HarmonyOS之深入分析常用组件Button的功能和使用
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一、Button 组件
- Button 是一种常见的组件,点击可以触发对应的操作,通常由文本或图标组成,也可以由图标和文本共同组成。
- 文本按钮,如下所示:
- 图标按钮,如下所示:
- 图标和文本共同组成的按钮,如下所示:
二、支持的 XML 属性
- Button 无自有的 XML 属性,共有 XML 属性继承自 Text;
- Text 的自有 XML 属性,请参考我之前的博客:HarmonyOS之深入分析常用组件Text的功能和使用。
三、创建 Button
- 创建如下样式的按钮:
- 在 layout 目录下的 xml 文件中创建 Button,并设置按钮的背景形状、颜色。常用的背景如文本背景、按钮背景,通常采用 XML 格式放置在 graphic 目录下:
<Button
ohos:id="$+id:button"
ohos:width="match_content"
ohos:height="match_content"
ohos:text_size="27fp"
ohos:text="button"
ohos:background_element="$graphic:background_button"
ohos:left_margin="15vp"
ohos:bottom_margin="15vp"
ohos:right_padding="8vp"
ohos:left_padding="8vp"
ohos:element_left="$media:ic_btn_reload"
/>
- 在“Project”窗口,打开“entry > src > main > resources > base”,右键点击“graphic”文件夹,选择“New > File”,命名为“background_button.xml”,在该文件中定义按钮的背景形状、颜色:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<shape xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
ohos:shape="rectangle">
<corners
ohos:radius="10"/>
<solid
ohos:color="#007CFD"/>
</shape>
- 在“Project”窗口,打开“entry > src > main > resources > base > media”,添加所需图片至“media”目录下。
四、响应点击事件
- 按钮的重要作用是当用户单击按钮时,会执行相应的操作或者界面出现相应的变化。
- 实际上用户点击按钮时,Button 对象将收到一个点击事件。开发者可以自定义响应点击事件的方法。例如,通过创建一个 Component.ClickedListener 对象,然后通过调用 setClickedListener 将其分配给按钮。
Button button = (Button) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_button);
// 为按钮设置点击事件回调
button.setClickedListener(new Component.ClickedListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(Component component) {
// 此处添加点击按钮后的事件处理逻辑
}
});
五、不同类型的按钮
① 普通按钮
- 普通按钮和其他按钮的区别在于不需要设置任何形状,只设置文本和背景颜色即可,例如:
<Button
ohos:width="150vp"
ohos:height="50vp"
ohos:text_size="27fp"
ohos:text="button"
ohos:background_element="$graphic:color_blue_element"
ohos:left_margin="15vp"
ohos:bottom_margin="15vp"
ohos:right_padding="8vp"
ohos:left_padding="8vp"
/>
- color_blue_element.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<shape xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
ohos:shape="rectangle">
<solid
ohos:color="#007CFD"/>
</shape>
② 椭圆按钮
- 椭圆按钮是通过设置 background_element 的来实现的, background_element 的 shape 设置为椭圆(oval),例如:
<Button
ohos:width="150vp"
ohos:height="50vp"
ohos:text_size="27fp"
ohos:text="button"
ohos:background_element="$graphic:oval_button_element"
ohos:left_margin="15vp"
ohos:bottom_margin="15vp"
ohos:right_padding="8vp"
ohos:left_padding="8vp"
ohos:element_left="$media:ic_btn_reload"
/>
- oval_button_element.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<shape xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
ohos:shape="oval">
<solid
ohos:color="#007CFD"/>
</shape>
③ 胶囊按钮
- 胶囊按钮是一种常见的按钮,设置按钮背景时将背景设置为矩形形状,并且设置 ShapeElement 的 radius 的半径,例如:
<Button
ohos:id="$+id:button"
ohos:width="match_content"
ohos:height="match_content"
ohos:text_size="27fp"
ohos:text="button"
ohos:background_element="$graphic:capsule_button_element"
ohos:left_margin="15vp"
ohos:bottom_margin="15vp"
ohos:right_padding="15vp"
ohos:left_padding="15vp"
/>
- capsule_button_element.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<shape xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
ohos:shape="rectangle">
<corners
ohos:radius="100"/>
<solid
ohos:color="#007CFD"/>
</shape>
④ 圆形按钮
- 圆形按钮和椭圆按钮的区别在于组件本身的宽度和高度需要相同,例如:
<Button
ohos:id="$+id:button"
ohos:width="50vp"
ohos:height="50vp"
ohos:text_size="27fp"
ohos:background_element="$graphic:circle_button_element"
ohos:text="+"
ohos:left_margin="15vp"
ohos:bottom_margin="15vp"
ohos:right_padding="15vp"
ohos:left_padding="15vp"
/>
- circle_button_element.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<shape xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
ohos:shape="oval">
<solid
ohos:color="#007CFD"/>
</shape>
六、场景示例
- 利用圆形按钮,胶囊按钮,文本组件可以绘制出如下拨号盘的 UI 界面:
- 源码示例:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<DirectionalLayout
xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
ohos:width="match_parent"
ohos:height="match_parent"
ohos:background_element="$graphic:color_light_gray_element"
ohos:orientation="vertical">
<Text
ohos:width="match_content"
ohos:height="match_content"
ohos:text_size="20fp"
ohos:text="0123456789"
ohos:background_element="$graphic:green_text_element"
ohos:text_alignment="center"
ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"
/>
<DirectionalLayout
ohos:width="match_parent"
ohos:height="match_content"
ohos:alignment="horizontal_center"
ohos:orientation="horizontal"
ohos:top_margin="5vp"
ohos:bottom_margin="5vp">
<Button
ohos:width="40vp"
ohos:height="40vp"
ohos:text_size="15fp"
ohos:background_element="$graphic:green_circle_button_element"
ohos:text="1"
ohos:text_alignment="center"
/>
<Button
ohos:width="40vp"
ohos:height="40vp"
ohos:text_size="15fp"
ohos:background_element="$graphic:green_circle_button_element"
ohos:text="2"
ohos:left_margin="5vp"
ohos:right_margin="5vp"
ohos:text_alignment="center"
/>
<Button
ohos:width="40vp"
ohos:height="40vp"
ohos:text_size="15fp"
ohos:background_element="$graphic:green_circle_button_element"
ohos:text="3"
ohos:text_alignment="center"
/>
</DirectionalLayout>
<DirectionalLayout
ohos:width="match_parent"
ohos:height="match_content"
ohos:alignment="horizontal_center"
ohos:orientation="horizontal"
ohos:bottom_margin="5vp">
<Button
ohos:width="40vp"
ohos:height="40vp"
ohos:text_size="15fp"
ohos:background_element="$graphic:green_circle_button_element"
ohos:text="4"
ohos:text_alignment="center"
/>
<Button
ohos:width="40vp"
ohos:height="40vp"
ohos:text_size="15fp"
ohos:left_margin="5vp"
ohos:right_margin="5vp"
ohos:background_element="$graphic:green_circle_button_element"
ohos:text="5"
ohos:text_alignment="center"
/>
<Button
ohos:width="40vp"
ohos:height="40vp"
ohos:text_size="15fp"
ohos:background_element="$graphic:green_circle_button_element"
ohos:text="6"
ohos:text_alignment="center"
/>
</DirectionalLayout>
<DirectionalLayout
ohos:width="match_parent"
ohos:height="match_content"
ohos:alignment="horizontal_center"
ohos:orientation="horizontal"
ohos:bottom_margin="5vp">
<Button
ohos:width="40vp"
ohos:height="40vp"
ohos:text_size="15fp"
ohos:background_element="$graphic:green_circle_button_element"
ohos:text="7"
ohos:text_alignment="center"
/>
<Button
ohos:width="40vp"
ohos:height="40vp"
ohos:text_size="15fp"
ohos:left_margin="5vp"
ohos:right_margin="5vp"
ohos:background_element="$graphic:green_circle_button_element"
ohos:text="8"
ohos:text_alignment="center"
/>
<Button
ohos:width="40vp"
ohos:height="40vp"
ohos:text_size="15fp"
ohos:background_element="$graphic:green_circle_button_element"
ohos:text="9"
ohos:text_alignment="center"
/>
</DirectionalLayout>
<DirectionalLayout
ohos:width="match_parent"
ohos:height="match_content"
ohos:alignment="horizontal_center"
ohos:orientation="horizontal"
ohos:bottom_margin="5vp">
<Button
ohos:width="40vp"
ohos:height="40vp"
ohos:text_size="15fp"
ohos:background_element="$graphic:green_circle_button_element"
ohos:text="*"
ohos:text_alignment="center"
/>
<Button
ohos:width="40vp"
ohos:height="40vp"
ohos:text_size="15fp"
ohos:left_margin="5vp"
ohos:right_margin="5vp"
ohos:background_element="$graphic:green_circle_button_element"
ohos:text="0"
ohos:text_alignment="center"
/>
<Button
ohos:width="40vp"
ohos:height="40vp"
ohos:text_size="15fp"
ohos:background_element="$graphic:green_circle_button_element"
ohos:text="#"
ohos:text_alignment="center"
/>
</DirectionalLayout>
<Button
ohos:width="match_content"
ohos:height="match_content"
ohos:text_size="15fp"
ohos:text="CALL"
ohos:background_element="$graphic:green_capsule_button_element"
ohos:bottom_margin="5vp"
ohos:text_alignment="center以上是关于HarmonyOS之深入分析常用组件Button的功能和使用的主要内容,如果未能解决你的问题,请参考以下文章
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