网络运维之计算机端口
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网络运维之计算机端口
一、计算机端口介绍
1.定义
端口定义：软件领域的端口一般指网络中面向连接服务和无连接服务的通信协议端口，是一种抽象的软件结构，包括一些数据结构和I/O（基本输入输出）缓冲区。
2.端口理解
计算机“端口”是英文port的义译，可以认为是计算机与外界通讯交流的出口.分软件端口和硬件端口。
3.端口分类
①第一类
公认端口（Well Known Ports）：从0到1023，它们紧密绑定（binding）于一些服务。通常这些端口的通讯明确表明了某种服务的协议，例如：80端口实际上总是HTTP通讯。
②第二类
注册端口（Registered Ports）：从1024到49151。它们松散地绑定于一些服务。也就是说有许多服务绑定于这些端口，这些端口同样用于许多其它目的。例如：许多系统处理动态端口从1024左右开始。
③第三类
动态和/或私有端口（Dynamic and/or Private Ports）：从49152到65535。理论上，不应为服务分配这些端口。实际上，机器通常从1024起分配动态端口。但也有例外：SUN的RPC端口从32768开始。
二、传输层TCP/UDP
1.TCP/UDP解释
TCP:TCP协议全称是传输控制协议是一种面向连接的、可靠的、基于字节流的传输层通信协议。
UDP:UDP协议全称是用户数据报协议，在网络中它与TCP协议一样用于处理数据包，是一种无连接的协议。
2.TCP连接的三次握手
第一次握手：客户端向服务端发送连接请求报文段。该报文段中包含自身的数据通讯初始序号。请求发送后，客户端便进入 SYN-SENT 状态。
第二次握手：服务端收到连接请求报文段后，如果同意连接，则会发送一个应答，该应答中也会包含自身的数据通讯初始序号，发送完成后便进入 SYN-RECEIVED 状态。
第三次握手：当客户端收到连接同意的应答后，还要向服务端发送一个确认报文。客户端发完这个报文段后便进入 ESTABLISHED 状态，服务端收到这个应答后也进入 ESTABLISHED 状态，此时连接建立成功。
3.TCP/UDP应用
TCP:
①FTP：文件传输协议；
②SSH：安全登录、文件传送(SCP)和端口重定向；
③Telnet：不安全的文本传送；
④SMTP：简单邮件传输协议Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (E-mail)；
⑤HTTP：超文本传送协议 (WWW)；
UDP:
①流媒体
②TFTP
③QQ 文件传输、QQ语音、QQ视频
三、常用的默认端口合集
四、Linux全部端口查询
[root@tianyi ~]# cat -n /etc/services
23 tcpmux 1/tcp # TCP port service multiplexer
24 tcpmux 1/udp # TCP port service multiplexer
25 rje 5/tcp # Remote Job Entry
26 rje 5/udp # Remote Job Entry
27 echo 7/tcp
28 echo 7/udp
29 discard 9/tcp sink null
30 discard 9/udp sink null
31 systat 11/tcp users
32 systat 11/udp users
33 daytime 13/tcp
34 daytime 13/udp
35 qotd 17/tcp quote
36 qotd 17/udp quote
37 chargen 19/tcp ttytst source
38 chargen 19/udp ttytst source
39 ftp-data 20/tcp
40 ftp-data 20/udp
41 # 21 is registered to ftp, but also used by fsp
42 ftp 21/tcp
43 ftp 21/udp fsp fspd
44 ssh 22/tcp # The Secure Shell (SSH) Protocol
45 ssh 22/udp # The Secure Shell (SSH) Protocol
46 telnet 23/tcp
47 telnet 23/udp
48 # 24 - private mail system
49 lmtp 24/tcp # LMTP Mail Delivery
50 lmtp 24/udp # LMTP Mail Delivery
51 smtp 25/tcp mail
52 smtp 25/udp mail
53 time 37/tcp timserver
54 time 37/udp timserver
55 rlp 39/tcp resource # resource location
56 rlp 39/udp resource # resource location
57 nameserver 42/tcp name # IEN 116
58 nameserver 42/udp name # IEN 116
59 nicname 43/tcp whois
60 nicname 43/udp whois
61 tacacs 49/tcp # Login Host Protocol (TACACS)
62 tacacs 49/udp # Login Host Protocol (TACACS)
63 re-mail-ck 50/tcp # Remote Mail Checking Protocol
64 re-mail-ck 50/udp # Remote Mail Checking Protocol
65 domain 53/tcp # name-domain server
66 domain 53/udp
67 whois++ 63/tcp whoispp
68 whois++ 63/udp whoispp
69 bootps 67/tcp # BOOTP server
70 bootps 67/udp
71 bootpc 68/tcp dhcpc # BOOTP client
72 bootpc 68/udp dhcpc
73 tftp 69/tcp
74 tftp 69/udp
75 gopher 70/tcp # Internet Gopher
76 gopher 70/udp
77 netrjs-1 71/tcp # Remote Job Service
78 netrjs-1 71/udp # Remote Job Service
79 netrjs-2 72/tcp # Remote Job Service
80 netrjs-2 72/udp # Remote Job Service
81 netrjs-3 73/tcp # Remote Job Service
82 netrjs-3 73/udp # Remote Job Service
83 netrjs-4 74/tcp # Remote Job Service
84 netrjs-4 74/udp # Remote Job Service
85 finger 79/tcp
86 finger 79/udp
87 http 80/tcp www www-http # WorldWideWeb HTTP
88 http 80/udp www www-http # HyperText Transfer Protocol
89 http 80/sctp # HyperText Transfer Protocol
90 kerberos 88/tcp kerberos5 krb5 # Kerberos v5
91 kerberos 88/udp kerberos5 krb5 # Kerberos v5
92 supdup 95/tcp
93 supdup 95/udp
94 hostname 101/tcp hostnames # usually from sri-nic
95 hostname 101/udp hostnames # usually from sri-nic
96 iso-tsap 102/tcp tsap # part of ISODE.
97 csnet-ns 105/tcp cso # also used by CSO name server
98 csnet-ns 105/udp cso
99 # unfortunately the poppassd (Eudora) uses a port which has already
100 # been assigned to a different service. We list the poppassd as an
101 # alias here. This should work for programs asking for this service.
102 # (due to a bug in inetd the 3com-tsmux line is disabled)
103 #3com-tsmux 106/tcp poppassd
104 #3com-tsmux 106/udp poppassd
105 rtelnet 107/tcp # Remote Telnet
106 rtelnet 107/udp
107 pop2 109/tcp pop-2 postoffice # POP version 2
108 pop2 109/udp pop-2
109 pop3 110/tcp pop-3 # POP version 3
110 pop3 110/udp pop-3
111 sunrpc 111/tcp portmapper rpcbind # RPC 4.0 portmapper TCP
112 sunrpc 111/udp portmapper rpcbind # RPC 4.0 portmapper UDP
113 auth 113/tcp authentication tap ident
114 auth 113/udp authentication tap ident
115 sftp 115/tcp
116 sftp 115/udp
117 uucp-path 117/tcp
118 uucp-path 117/udp
119 nntp 119/tcp readnews untp # USENET News Transfer Protocol
120 nntp 119/udp readnews untp # USENET News Transfer Protocol
121 ntp 123/tcp
122 ntp 123/udp # Network Time Protocol
123 netbios-ns 137/tcp # NETBIOS Name Service
124 netbios-ns 137/udp
125 netbios-dgm 138/tcp # NETBIOS Datagram Service
126 netbios-dgm 138/udp
127 netbios-ssn 139/tcp # NETBIOS session service
128 netbios-ssn 139/udp
129 imap 143/tcp imap2 # Interim Mail Access Proto v2
130 imap 143/udp imap2
131 snmp 161/tcp # Simple Net Mgmt Proto
132 snmp 161/udp # Simple Net Mgmt Proto
133 snmptrap 162/tcp # SNMPTRAP
134 snmptrap 162/udp snmp-trap # Traps for SNMP
135 cmip-man 163/tcp # ISO mgmt over IP (CMOT)
136 cmip-man 163/udp
137 cmip-agent 164/tcp
138 cmip-agent 164/udp
139 mailq 174/tcp # MAILQ
140 mailq 174/udp # MAILQ
141 xdmcp 177/tcp # X Display Mgr. Control Proto
142 xdmcp 177/udp
143 nextstep 178/tcp NeXTStep NextStep # NeXTStep window
144 nextstep 178/udp NeXTStep NextStep # server
145 bgp 179/tcp # Border Gateway Proto.
146 bgp 179/udp
147 bgp 179/sctp
148 prospero 191/tcp # Cliff Neuman's Prospero
149 prospero 191/udp
150 irc 194/tcp # Internet Relay Chat
151 irc 194/udp
152 smux 199/tcp # SNMP Unix Multiplexer
153 smux 199/udp
154 at-rtmp 201/tcp # AppleTalk routing
155 at-rtmp 201/udp
156 at-nbp 202/tcp # AppleTalk name binding
157 at-nbp 202/udp
158 at-echo 204/tcp # AppleTalk echo
159 at-echo 204/udp
160 at-zis 206/tcp # AppleTalk zone information
161 at-zis 206/udp
162 qmtp 209/tcp # Quick Mail Transfer Protocol
163 qmtp 209/udp # Quick Mail Transfer Protocol
164 z39.50 210/tcp z3950 z39-50 wais # NISO Z39.50 database
165 z39.50 210/udp z3950 z39-50 wais
166 ipx 213/tcp # IPX
167 ipx 213/udp
168 imap3 220/tcp # Interactive Mail Access
169 imap3 220/udp # Protocol v3
170 link 245/tcp ttylink
171 link 245/udp ttylink
172 gist 270/udp # Q-mode encapsulation for GIST messages
173 fatserv 347/tcp # Fatmen Server
174 fatserv 347/udp # Fatmen Server
175 rsvp_tunnel 363/tcp rsvp-tunnel
176 rsvp_tunnel 363/udp rsvp-tunnel
177 odmr 366/tcp # odmr required by fetchmail
178 odmr 366/udp # odmr required by fetchmail
179 rpc2portmap 369/tcp
180 rpc2portmap 369/udp # Coda portmapper
181 codaauth2 370/tcp
182 codaauth2 370/udp # Coda authentication server
183 ulistproc 372/tcp ulistserv # UNIX Listserv
184 ulistproc 372/udp ulistserv
185 ldap 389/tcp
186 ldap 389/udp
187 osb-sd 400/tcp # Oracle Secure Backup
188 osb-sd 400/udp # Oracle Secure Backup
189 svrloc 427/tcp # Server Location
190 svrloc 427/udp # Server Location
191 mobileip-agent 434/tcp
192 mobileip-agent 434/udp
193 mobilip-mn 435/tcp
194 mobilip-mn 435/udp
195 https 443/tcp # http protocol over TLS/SSL
196 https 443/udp # http protocol over TLS/SSL
197 https 443/sctp # http protocol over TLS/SSL
198 snpp 444/tcp # Simple Network Paging Protocol
199 snpp 444/udp # Simple Network Paging Protocol
200 microsoft-ds 445/tcp
201 microsoft-ds 445/udp
202 kpasswd 464/tcp kpwd # Kerberos "passwd"
203 kpasswd 464/udp kpwd # Kerberos "passwd"
204 photuris 468/tcp
205 photuris 468/udp
206 saft 487/tcp # Simple Asynchronous File Transfer
207 saft 487/udp # Simple Asynchronous File Transfer
208 gss-http 488/tcp
209 gss-http 488/udp
210 pim-rp-disc 496/tcp
211 pim-rp-disc 496/udp
212 isakmp 500/tcp
213 isakmp 500/udp
214 gdomap 538/tcp # GNUstep distributed objects
215 gdomap 538/udp # GNUstep distributed objects
216 iiop 535/tcp
217 iiop 535/udp
218 dhcpv6-client 546/tcp
219 dhcpv6-client 546/udp
220 dhcpv6-server 547/tcp
221 dhcpv6-server 547/udp
222 rtsp 554/tcp # Real Time Stream Control Protocol
223 rtsp 554/udp # Real Time Stream Control Protocol
224 nntps 563/tcp # NNTP over SSL
225 nntps 563/udp # NNTP over SSL
226 whoami 565/tcp
227 whoami 565/udp
228 submission 587/tcp msa # mail message submission
229 submission 587/udp msa # mail message submission
230 npmp-local 610/tcp dqs313_qmaster # npmp-local / DQS
231 npmp-local 610/udp dqs313_qmaster # npmp-local / DQS
232 npmp-gui 611/tcp dqs313_execd # npmp-gui / DQS
233 npmp-gui 611/udp dqs313_execd # npmp-gui / DQS
234 hmmp-ind 612/tcp dqs313_intercell # HMMP Indication / DQS
235 hmmp-ind 612/udp dqs313_intercell # HMMP Indication / DQS
236 ipp 631/tcp # Internet Printing Protocol
237 ipp 631/udp # Internet Printing Protocol
238 ldaps 636/tcp # LDAP over SSL
239 ldaps 636/udp # LDAP over SSL
240 acap 674/tcp
241 acap 674/udp
242 ha-cluster 694/tcp # Heartbeat HA-cluster
243 ha-cluster 694/udp # Heartbeat HA-cluster
244 kerberos-adm 749/tcp # Kerberos `kadmin' (v5)
245 kerberos-adm 749/udp # kerberos administration
246 kerberos-iv 750/udp kerberos4 kerberos-sec kdc loadav
247 kerberos-iv 750/tcp kerberos4 kerberos-sec kdc rfile
248 webster 765/tcp # Network dictionary
249 webster 765/udp
250 phonebook 767/tcp # Network phonebook
251 phonebook 767/udp
252 rsync 873/tcp # rsync
253 rsync 873/udp # rsync
254 #rquotad unreserved in IANA!
255 rquotad 875/tcp # rquota daemon
256 #rquotad unreserved in IANA!
257 rquotad 875/udp # rquota daemon
258 telnets 992/tcp
259 telnets 992/udp
260 imaps 993/tcp # IMAP over SSL
261 imaps 993/udp # IMAP over SSL
262 pop3s 995/tcp # POP-3 over SSL
263 pop3s 995/udp # POP-3 over SSL
264
265 #
266 # UNIX specific services
267 #
268 exec 512/tcp
269 biff 512/udp comsat
270 login 513/tcp
271 who 513/udp whod
272 shell 514/tcp cmd # no passwords used
273 syslog 514/udp
274 printer 515/tcp spooler # line printer spooler
275 printer 515/udp spooler # line printer spooler
276 talk 517/udp
277 ntalk 518/udp
278 utime 519/tcp unixtime
279 utime 519/udp unixtime
280 efs 520/tcp
281 router 520/udp route routed # RIP
282 ripng 521/tcp
283 ripng 521/udp
284 timed 525/tcp timeserver
285 timed 525/udp timeserver
286 tempo 526/tcp newdate
287 courier 530/tcp rpc
288 conference 531/tcp chat
289 netnews 532/tcp
290 netwall 533/udp # -for emergency broadcasts
291 uucp 540/tcp uucpd # uucp daemon
292 klogin 543/tcp # Kerberized `rlogin' (v5)
293 kshell 544/tcp krcmd # Kerberized `rsh' (v5)
294 afpovertcp 548/tcp # AFP over TCP
295 afpovertcp 548/udp # AFP over TCP
296 remotefs 556/tcp rfs_server rfs # Brunhoff remote filesystem
297
298 #
299 # From ``PORT NUMBERS'':
300 #
301 #>REGISTERED PORT NUMBERS
302 #>
303 #>The Registered Ports are listed by the IANA and on most systems can be
304 #>used by ordinary user processes or programs executed by ordinary
305 #>users.
306 #>
307 #>Ports are used in the TCP [RFC793] to name the ends of logical
308 #>connections which carry long term conversations. For the purpose of
309 #>providing services to unknown callers, a service contact port is
310 #>defined. This list specifies the port used by the server process as
311 #>its contact port.
312 #>
313 #>The IANA registers uses of these ports as a convienence to the
314 #>community.
315 #
316 socks 1080/tcp # socks proxy server
317 socks 1080/udp # socks proxy server
318
319 # Port 1236 is registered as `bvcontrol', but is also used by the
320 # Gracilis Packeten remote config server. The official name is listed as
321 # the primary name, with the unregistered name as an alias.
322 bvcontrol 1236/tcp rmtcfg # Daniel J. Walsh, Gracilis Packeten remote config server
323 bvcontrol 1236/udp # Daniel J. Walsh
324
325 h323hostcallsc 1300/tcp # H.323 Secure Call Control
326 h323hostcallsc 1300/udp # H.323 Secure Call Control
327 ms-sql-s 1433/tcp # Microsoft-SQL-Server
328 ms-sql-s 1433/udp # Microsoft-SQL-Server
329 ms-sql-m 1434/tcp # Microsoft-SQL-Monitor
330 ms-sql-m 1434/udp # Microsoft-SQL-Monitor
331 ica 1494/tcp # Citrix ICA Client
332 ica 1494/udp # Citrix ICA Client
333 wins 1512/tcp # Microsoft's Windows Internet Name Service
334 wins 1512/udp # Microsoft's Windows Internet Name Service
335 ingreslock 1524/tcp
336 ingreslock 1524/udp
337 prospero-np 1525/tcp orasrv # Prospero non-privileged/oracle
338 prospero-np 1525/udp orasrv
339 datametrics 1645/tcp old-radius sightline # datametrics / old radius entry
340 datametrics 1645/udp old-radius sightline # datametrics / old radius entry
341 sa-msg-port 1646/tcp old-radacct # sa-msg-port / old radacct entry
342 sa-msg-port 1646/udp old-radacct # sa-msg-port / old radacct entry
343 kermit 1649/tcp
344 kermit python自动化运维之Socket网络编程