`, 'compile', 'compile end')
      }
    }
  }
  // 调用 mount 方法,渲染 DOM
  return mount.call(this, el, hydrating)
}

/**
 * Get outerHTML of elements, taking care
 * of SVG elements in IE as well.
 */
function getOuterHTML (el: Element): string {
  if (el.outerHTML) {
    return el.outerHTML
  } else {
    const container = document.createElement('div')
    container.appendChild(el.cloneNode(true))
    return container.innerHTML
  }
}

Vue.compile = compileToFunctions

export default Vue

调用 $mount 的过程

Vue 的构造函数在哪里

src/platform/web/entry-runtime-with-compiler.js 中引用了   './runtime/index'
src/platform/web/runtime/index.js
设置 Vue.confifig
设置平台相关的指令和组件
        指令 v-model v-show
        组件 transition transition-group
设置平台相关的 __patch__ 方法(打补丁方法,对比新旧的 VNode
设置 $mount 方法,挂载 DOM
// install platform runtime directives & components
extend(Vue.options.directives, platformDirectives)
extend(Vue.options.components, platformComponents)

// install platform patch function
Vue.prototype.__patch__ = inBrowser ? patch : noop

// public mount method
Vue.prototype.$mount = function (
  el?: string | Element,
  hydrating?: boolean
): Component {
  el = el && inBrowser ? query(el) : undefined
  return mountComponent(this, el, hydrating)
}

src/platform/web/runtime/index.js 中引用了   'core/index'
src/core/index.js
定义了 Vue 的静态方法
initGlobalAPI(Vue)
src/core/index.js 中引用了 './instance/index'
src/core/instance/index.js
定义了 Vue 的构造函数
import { initMixin } from './init'
import { stateMixin } from './state'
import { renderMixin } from './render'
import { eventsMixin } from './events'
import { lifecycleMixin } from './lifecycle'
import { warn } from '../util/index'
// 此处不用 class 的原因是因为方便后续给 Vue 实例混入实例成员
function Vue (options) {
  if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' &&
    !(this instanceof Vue)
  ) {
    warn('Vue is a constructor and should be called with the `new` keyword')
  }
  // 调用 _init() 方法
  this._init(options)
}
// 注册 vm 的 _init() 方法,初始化 vm
initMixin(Vue)
// 注册 vm 的 $data/$props/$set/$delete/$watch
stateMixin(Vue)
// 初始化事件相关方法
// $on/$once/$off/$emit
eventsMixin(Vue)
// 初始化生命周期相关的混入方法
// _update/$forceUpdate/$destroy
lifecycleMixin(Vue)
// 混入 render
// $nextTick/_render
renderMixin(Vue)

export default Vue

四个导出 Vue 的模块

src/platforms/web/entry-runtime-with-compiler.js
web 平台相关的入口
重写了平台相关的  $mount() 方法
注册了 Vue.compile() 方法,传递一个 HTML 字符串返回 render 函数
src/platforms/web/runtime/index.js
web 平台相关
注册和平台相关的全局指令: v-model v-show
注册和平台相关的全局组件: v-transition v-transition-group
全局方法:
        __patch__:把虚拟 DOM 转换成真实 DOM
        $mount:挂载方法
src/core/index.js
与平台无关
设置了 Vue 的静态方法, initGlobalAPI(Vue)
src/core/instance/index.js
与平台无关
定义了构造函数,调用了 this._init(options) 方法
Vue 中混入了常用的实例成员

Vue 的初始化

初始化 Vue 的静态方法

src/core/global-api/index.js
/* @flow */

import config from '../config'
import { initUse } from './use'
import { initMixin } from './mixin'
import { initExtend } from './extend'
import { initAssetRegisters } from './assets'
import { set, del } from '../observer/index'
import { ASSET_TYPES } from 'shared/constants'
import builtInComponents from '../components/index'
import { observe } from 'core/observer/index'

import {
  warn,
  extend,
  nextTick,
  mergeOptions,
  defineReactive
} from '../util/index'

export function initGlobalAPI (Vue: GlobalAPI) {
  // config
  const configDef = {}
  configDef.get = () => config
  if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
    configDef.set = () => {
      warn(
        'Do not replace the Vue.config object, set individual fields instead.'
      )
    }
  }
  // 初始化 Vue.config 对象
  Object.defineProperty(Vue, 'config', configDef)

  // exposed util methods.
  // NOTE: these are not considered part of the public API - avoid relying on
  // them unless you are aware of the risk.
  // 这些工具方法不视作全局API的一部分,除非你已经意识到某些风险,否则不要去依赖他们
  Vue.util = {
    warn,
    extend,
    mergeOptions,
    defineReactive
  }
  // 静态方法 set/delete/nextTick
  Vue.set = set
  Vue.delete = del
  Vue.nextTick = nextTick

  // 2.6 explicit observable API
  // 让一个对象可响应
  Vue.observable = <T>(obj: T): T => {
    observe(obj)
    return obj
  }
  // 初始化 Vue.options 对象,并给其扩展
  // components/directives/filters
  Vue.options = Object.create(null)
  ASSET_TYPES.forEach(type => {
    Vue.options[type + 's'] = Object.create(null)
  })

  // this is used to identify the "base" constructor to extend all plain-object
  // components with in Weex's multi-instance scenarios.
  Vue.options._base = Vue

  // 设置 keep-alive 组件
  extend(Vue.options.components, builtInComponents)

  // 注册 Vue.use() 用来注册插件
  initUse(Vue)
  // 注册 Vue.mixin() 实现混入
  initMixin(Vue)
  // 注册 Vue.extend() 基于传入的options返回一个组件的构造函数
  initExtend(Vue)
  // 注册 Vue.directive()、 Vue.component()、Vue.filter()
  initAssetRegisters(Vue)
}

src\\core\\global-api\\use.js

注册 Vue.use() 用来注册插件

/* @flow */

import { toArray } from '../util/index'

export function initUse (Vue: GlobalAPI) {
  Vue.use = function (plugin: Function | Object) {
    const installedPlugins = (this._installedPlugins || (this._installedPlugins = []))
    if (installedPlugins.indexOf(plugin) > -1) {
      return this
    }

    // additional parameters
    // 把数组中的第一个元素(plugin)去除
    const args = toArray(arguments, 1)
    // 把this(Vue)插入第一个元素的位置
    args.unshift(this)
    if (typeof plugin.install === 'function') {
      plugin.install.apply(plugin, args)
    } else if (typeof plugin === 'function') {
      plugin.apply(null, args)
    }
    installedPlugins.push(plugin)
    return this
  }
}

src\\core\\global-api\\mixin.js

注册 Vue.mixin() 实现混入

/* @flow */

import { mergeOptions } from '../util/index'

export function initMixin (Vue: GlobalAPI) {
  Vue.mixin = function (mixin: Object) {
    this.options = mergeOptions(this.options, mixin)
    return this
  }
}

src\\core\\global-api\\extend.js

注册 Vue.extend() 基于传入的options返回一个组件的构造函数

/* @flow */

import { ASSET_TYPES } from 'shared/constants'
import { defineComputed, proxy } from '../instance/state'
import { extend, mergeOptions, validateComponentName } from '../util/index'

export function initExtend (Vue: GlobalAPI) {
  /**
   * Each instance constructor, including Vue, has a unique
   * cid. This enables us to create wrapped "child
   * constructors" for prototypal inheriance and cache them.
   */
  Vue.cid = 0
  let cid = 1

  /**
   * Class inheritance
   */
  Vue.extend = function (extendOptions: Object): Function {
    extendOptions = extendOptions || {}
    // Vue 构造函数
    const Super = this
    const SuperId = Super.cid
    // 从缓存中加载组件的构造函数
    const cachedCtors = extendOptions._Ctor || (extendOptions._Ctor = {})
    if (cachedCtors[SuperId]) {
      return cachedCtors[SuperId]
    }

    const name = extendOptions.name || Super.options.name
    if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && name) {
      // 如果是开发环境验证组件的名称
      validateComponentName(name)
    }

    const Sub = function VueComponent (options) {
      // 调用 _init() 初始化
      this._init(options)
    }
    // 原型继承自 Vue
    Sub.prototype = Object.create(Super.prototype)
    Sub.prototype.constructor = Sub
    Sub.cid = cid++
    // 合并 options
    Sub.options = mergeOptions(
      Super.options,
      extendOptions
    )
    Sub['super'] = Super

    // For props and computed properties, we define the proxy getters on
    // the Vue instances at extension time, on the extended prototype. This
    // avoids Object.defineProperty calls for each instance created.
    if (Sub.options.props) {
      initProps(Sub)
    }
    if (Sub.options.computed) {
      initComputed(Sub)
    }

    // allow further extension/mixin/plugin usage
    Sub.extend = Super.extend
    Sub.mixin = Super.mixin
    Sub.use = Super.use

    // create asset registers, so extended classes
    // can have their private assets too.
    ASSET_TYPES.forEach(function (type) {
      Sub[type] = Super[type]
    })
    // enable recursive self-lookup
    // 把组件构造构造函数保存到 Ctor.options.components.comp = Ctor
    if (name) {
      Sub.options.components[name] = Sub
    }

    // keep a reference to the super options at extension time.
    // later at instantiation we can check if Super's options have
    // been updated.
    Sub.superOptions = Super.options
    Sub.extendOptions = extendOptions
    Sub.sealedOptions = extend({}, Sub.options)

    // cache constructor
    // 把组件的构造函数缓存到 options._Ctor
    cachedCtors[SuperId] = Sub
    return Sub
  }
}

function initProps (Comp) {
  const props = Comp.options.props
  for (const key in props) {
    proxy(Comp.prototype, `_props`, key)
  }
}

function initComputed (Comp) {
  const computed = Comp.options.computed
  for (const key in computed) {
    defineComputed(Comp.prototype, key, computed[key])
  }
}

src\\core\\global-api\\assets.js

注册 Vue.directive()、 Vue.component()、Vue.filter()

/* @flow */

import { ASSET_TYPES } from 'shared/constants'
import { isPlainObject, validateComponentName } from '../util/index'

export function initAssetRegisters (Vue: GlobalAPI) {
  /**
   * Create asset registration methods.
   */
  // 遍历 ASSET_TYPES 数组,为 Vue 定义相应方法
  // ASSET_TYPES 包括了directive、 component、filter
  ASSET_TYPES.forEach(type => {
    Vue[type] = function (
      id: string,
      definition: Function | Object
    ): Function | Object | void {
      if (!definition) {
        return this.options[type + 's'][id]
      } else {
        /* istanbul ignore if */
        if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && type === 'component') {
          validateComponentName(id)
        }
        // Vue.component('comp', { template: '' })
        if (type === 'component' && isPlainObject(definition)) {
          definition.name = definition.name || id
          // 把组件配置转换为组件的构造函数
          definition = this.options._base.extend(definition)
        }
        if (type === 'directive' && typeof definition === 'function') {
          definition = { bind: definition, update: definition }
        }
        // 全局注册,存储资源并赋值
        // this.options['components']['comp'] = definition
        this.options[type + 's'][id] = definition
        return definition
      }
    }
  })
}

初始化 Vue 的实例成员

src/core/instance/index.js

import { initMixin } from './init'
import { stateMixin } from './state'
import { renderMixin } from './render'
import { eventsMixin } from './events'
import { lifecycleMixin } from './lifecycle'
import { warn } from '../util/index'
// 此处不用 class 的原因是因为方便后续给 Vue 实例混入实例成员
function Vue (options) {
  if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' &&
    !(this instanceof Vue)
  ) {
    warn('Vue is a constructor and should be called with the `new` keyword')
  }
  // 调用 _init() 方法
  this._init(options)
}
// 注册 vm 的 _init() 方法,初始化 vm
initMixin(Vue)
// 注册 vm 的 $data/$props/$set/$delete/$watch
stateMixin(Vue)
// 初始化事件相关方法
// $on/$once/$off/$emit
eventsMixin(Vue)
// 初始化生命周期相关的混入方法
// _update/$forceUpdate/$destroy
lifecycleMixin(Vue)
// 混入 render
// $nextTick/_render
renderMixin(Vue)

export default Vue

Vue初始化-实例成员-init

// 注册 vm 的 _init() 方法,初始化 vm

initMixin(Vue)

src\\core\\instance\\init.js

/* @flow */

import config from '../config'
import { initProxy } from './proxy'
import { initState } from './state'
import { initRender } from './render'
import { initEvents } from './events'
import { mark, measure } from '../util/perf'
import { initLifecycle, callHook } from './lifecycle'
import { initProvide, initInjections } from './inject'
import { extend, mergeOptions, formatComponentName } from '../util/index'

let uid = 0

export function initMixin (Vue: Class<Component>) {
  // 给 Vue 实例增加 _init() 方法
  // 合并 options / 初始化操作
  Vue.prototype._init = function (options?: Object) {
    const vm: Component = this
    // a uid
    vm._uid = uid++

    let startTag, endTag
    /* istanbul ignore if */
    if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && config.performance && mark) {
      startTag = `vue-perf-start:${vm._uid}`
      endTag = `vue-perf-end:${vm._uid}`
      mark(startTag)
    }

    // a flag to avoid this being observed
    // 如果是 Vue 实例不需要被 observe
    vm._isVue = true
    // merge options
    // 合并 options
    if (options && options._isComponent) {
      // optimize internal component instantiation
      // since dynamic options merging is pretty slow, and none of the
      // internal component options needs special treatment.
      initInternalComponent(vm, options)
    } else {
      vm.$options = mergeOptions(
        resolveConstructorOptions(vm.constructor),
        options || {},
        vm
      )
    }
    /* istanbul ignore else */
    if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
      initProxy(vm)
    } else {
      vm._renderProxy = vm
    }
    // expose real self
    vm._self = vm
    // vm 的生命周期相关变量初始化
    // $children/$parent/$root/$refs
    initLifecycle(vm)
    // vm 的事件监听初始化, 父组件绑定在当前组件上的事件
    initEvents(vm)
    // vm 的编译render初始化
    // $slots/$scopedSlots/_c/$createElement/$attrs/$listeners
    initRender(vm)
    // beforeCreate 生命钩子的回调
    callHook(vm, 'beforeCreate')
    // 把 inject 的成员注入到 vm 上
    initInjections(vm) // resolve injections before data/props
    // 初始化 vm 的 _props/methods/_data/computed/watch
    initState(vm)
    // 初始化 provide
    initProvide(vm) // resolve provide after data/props
    // created 生命钩子的回调
    callHook(vm, 'created')

    /* istanbul ignore if */
    if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && config.performance && mark) {
      vm._name = formatComponentName(vm, false)
      mark(endTag)
      measure(`vue ${vm._name} init`, startTag, endTag)
    }
    // 调用 $mount() 挂载
    if (vm.$options.el) {
      vm.$mount(vm.$options.el)
    }
  }
}

export function initInternalComponent (vm: Component, options: InternalComponentOptions) {
  const opts = vm.$options = Object.create(vm.constructor.options)
  // doing this because it's faster than dynamic enumeration.
  const parentVnode = options._parentVnode
  opts.parent = options.parent
  opts._parentVnode = parentVnode

  const vnodeComponentOptions = parentVnode.componentOptions
  opts.propsData = vnodeComponentOptions.propsData
  opts._parentListeners = vnodeComponentOptions.listeners
  opts._renderChildren = vnodeComponentOptions.children
  opts._componentTag = vnodeComponentOptions.tag

  if (options.render) {
    opts.render = options.render
    opts.staticRenderFns = options.staticRenderFns
  }
}

export function resolveConstructorOptions (Ctor: Class<Component>) {
  let options = Ctor.options
  if (Ctor.super) {
    const superOptions = resolveConstructorOptions(Ctor.super)
    const cachedSuperOptions = Ctor.superOptions
    if (superOptions !== cachedSuperOptions) {
      // super option changed,
      // need to resolve new options.
      Ctor.superOptions = superOptions
      // check if there are any late-modified/attached options (#4976)
      const modifiedOptions = resolveModifiedOptions(Ctor)
      // update base extend options
      if (modifiedOptions) {
        extend(Ctor.extendOptions, modifiedOptions)
      }
      options = Ctor.options = mergeOptions(superOptions, Ctor.extendOptions)
      if (options.name) {
        options.components[options.name] = Ctor
      }
    }
  }
  return options
}

function resolveModifiedOptions (Ctor: Class<Component>): ?Object {
  let modified
  const latest = Ctor.options
  const sealed = Ctor.sealedOptions
  for (const key in latest) {
    if (latest[key] !== sealed[key]) {
      if (!modified) modified = {}
      modified[key] = latest[key]
    }
  }
  return modified
}

// 初始化 vm 的 _props/methods/_data/computed/watch

 initState(vm)

src\\core\\instance\\state.js

/* @flow */

import config from '../config'
import Watcher from '../observer/watcher'
import Dep, { pushTarget, popTarget } from '../observer/dep'
import { isUpdatingChildComponent } from './lifecycle'

import {
  set,
  del,
  observe,
  defineReactive,
  toggleObserving
} from '../observer/index'

import {
  warn,
  bind,
  noop,
  hasOwn,
  hyphenate,
  isReserved,
  handleError,
  nativeWatch,
  validateProp,
  isPlainObject,
  isServerRendering,
  isReservedAttribute
} from '../util/index'

const sharedPropertyDefinition = {
  enumerable: true,
  configurable: true,
  get: noop,
  set: noop
}

export function proxy (target: Object, sourceKey: string, key: string) {
  sharedPropertyDefinition.get = function proxyGetter () {
    return this[sourceKey][key]
  }
  sharedPropertyDefinition.set = function proxySetter (val) {
    this[sourceKey][key] = val
  }
  Object.defineProperty(target, key, sharedPropertyDefinition)
}

export function initState (vm: Component) {
  vm._watchers = []
  const opts = vm.$options
  if (opts.props) initProps(vm, opts.props)
  if (opts.methods) initMethods(vm, opts.methods)
  if (opts.data) {
    initData(vm)
  } else {
    observe(vm._data = {}, true /* asRootData */)
  } 
  if (opts.computed) initComputed(vm, opts.computed)
  if (opts.watch && opts.watch !== nativeWatch) {
    initWatch(vm, opts.watch)
  }
}

function initProps (vm: Component, propsOptions: Object) {
  const propsData = vm.$options.propsData || {}
  const props = vm._props = {}
  // cache prop keys so that future props updates can iterate using Array
  // instead of dynamic object key enumeration.
  const keys = vm.$options._propKeys = []
  const isRoot = !vm.$parent
  // root instance props should be converted
  if (!isRoot) {
    toggleObserving(false)
  }
  for (const key in propsOptions) {
    keys.push(key)
    const value = validateProp(key, propsOptions, propsData, vm)
    /* istanbul ignore else */
    if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
      const hyphenatedKey = hyphenate(key)
      if (isReservedAttribute(hyphenatedKey) ||
          config.isReservedAttr(hyphenatedKey)) {
        warn(
          `"${hyphenatedKey}" is a reserved attribute and cannot be used as component prop.`,
          vm
        )
      }
      defineReactive(props, key, value, () => {
        if (!isRoot && !isUpdatingChildComponent) {
          warn(
            `Avoid mutating a prop directly since the value will be ` +
            `overwritten whenever the parent component re-renders. ` +
            `Instead, use a data or computed property based on the prop's ` +
            `value. Prop being mutated: "${key}"`,
            vm
          )
        }
      })
    } else {
      defineReactive(props, key, value)
    }
    // static props are already proxied on the component's prototype
    // during Vue.extend(). We only need to proxy props defined at
    // instantiation here.
    if (!(key in vm)) {
      proxy(vm, `_props`, key)
    }
  }
  toggleObserving(true)
}

function initData (vm: Component) {
  let data = vm.$options.data
  // 初始化 _data,组件中 data 是函数,调用函数返回结果
  // 否则直接返回 data
  data = vm._data = typeof data === 'function'
    ? getData(data, vm)
    : data || {}
  if (!isPlainObject(data)) {
    data = {}
    process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && warn(
      'data functions should return an object:\\n' +
      'https://vuejs.org/v2/guide/components.html#data-Must-Be-a-Function',
      vm
    )
  }
  // proxy data on instance
  // 获取 data 中的所有属性
  const keys = Object.keys(data)
  // 获取 props / methods
  const props = vm.$options.props
  const methods = vm.$options.methods
  let i = keys.length
  // 判断 data 上的成员是否和  props/methods 重名
  while (i--) {
    const key = keys[i]
    if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
      if (methods && hasOwn(methods, key)) {
        warn(
          `Method "${key}" has already been defined as a data property.`,
          vm
        )
      }
    }
    if (props && hasOwn(props, key)) {
      process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && warn(
        `The data property "${key}" is already declared as a prop. ` +
        `Use prop default value instead.`,
        vm
      )
    } else if (!isReserved(key)) {
      proxy(vm, `_data`, key)
    }
  }
  // observe data
  // 响应式处理
  observe(data, true /* asRootData */)
}

export function getData (data: Function, vm: Component): any {
  // #7573 disable dep collection when invoking data getters
  pushTarget()
  try {
    return data.call(vm, vm)
  } catch (e) {
    handleError(e, vm, `data()`)
    return {}
  } finally {
    popTarget()
  }
}

const computedWatcherOptions = { lazy: true }

function initComputed (vm: Component, computed: Object) {
  // $flow-disable-line
  const watchers = vm._computedWatchers = Object.create(null)
  // computed properties are just getters during SSR
  const isSSR = isServerRendering()

  for (const key in computed) {
    const userDef = computed[key]
    const getter = typeof userDef === 'function' ? userDef : userDef.get
    if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && getter == null) {
      warn(
        `Getter is missing for computed property "${key}".`,
        vm
      )
    }

    if (!isSSR) {
      // create internal watcher for the computed property.
      watchers[key] = new Watcher(
        vm,
        getter || noop,
        noop,
        computedWatcherOptions
      )
    }

    // component-defined computed properties are already defined on the
    // component prototype. We only need to define computed properties defined
    // at instantiation here.
    if (!(key in vm)) {
      defineComputed(vm, key, userDef)
    } else if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
      if (key in vm.$data) {
        warn(`The computed property "${key}" is already defined in data.`, vm)
      } else if (vm.$options.props && key in vm.$options.props) {
        warn(`The computed property "${key}" is already defined as a prop.`, vm)
      }
    }
  }
}

export function defineComputed (
  target: any,
  key: string,
  userDef: Object | Function
) {
  const shouldCache = !isServerRendering()
  if (typeof userDef === 'function') {
    sharedPropertyDefinition.get = shouldCache
      ? createComputedGetter(key)
      : createGetterInvoker(userDef)
    sharedPropertyDefinition.set = noop
  } else {
    sharedPropertyDefinition.get = userDef.get
      ? shouldCache && userDef.cache !== false
        ? createComputedGetter(key)
        : createGetterInvoker(userDef.get)
      : noop
    sharedPropertyDefinition.set = userDef.set || noop
  }
  if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' &&
      sharedPropertyDefinition.set === noop) {
    sharedPropertyDefinition.set = function () {
      warn(
        `Computed property "${key}" was assigned to but it has no setter.`,
        this
      )
    }
  }
  Object.defineProperty(target, key, sharedPropertyDefinition)
}

function createComputedGetter (key) {
  return function computedGetter () {
    const watcher = this._computedWatchers && this._computedWatchers[key]
    if (watcher) {
      if (watcher.dirty) {
        watcher.evaluate()
      }
      if (Dep.target) {
        watcher.depend()
      }
      return watcher.value
    }
  }
}

function createGetterInvoker(fn) {
  return function computedGetter () {
    return fn.call(this, this)
  }
}

function initMethods (vm: Component, methods: Object) {
  const props = vm.$options.props
  for (const key in methods) {
    if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
      if (typeof methods[key] !== 'function') {
        warn(
          `Method "${key}" has type "${typeof methods[key]}" in the component definition. ` +
          `Did you reference the function correctly?`,
          vm
        )
      }
      if (props && hasOwn(props, key)) {
        warn(
          `Method "${key}" has already been defined as a prop.`,
          vm
        )
      }
      if ((key in vm) && isReserved(key)) {
        warn(
          `Method "${key}" conflicts with an existing Vue instance method. ` +
          `Avoid defining component methods that start with _ or $.`
        )
      }
    }
    vm[key] = typeof methods[key] !== 'function' ? noop : bind(methods[key], vm)
  }
}

function initWatch (vm: Component, watch: Object) {
  for (const key in watch) {
    const handler = watch[key]
    if (Array.isArray(handler)) {
      for (let i = 0; i < handler.length; i++) {
        createWatcher(vm, key, handler[i])
      }
    } else {
      createWatcher(vm, key, handler)
    }
  }
}

function createWatcher (
  vm: Component,
  expOrFn: string | Function,
  handler: any,
  options?: Object
) {
  if (isPlainObject(handler)) {
    options = handler
    handler = handler.handler
  }
  if (typeof handler === 'string') {
    handler = vm[handler]
  }
  return vm.$watch(expOrFn, handler, options)
}

export function stateMixin (Vue: Class<Component>) {
  // flow somehow has problems with directly declared definition object
  // when using Object.defineProperty, so we have to procedurally build up
  // the object here.
  const dataDef = {}
  dataDef.get = function () { return this._data }
  const propsDef = {}
  propsDef.get = function () { return this._props }
  if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
    dataDef.set = function () {
      warn(
        'Avoid replacing instance root $data. ' +
        'Use nested data properties instead.',
        this
      )
    }
    propsDef.set = function () {
      warn(`$props is readonly.`, this)
    }
  }
  Object.defineProperty(Vue.prototype, '$data', dataDef)
  Object.defineProperty(Vue.prototype, '$props', propsDef)

  Vue.prototype.$set = set
  Vue.prototype.$delete = del

  Vue.prototype.$watch = function (
    expOrFn: string | Function,
    cb: any,
    options?: Object
  ): Function {
    // 获取 Vue 实例 this
    const vm: Component = this
    if (isPlainObject(cb)) {
      // 判断如果 cb 是对象执行 createWatcher
      return createWatcher(vm, expOrFn, cb, options)
    }
    options = options || {}
    // 标记为用户 watcher
    options.user = true
    // 创建用户 watcher 对象
    const watcher = new Watcher(vm, expOrFn, cb, options)
    // 判断 immediate 如果为 true
    if (options.immediate) {
      // 立即执行一次 cb 回调,并且把当前值传入
      try {
        cb.call(vm, watcher.value)
      } catch (error) {
        handleError(error, vm, `callback for immediate watcher "${watcher.expression}"`)
      }
    }
    // 返回取消监听的方法
    return function unwatchFn () {
      watcher.teardown()
    }
  }
}

1

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