SpringBoot集成Shiro
Posted dxj1016
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1、Shiro简介
1.1、什么是Shiro?
- Apache Shiro 是一个java的安全(权限)框架。
- Shiro 可以非常容易的开发出足够好的应用,其不仅可以用在JavaSE环境,也可以用在JavaEE环境。
- Shiro可以完成,认证,授权,加密,会话管理,Web集成,缓存等。
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1.2、shiro有哪些功能?
- Authentication:身份认证、登录,验证用户是不是拥有相应的身份;
- Authorization:授权,即权限验证,验证某个已认证的用户是否拥有某个权限,即判断用户能否进行什么操作,如:验证某个用户是否拥有某个角色,或者细粒度的验证某个用户对某个资源是否具有某个权限!
- Session
Manager:会话管理,即用户登录后就是第一次会话,在没有退出之前,它的所有信息都在会话中;会话可以是普通的javaSE环境,也可以是Web环境; - Cryptography:加密,保护数据的安全性,如密码加密存储到数据库中,而不是明文存储;
- Web Support:Web支持,可以非常容易的集成到Web环境;
- Caching:缓存,比如用户登录后,其用户信息,拥有的角色、权限不必每次去查,这样可以提高效率
- Concurrency:Shiro支持多线程应用的并发验证,即,如在一个线程中开启另一个线程,能把权限自动的传播过去
- Testing:提供测试支持;
- Run As:允许一个用户假装为另一个用户(如果他们允许)的身份进行访问;
- Remember Me:记住我,这个是非常常见的功能,即一次登录后,下次再来的话不用登录了
1.3、Shiro架构(外部)
从外部来看shiro,即从应哟程序角度来观察如何使用shiro完成工作:
- subject:应用代码直接交互的对象是Subject,也就是说Shiro的对外API核心就是Subject,Subject代表了当前的用户,这个用户不一定是一个具体的人,与当前应用交互的任何东西都是Subject,如网络爬虫,机器人等,与Subject的所有交互都会委托给SecurityManager;Subject其实是一个门面,SecurityManageer才是实际的执行者
- SecurityManager:安全管理器,即所有与安全有关的操作都会与SercurityManager交互,并且它管理着所有的Subject,可以看出它是Shiro的核心,它负责与Shiro的其他组件进行交互,它相当于SpringMVC的DispatcherServlet的角色
- Realm:Shiro从Realm获取安全数据(如用户,角色,权限),就是说SecurityManager要验证用户身份,那么它需要从Realm获取相应的用户进行比较,来确定用户的身份是否合法;也需要从Realm得到用户相应的角色、权限,进行验证用户的操作是否能够进行,可以把Realm看成DataSource;
1.4、Shiro架构(内部)
- Subject:任何可以与应用交互的‘用户”;
- Security Manager:相当于SpringMVC中的DispatcherSerlet;是Shiro的心脏,所有具体的交互都通过Security Manager进行控制,它管理者所有的Subject,且负责进行认证,授权,会话,及缓存的管理。
- Authenticator:负责Subject认证,是一个扩展点,可以自定义实现;可以使用认证策略(Authentication Strategy),即什么情况下算用户认证通过了;
- Authorizer:授权器,即访问控制器,用来决定主体是否有权限进行相应的操作;即控制着用户能访问应用中的那些功能;
- Realm:可以有一个或者多个的realm,可以认为是安全实体数据源,即用于获取安全实体的,可以用IDBC实现,也可以是内存实现等等,由用户提供;所以一般在应用中都需要实现自己的realm
- SessionManager:管理Session生命周期的组件,而Shiro并不仅仅可以用在Web环境,也可以用在普通的JavaSE环境中
- CacheManager:缓存控制器,来管理如用户,角色,权限等缓存的;因为这些数据基本上很少改变,放到缓存中后可以提高访问的性能;
- Cryptography:密码模块,Shiro提高了一些常见的加密组件用于密码加密,解密等
2、快速入门
- 创建一个maven项目springboot-shiro-helloworld
- 看官网Getting Started
- 导入依赖
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
<artifactId>shiro-core</artifactId>
<version>1.4.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Shiro uses SLF4J for logging. We'll use the 'simple' binding
in this example app. See http://www.slf4j.org for more info. -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-simple</artifactId>
<version>1.7.21</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
<version>1.7.21</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>1.7.21</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.17</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
- resources文件夹下建log4j.properties文件
log4j.rootLogger=INFo,stdout
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.consoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d %p 【%c 】 - ‰m %n
#General Apache libraries
log4j.logger.org.apache=WARN
#Spring
log4j.logger.org.springframework=WARN
#Default Shiro Logging
log4j.logger.org.apache.shiro=INFO
#Disable verbose Logging
log4j.logger.org.apache.shiro.util.ThreadContext=WARN
log4j.logger.org.apache.shiro.cache.ehcache.EhCache=WARN
- 写配置文件,在resources文件夹下建shiro.ini文件
# =============================================================================
# Tutorial INI configuration
#
# Usernames/passwords are based on the classic Mel Brooks' film "Spaceballs" :)
# =============================================================================
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Users and their (optional) assigned roles
# username = password, role1, role2, ..., roleN
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[users]
root = secret, admin
guest = guest, guest
presidentskroob = 12345, president
darkhelmet = ludicrousspeed, darklord, schwartz
lonestarr = vespa, goodguy, schwartz
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Roles with assigned permissions
# roleName = perm1, perm2, ..., permN
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[roles]
admin = *
schwartz = lightsaber:*
goodguy = winnebago:drive:eagle5
- 写Tutorial.java类
import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.*;
import org.apache.shiro.config.IniSecurityManagerFactory;
import org.apache.shiro.mgt.SecurityManager;
import org.apache.shiro.session.Session;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.Subject;
import org.apache.shiro.util.Factory;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
public class Tutorial {
private static final transient Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Tutorial.class);
public static void main(String[] args) {
log.info("My First Apache Shiro Application");
Factory<SecurityManager> factory = new IniSecurityManagerFactory("classpath:shiro.ini");
SecurityManager securityManager = factory.getInstance();
SecurityUtils.setSecurityManager(securityManager);
// get the currently executing user:
Subject currentUser = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
// Do some stuff with a Session (no need for a web or EJB container!!!)
Session session = currentUser.getSession();
session.setAttribute("someKey", "aValue");
String value = (String) session.getAttribute("someKey");
if (value.equals("aValue")) {
log.info("Retrieved the correct value! [" + value + "]");
}
// let's login the current user so we can check against roles and permissions:
if (!currentUser.isAuthenticated()) {
UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken("lonestarr", "vespa");
token.setRememberMe(true);
try {
currentUser.login(token);
} catch (UnknownAccountException uae) {
log.info("There is no user with username of " + token.getPrincipal());
} catch (IncorrectCredentialsException ice) {
log.info("Password for account " + token.getPrincipal() + " was incorrect!");
} catch (LockedAccountException lae) {
log.info("The account for username " + token.getPrincipal() + " is locked. " +
"Please contact your administrator to unlock it.");
}
// ... catch more exceptions here (maybe custom ones specific to your application?
catch (AuthenticationException ae) {
//unexpected condition? error?
}
}
//say who they are:
//print their identifying principal (in this case, a username):
log.info("User [" + currentUser.getPrincipal() + "] logged in successfully.");
//test a role:
if (currentUser.hasRole("schwartz")) {
log.info("May the Schwartz be with you!");
} else {
log.info("Hello, mere mortal.");
}
//test a typed permission (not instance-level)
if (currentUser.isPermitted("lightsaber:wield")) {
log.info("You may use a lightsaber ring. Use it wisely.");
} else {
log.info("Sorry, lightsaber rings are for schwartz masters only.");
}
//a (very powerful) Instance Level permission:
if (currentUser.isPermitted("winnebago:drive:eagle5")) {
log.info("You are permitted to 'drive' the winnebago with license plate (id) 'eagle5'. " +
"Here are the keys - have fun!");
} else {
log.info("Sorry, you aren't allowed to drive the 'eagle5' winnebago!");
}
//all done - log out!
currentUser.logout();
System.exit(0);
}
}
- 启动看是否打印出消息,测试发现出错了,查看一下pom.xml文件中slf4j-log4j12是否有test,如果没有那就加上。
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>1.7.21</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
- 启动项目打印出这些就可以了。
3、SpringBoot集成Shiro
2.1、springboot集成shiro环境搭建
- 创建springboot项目springboot-shiro-study,选择web,thymeleaf和lombok模块
- 写首页index.html
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>首页</h1>
<p th:text="${msg}"></p>
</body>
</html>
- 写controller层
package com.spring.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import sun.management.VMOptionCompositeData;
@Controller
public class MyController {
@RequestMapping({"/", "/index"})
public String toIndex(Model model) {
model.addAttribute("msg", "hello,Shiro");
return "index";
}
}
- 启动项目
- 导入依赖
<!-- shiro整合spring的包-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
<artifactId>shiro-spring-boot-web-starter</artifactId>
<version>1.7.1</version>
</dependency>
- 写UserRealm.java 类
package com.spring.config;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationException;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationToken;
import org.apache.shiro.authz.AuthorizationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.realm.AuthorizingRealm;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.PrincipalCollection;
//自定义的UserRealm
public class UserRealm extends AuthorizingRealm {
// 授权
@Override
protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principalCollection) {
System.out.println("执行了=>授权doGetAuthorizationInfo");
return null;
}
// 认证
@Override
protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken authenticationToken) throws AuthenticationException {
System.out.println("执行了=>认证doGetAuthenticationInfo");
return null;
}
}
- 写ShiroConfig.java类
package com.spring.config;
import org.apache.catalina.User;
import org.apache.shiro.spring.web.ShiroFilterFactoryBean;
import org.apache.shiro.web.mgt.DefaultWebSecurityManager;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
public class ShiroConfig {
// shiroFilterFactoryBean:3
@Bean(name = "shiroFilterFactoryBean")
public ShiroFilterFactoryBean getShiroFilterFactoryBean(@Qualifier("securityManager") DefaultWebSecurityManager defaultWebSecurityManager) {
ShiroFilterFactoryBean shiroFilterFactoryBean = new ShiroFilterFactoryBean();
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