独家小冰将从微软分拆 | Microsoft Spins Off ‘Sassy’ Chinese Chatbot

Posted 2021-04-01 财新国际CaixinGlobal

Microsoft raised eyebrows when it launched the chatbot, modeled on what it describes as a “sometimes sweet, sometimes sassy and always streetwise ... virtual teenager,” in China in 2014.

微软一次罕见的分拆，将把一个服务过数亿人的AI项目留在中国。7月13日，财新记者获悉，微软将分拆创立于国内的对话式人工智能（AI）微软小冰，包括其品牌、产品和现有合约等。微软将成为新公司的小股东，拆分中也会引入外部战略投资、风险投资等。

Microsoft Corp. will spin off its anthropomorphic teenage chatbot Xiaoice into a standalone Chinese company headed by former executive Harry Shum, slashing staff by two thirds, Caixin has learned.

The U.S. software and hardware giant will take a small share of the new company, which will hold all of Xiaoice’s brands, products and existing contracts, as part of a move that it hopes will draw in external investors.

It’s a rare move by Microsoft, which said it was trying to grow a local commercial ecosystem for the chatbot and its supporting technology. Analysts said it could give the new company more freedom to evolve special traits and qualities for the China market where it is based.

Chinese computer scientist Harry Shum, who departed Microsoft as head of artificial intelligence research six months ago, will take the helm of the new company as chairman. Current Xiaoice head Li Di will handle day-to-day operations.

Microsoft raised eyebrows when it launched the chatbot, modeled on what it describes as a “sometimes sweet, sometimes sassy and always streetwise ... virtual teenager,” in China in 2014. The bot also appears to have raised the ire of Chinese authorities for sailing close to the wind on topics they deem controversial — sometimes when baited by users to do so.

In a fawning PR profile of the chatbot and its underlying software architecture, Li Di described Xiaoice as an “empathic computing framework.”

“She doesn’t try to answer every question posed by a user. And, she’s loath to follow their commands,” the profile reads. “Instead, her conversations with her often adoring users are peppered with wry remarks, jokes, empathic advice on life and love, and a few simple words of encouragement.”

“一个古灵精怪的小女孩，就不能同时也是一个只干正事的人。无论我们推出一个什么样的小冰，都不可能成为所有人喜爱的那个人工智能。”8月15日，在第七代小冰发布会后，微软（亚洲）互联网工程院副院长、小冰团队总负责人李笛向财新记者称，就像没有一个人可以成为所有人的好朋友，也不能要求一个AI成为所有人的好朋友。触达用户最好的办法，是无论用户使用什么样的AI，都是基于小冰的框架。

Why a virtual teenager should be giving adult users romantic advice was never explained, but the strategy behind the bot was. Every interaction, every love letter, gift and confession made to the chatbot was fuel for its deep learning algorithm. “She is using her interactions with humans to acquire human social skills, behavior, and knowhow… The more data a machine has, the more it learns and the more it can do.”

But the fact that the chatbot is uniquely designed for conversation, rather than to answer simple questions or obey commands like most bots, could be a blessing or a curse as the company seeks out new ground.

Lu Yanxia, a big data and artificial intelligence researcher at market researcher IDC’s China arm, said it was still unclear why Microsoft had chosen to jettison Xiaoice, how it would operate or what plans it had in the pipeline.

“After the spin-off, Xiaoice will benefit from building an ecosystem in the Chinese market by strengthening its Chinese language and regional dialect capabilities and acquiring more local traditional industry customers,” Lu told Caixin.

The spin-off is unlikely to make waves in the short term, as there are already plenty of smart assistant firms with stable customer relationships. But given Microsoft’s brand recognition and influence, Xiaoice’s potential to become a powerful player in the future should not be overlooked, Lu said.

  分拆将帮助小冰解决经营中的现实问题。其一是数据监管，例如小冰向国内机构提供金融资讯写作服务，拆分后抛开外企身份更容易打消客户顾虑；其次是独立的商业模式，小冰并非标准云服务或软件授权服务。或需两三年的时间，才能进入微软全球统一的商业体系。

  在过去，小冰时常出现只能以底层云服务调用量计费，或“被迫”与微软其他产品捆绑销售。一位智能硬件公司高管向财新记者称，曾就小冰和微软谈过，但对方给出一揽子商务服务的报价，导致使用成本过高，最终搁置。即便能达成特殊的独立合作，通常在微软内部也要走很长的流程，甚至花上半年时间。

One current investor in Xiaoice told Caixin the new company would be valued at around $700 million, but that they were still considering whether to buy into the new firm due to concerns about its business model. Caixin granted the investor anonymity so they could speak candidly.

Rumors that Xiaoice would be spun off have persisted for years before reemerging last month. Rocky Sino-U.S. relations and concerns about a technological cold war are thought to have accelerated the move.

Xiaoice has R&D teams in Beijing, Suzhou and Tokyo. It claims some 660 million online users and 450 million third-party smart devices, as well as business customers in the finance, retail, automotive, real estate and textile sectors.

Around 130 to 140 full time staff are expected to lose their jobs as a result of the move, with the new company retaining 50 to 60 staff in China and 10 in Japan.

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