09-requests-安装及入门

Posted 2021-07-09 爱学习de测试小白

目录

安装

快速上手

   发送请求

   传递URL参数

   响应内容

   添加请求头

   发送post请求

   响应信息

   Cookie

   超时与重定向

---

安装

•  pip install requests

快速上手

   发送请求

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Time    : 2021/5/5
# @Author  : 大海
import requests

# 发送get请求
r = requests.get('https://api.github.com/events')
print(r)

# 发送post请求
r = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post', data={'key': 'value'})
print(r)

# 发送PUT，DELETE，HEAD 以及 OPTIONS请求
r1 = requests.put('http://httpbin.org/put', data={'key': 'value'})
r2 = requests.delete('http://httpbin.org/delete')
r3 = requests.head('http://httpbin.org/get')
r4 = requests.options('http://httpbin.org/get')
print(r1, r2, r3, r4)

   传递URL参数

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Time    : 2021/5/5
# @Author  : 大海
import requests

# 例如， http://httpbin.org/get?key=val&key2=value2
payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
r = requests.get("http://httpbin.org/get", params=payload)
print(r.url)

# 列表作为值传入
payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': ['value2', 'value3']}

r = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get', params=payload)
print(r.url)

   响应内容

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Time    : 2021/5/5
# @Author  : 大海
import requests

r = requests.get('https://api.github.com/events')
# 文本格式
print(r.text)
print(type(r.text))
# 二进制格式
print(r.content)
print(type(r.content))
# json格式
print(r.json())
print(type(r.json()))
# 原始响应内容
print(r.raw)
print(type(r.raw))

   添加请求头

# 添加请求头,只要简单地传递一个 dict 给 headers 参数就可以了
url = 'https://api.github.com/some/endpoint'
headers = {'user-agent': 'my-app/0.0.1'}
r = requests.get(url, headers=headers)

   发送post请求

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Time    : 2021/5/5
# @Author  : 大海
import json

import requests

# 发送post请求
# 1.表单形式的数据，只需简单地传递一个字典给 data 参数
payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}

r = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post", data=payload)
print(r.text)

# 还可以为 data 参数传入一个元组列表。在表单中多个元素使用同一 key 的时候，这种方式尤其有效
payload = (('key1', 'value1'), ('key1', 'value2'))
r = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post', data=payload)
print(r.text)

# 2.请求体-json格式数据
url = 'https://api.github.com/some/endpoint'
payload = {'some': 'data'}

r = requests.post(url, data=json.dumps(payload))

# 使用 json 参数直接传递
url = 'https://api.github.com/some/endpoint'
payload = {'some': 'data'}

r = requests.post(url, json=payload)

# 3.上传文件
url = 'http://httpbin.org/post'
files = {'file': open('report.xls', 'rb')}

r = requests.post(url, files=files)
print(r.text)

# 显式地设置文件名，文件类型和请求头
url = 'http://httpbin.org/post'
files = {'file': ('report.xls', open('report.xls', 'rb'), 'application/vnd.ms-excel', {'Expires': '0'})}
r = requests.post(url, files=files)
print(r.text)

   响应信息

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Time    : 2021/5/5
# @Author  : 大海
import requests

r = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get')
# 响应状态码
print(r.status_code)
# 响应头
print(r.headers)
print(r.headers['Content-Type'])  # 获取响应头某些字段值
print(r.headers.get('content-type'))

   Cookie

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Time    : 2021/5/5
# @Author  : 大海
import requests

# 添加cookies
url = 'http://httpbin.org/cookies'
cookies = dict(cookies_are='working')
r = requests.get(url, cookies=cookies)
print(r.text)

# 获取cookies
# print(r.cookies.get('cookie_name'))  # 示例，运行会报错

# Cookie 的返回对象为 RequestsCookieJar，它的行为和字典类似，但接口更为完整，适合跨域名跨路径使用
jar = requests.cookies.RequestsCookieJar()
jar.set('tasty_cookie', 'yum', domain='httpbin.org', path='/cookies')
jar.set('gross_cookie', 'blech', domain='httpbin.org', path='/elsewhere')
url = 'http://httpbin.org/cookies'
r = requests.get(url, cookies=jar)
print(r.text)

   超时与重定向

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Time    : 2021/5/5
# @Author  : 大海
import requests

r = requests.get('http://github.com')
# 请求url
print(r.url)
# 请求历史
print(r.history)

# 重定向设置allow_redirects  True 允许，False 不允许
r = requests.get('http://github.com', allow_redirects=False)
print(r.status_code)
print(r.history)

# 超时设置,timeout  单位秒
r = requests.get('http://github.com', timeout=0.5)
print(r.status_code)