2万字，实战 Docker 部署：完整的前后端，主从热备高可用服务！！

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要解决的系统问题

1、 解决物理机不够用的问题 2、 解决物理机资源使用不充分问题 3、 解决系统高可用问题 4、 解决不停机更新问题

系统部署准备工作


文末有：3625页互联网大厂面试题

系统部署方案设计图

相关概念

1 LVS

2 Keepalived作用

3 keepalived和其工作原理

4 VRRP协议：Virtual Route

5 VRRP的工作流程

6 Docker

7 nginx

开始部署

安装Docker

1 卸载旧版本Docker,系统未安装则可跳过

  
    
    
  

   
     
     
   
     
    
  1. sudo apt-get remove docker docker-engine docker.io containerd runc
    2.

2 更新索引列表

  
    
    
  

   
     
     
   
     
    
  1. sudo apt-get update
    2.

3 允许apt通过https使用repository安装软件包

  
    
    
  

   
     
     
   
     
    
  1. sudo apt-get-y install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common
    2.

4 安装GPG证书

  
    
    
  

   
     
     
   
     
    
  1. sudo curl -fsSL https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu/gpg | apt-key add -
    2.

5 验证key的指纹

  
    
    
  

   
     
     
   
     
    
  1. sudo apt-key fingerprint 0EBFCD88
    2.

6 添加稳定的仓库并更新索引

  
    
    
  

   
     
     
   
     
    
  1. sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable" sudo apt-get update
    2.

7 查看docker版本列表

  
    
    
  

   
     
     
   
     
    
  1. apt-cache madison docker-ce
    2.

8 下载自定义版本docker

  
    
    
  

   
     
     
   
     
    
  1. sudo apt-get install -y docker-ce=17.12.1~ce-0~ubuntu
    2.

9 验证docker 是否安装成功

  
    
    
  

   
     
     
   
     
    
  1. docker --version
    2.

10 将root用户加入docker 组，以允许免sudo执行docker

  
    
    
  

   
     
     
   
     
    
  1. sudo gpasswd -a 用户名 docker  #用户名改成自己的登录名
    2.

11 重启服务并刷新docker组成员,到此完成

  
    
    
  

   
     
     
   
     
    
  1. sudo service docker restartnewgrp - docker
    2.

Docker自定义网络

  
    
    
  

   
     
     
   
     
    
  1. docker network create --subnet=172.18.0.0/24 mynet
    2.

使用ifconfig查看我们创建的网络

2万字，实战 Docker 部署：完整的前后端，主从热备高可用服务！！

宿主机安装Keepalived

1 预装编译环境

  
    
    
  

   
     
     
   
     
    
  1. sudo apt-get install -y gcc
    2.  
    
  2. sudo apt-get install -y g++
    3.  
    
  3. sudo apt-get install -y libssl-dev
    4.  
    
  4. sudo apt-get install -y daemon
    5.  
    
  5. sudo apt-get install -y make
    6.  
    
  6. sudo apt-get install -y sysv-rc-conf
    7.

2 下载并安装keepalived

  
    
    
  

   
     
     
   
     
    
  1. cd /usr/local/
    2.  
    
  2. wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.18.tar.gz
    3.  
    
  3. tar zxvf keepalived-1.2.18.tar.gz
    4.  
    
  4. cd keepalived-1.2.18
    5.  
    
  5. ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived
    6.  
    
  6. make && make insta
    7.

3 将keepalived设置为系统服务

  
    
    
  

   
     
     
   
     
    
  1. mkdir /etc/keepalived
    2.  
    
  2. mkdir /etc/sysconfig
    3.  
    
  3. cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/ 
    4.  
    
  4. cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/ 
    5.  
    
  5. cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/ 
    6.  
    
  6. ln -s /usr/local/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/ 
    7.  
    
  7. ln -s /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /sbin/
    8.

4 修改keepalived启动的配置文件

  
    
    
  

   
     
     
   
     
    
  1. #!/bin/sh
    2.  
    
  2. #
    3.  
    
  3. # Startup script for the Keepalived daemon
    4.  
    
  4. #
    5.  
    
  5. # processname: keepalived
    6.  
    
  6. # pidfile: /var/run/keepalived.pid
    7.  
    
  7. # config: /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
    8.  
    
  8. # chkconfig: - 21 79
    9.  
    
  9. # description: Start and stop Keepalived
    10.  
    
  10. # Source function library
    11.  
    
  11. #. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
    12.  
    
  12. . /lib/lsb/init-functions
    13.  
    
  13. # Source configuration file (we set KEEPALIVED_OPTIONS there)
    14.  
    
  14. . /etc/sysconfig/keepalived
    15.  
    
  15. RETVAL=0
    16.  
    
  16. prog="keepalived"
    17.  
    
  17. start() {
    18.  
    
  18.     echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
    19.  
    
  19.     daemon keepalived start
    20.  
    
  20.     RETVAL=$?
    21.  
    
  21.     echo
    22.  
    
  22.     [ $RETVAL -eq 0] && touch /var/lock/subsys/$prog
    23.  
    
  23. }
    24.  
    
  24. stop() {
    25.  
    
  25.     echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
    26.  
    
  26.     killproc keepalived
    27.  
    
  27.     RETVAL=$?
    28.  
    
  28.     echo
    29.  
    
  29.     [ $RETVAL -eq 0] && rm -f /var/lock/subsys/$prog
    30.  
    
  30. }
    31.  
    
  31. reload() {
    32.  
    
  32.     echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
    33.  
    
  33.     killproc keepalived -1
    34.  
    
  34.     RETVAL=$?
    35.  
    
  35.     echo
    36.  
    
  36. }
    37.  
    
  37. # See how we were called.
    38.  
    
  38. case"$1"in
    39.  
    
  39.     start)
    40.  
    
  40.         start
    41.  
    
  41.         ;;
    42.  
    
  42.     stop)
    43.  
    
  43.         stop
    44.  
    
  44.         ;;
    45.  
    
  45.     reload)
    46.  
    
  46.         reload
    47.  
    
  47.         ;;
    48.  
    
  48.     restart)
    49.  
    
  49.         stop
    50.  
    
  50.         start
    51.  
    
  51.         ;;
    52.  
    
  52.     condrestart)
    53.  
    
  53.         if[ -f /var/lock/subsys/$prog ]; then
    54.  
    
  54.             stop
    55.  
    
  55.             start
    56.  
    
  56.         fi
    57.  
    
  57.         ;;
    58.  
    
  58.     status)
    59.  
    
  59.         status keepalived
    60.  
    
  60.         RETVAL=$?
    61.  
    
  61.         ;;
    62.  
    
  62.     *)
    63.  
    
  63.         echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|reload|restart|condrestart|status}"
    64.  
    
  64.         RETVAL=1
    65.  
    
  65. esac
    66.  
    
  66. exit
    67.

5 修改keepalived配置文件

  
    
    
  

   
     
     
   
     
    
  1. cd /etc/keepalived
    2.  
    
  2. cp keepalived.conf keepalived.conf.back
    3.  
    
  3. rm keepalived.conf
    4.  
    
  4. vim keepalived.conf
    5.

添加内容如下

  
    
    
  

   
     
     
   
     
    
  1. vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    2.  
    
  2.     state MASTER
    3.  
    
  3.     interface ens33
    4.  
    
  4.     virtual_router_id 51
    5.  
    
  5.     priority 100
    6.  
    
  6.     advert_int 1
    7.  
    
  7.     authentication {
    8.  
    
  8.         auth_type PASS
    9.  
    
  9.         auth_pass 1111
    10.  
    
  10.     }
    11.  
    
  11.     virtual_ipaddress {
    12.  
    
  12.         192.168.227.88
    13.  
    
  13.         192.168.227.99
    14.  
    
  14.     }
    15.  
    
  15. }
    16.  
    
  16. virtual_server  192.168.227.8880{
    17.  
    
  17.     delay_loop 6
    18.  
    
  18.     lb_algo rr
    19.  
    
  19.     lb_kind NAT
    20.  
    
  20.     persistence_timeout 50
    21.  
    
  21.     protocol TCP
    22.  
    
  22.      real_server 172.18.0.210{
    23.  
    
  23.             weight 1
    24.  
    
  24.      }
    25.  
    
  25. }
    26.  
    
  26. virtual_server  192.168.227.9980{
    27.  
    
  27.     delay_loop 6
    28.  
    
  28.     lb_algo rr
    29.  
    
  29.     lb_kind NAT
    30.  
    
  30.     persistence_timeout 50
    31.  
    
  31.     protocol TCP
    32.  
    
  32.      real_server 172.18.0.220{
    33.  
    
  33.             weight 1
    34.

需要注意的是:interface 这个是根据自己服务器网卡名称设定的，不然无法做VIP映射

6 启动keepalived

  
    
    
  

   
     
     
   
     
    
  1. systemctl daemon-reload
    2.  
    
  2. systemctl enable keepalived.service
    3.  
    
  3. systemctl start keepalived.service
    4.

每次更改配置文件之后必须执行 systemctl daemon-reload 操作，不然配置无效。

7 查看keepalived进程是否存在

  
    
    
  

   
     
     
   
     
    
  1. ps -ef|grep keepalived
    2.

2万字，实战 Docker 部署：完整的前后端，主从热备高可用服务！！

8 查看keepalived运行状态

  
    
    
  

   
     
     
   
     
    
  1. systemctl status keepalived.service
    2.

2万字，实战 Docker 部署：完整的前后端，主从热备高可用服务！！

9 查看虚拟IP是否完成映射

  
    
    
  

   
     
     
   
     
    
  1. ip addr
    2.

2万字，实战 Docker 部署：完整的前后端，主从热备高可用服务！！

10 Ping下两个IP

2万字，实战 Docker 部署：完整的前后端，主从热备高可用服务！！

2万字，实战 Docker 部署：完整的前后端，主从热备高可用服务！！

可以看到两个IP都是通的，到此keepalived安装成功

Docker容器实现前端主从热备系统

2万字，实战 Docker 部署：完整的前后端，主从热备高可用服务！！

图中访问的IP应该是容器内部虚拟出来的172.18.0.210,此处更正说明下。

接下来我们安装前端服务器的主从系统部分

1 拉取centos7镜像

  
    
    
  

   
     
     
   
     
    
  1. docker pull centos:7
    2.

2 创建容器

  
    
    
  

   
     
     
   
     
    
  1. docker run -it -d --name centos1 -d centos:7
    2.

3 进入容器centos1

  
    
    
  

   
     
     
   
     
    
  1. docker exec-it centos1 bash
    2.

4 安装常用工具

  
    
    
  

   
     
     
   
     
    
  1. yum update -y
    2.  
    
  2. yum install -y vim
    3.  
    
  3. yum install -y wget
    4.  
    
  4. yum install -y  gcc-c++  
    5.  
    
  5. yum install -y pcre pcre-devel  
    6.  
    
  6. yum install -y zlib zlib-devel  
    7.  
    
  7. yum install -y  openssl-devel
    8.  
    
  8. yum install -y popt-devel
    9.  
    
  9. yum install -y initscripts
    10.  
    
  10. yum install -y net-tools
    11.

5 将容器打包成新的镜像，以后直接以该镜像创建容器

  
    
    
  

   
     
     
   
     
    
  1. docker commit -a 'cfh'-m 'centos with common tools' centos1 centos_base
    2.

6 删除之前创建的centos1 容器，重新以基础镜像创建容器，安装keepalived+nginx

  
    
    
  

   
     
     
   
     
    
  1. docker rm -f centos1
    2.  
    
  2. #容器内需要使用systemctl服务，需要加上/usr/sbin/init
    3.  
    
  3. docker run -it --name centos_temp -d --privileged centos_base /usr/sbin/init
    4.  
    
  4. docker exec-it centos_temp bash
    5.

7 安装nginx

  
    
    
  

   
     
     
   
     
    
  1. #使用yum安装nginx需要包括Nginx的库，安装Nginx的库
    2.  
    
  2. rpm -Uvh http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm
    3.  
    
  3. # 使用下面命令安装nginx
    4.  
    
  4. yum install -y nginx
    5.  
    
  5. #启动nginx
    6.  
    
  6. systemctl start nginx.service
    7.

8 安装keepalived

  
    
    
  

   
     
     
   
     
    
  1. 1.下载keepalived
    2.  
    
  2. wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.18.tar.gz
    3.  
    
  3. 2.解压安装：
    4.  
    
  4. tar -zxvf keepalived-1.2.18.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
    5.  
    
  5. 3.下载插件openssl
    6.  
    
  6. yum install -y openssl openssl-devel（需要安装一个软件包）
    7.  
    
  7. 4.开始编译keepalived
    8.  
    
  8. cd  /usr/local/keepalived-1.2.18/ && ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived
    9.  
    
  9. 5.make一下
    10.  
    
  10. make && make ins
    11.

9 将keepalived 安装成系统服务

  
    
    
  

   
     
     
   
     
    
  1. mkdir /etc/keepalived
    2.  
    
  2. cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf  /etc/keepalived/
    3.  
    
  3. cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/
    4.  
    
  4. cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/
    5.  
    
  5. ln -s /usr/local/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/
    6.  
    
  6. 可以设置开机启动：chkconfig keepalived on
    7.  
    
  7. 到此我们安装完毕!
    8.  
    
  8. #若启动报错，则执行下面命令
    9.  
    
  9. cd /usr/sbin/ 
    10.  
    
  10. rm -f keepalived  
    11.  
    
  11. cp /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived  /usr/sbin/ 
    12.  
    
  12. #启动keepalived
    13.  
    
  13. systemctl daemon-reload  重新加载
    14.  
    
  14. systemctl enable keepalived.service  设置开机自动启动
    15.  
    
  15. systemctl start keepalived.service 启动
    16.  
    
  16. systemctl status keepalived.service  查看服务状
    17.

10 修改/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf文件

  
    
    
  

   
     
     
   
     
    
  1. #备份配置文件
    2.  
    
  2. cp /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.backup
    3.  
    
  3. rm -f keepalived.conf
    4.  
    
  4. vim keepalived.conf
    5.  
    
  5. #配置文件如下
    6.  
    
  6. vrrp_script chk_nginx {
    7.  
    
  7.     script "/etc/keepalived/nginx_check.sh"
    8.  
    
  8.     interval 2
    9.  
    
  9.     weight -20
    10.  
    
  10. }
    11.  
    
  11. vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    12.  
    
  12.     state MASTER
    13.  
    
  13.     interface eth0
    14.  
    
  14.     virtual_router_id 121
    15.  
    
  15.     mcast_src_ip 172.18.0.201
    16.  
    
  16.     priority 100
    17.  
    
  17.     nopreempt
    18.  
    
  18.     advert_int 1
    19.  
    
  19.     authentication {
    20.  
    
  20.         auth_type PASS
    21.  
    
  21.         auth_pass 1111
    22.  
    
  22.     }
    23.  
    
  23.     track_script {
    24.  
    
  24.         chk_nginx
    25.  
    
  25.     }
    26.  
    
  26.     virtual_ipaddress {
    27.  
    
  27.         172.18.0.210
    28.  
    
  28.     }
    29.

11 修改nginx的配置文件

vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf

  
    
    
  

   
     
     
   
     
    
  1. upstream tomcat{
    2.  
    
  2.   server 172.18.0.11:80;
    3.  
    
  3.   server 172.18.0.12:80;
    4.  
    
  4.   server 172.18.0.13:80;
    5.  
    
  5. }
    6.  
    
  6. server {
    7.  
    
  7.     listen       80;
    8.  
    
  8.     server_name  172.18.0.210;
    9.  
    
  9.     #charset koi8-r;
    10.  
    
  10.     #access_log  /var/log/nginx/host.access.log  main;
    11.  
    
  11.     location / {
    12.  
    
  12.         proxy_pass http://tomcat;
    13.  
    
  13.         index index.html index.html;
    14.  
    
  14.     }
    15.  
    
  15.     #error_page  404              /404.html;
    16.  
    
  16.     # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
    17.  
    
  17.     #
    18.  
    
  18.     error_page   500502503504  /50x.html;
    19.  
    
  19.     location = /50x.html {
    20.  
    
  20.         root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
    21.  
    
  21.     }
    22.  
    
  22.     # proxy the php scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
    23.  
    
  23.     #
    24.  
    
  24.     #location ~ .php$ {
    25.  
    
  25.     #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
    26.  
    
  26.     #}
    27.  
    
  27.     # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
    28.  
    
  28.     #
    29.  
    
  29.     #location ~ .php$ {
    30.  
    
  30.     #    root           html;
    31.  
    
  31.     #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
    32.  
    
  32.     #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
    33.  
    
  33.     #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
    34.  
    
  34.     #    include        fastcgi_params;
    35.  
    
  35.     #}
    36.  
    
  36.     # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
    37.  
    
  37.     # concurs with nginx's one
    38.  
    
  38.     #
    39.  
    
  39.     #location ~ /.ht {
    40.  
    
  40.     #    deny  all;
    41.

12 添加心跳检测文件

  
    
    
  

   
     
     
   
     
    
  1. vim nginx_check.sh
    2.  
    
  2. #以下是脚本内容
    3.  
    
  3. #!/bin/bash
    4.  
    
  4. A=`ps -C nginx –no-header |wc -l`
    5.  
    
  5. if[ $A -eq 0];then
    6.  
    
  6.     /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
    7.  
    
  7.     sleep 2
    8.  
    
  8.     if[ `ps -C nginx --no-header |wc -l`-eq 0];then
    9.  
    
  9.         killall keepalived
    10.  
    
  10.     fi
    11.  
    
  11. fi
    12.

13 给脚本赋予执行权限

  
    
    
  

   
     
     
   
     
    
  1. chmod +x nginx_check.sh
    2.

14 设置开机启动

  
    
    
  

   
     
     
   
     
    
  1. systemctl enable keepalived.service
    2.  
    
  2. #开启keepalived
    3.  
    
  3. systemctl daemon-reload
    4.  
    
  4. systemctl start keepalived.service
    5.

15 检测虚拟IP是否成功

  
    
    
  

   
     
     
   
     
    
  1. ping 172.18.0.210
    2.

16 将centos_temp 容器重新打包成镜像

  
    
    
  

   
     
     
   
     
    
  1. docker commit -a 'cfh'-m 'centos with keepalived nginx' centos_temp centos_kn
    2.

17 删除所有容器

  
    
    
  

   
     
     
   
     
    
  1. docker rm -f `docker ps -a -q`
    2.

18 使用之前打包的镜像重新创建容器

取名为centos_web_master,和centos_web_slave

  
    
    
  

   
     
     
   
     
    
  1. docker run --privileged  -tid 
    2.  
    
  2. --name centos_web_master --restart=always 
    3.  
    
  3. --net mynet --ip 172.18.0.201 
    4.  
    
  4. centos_kn /usr/sbin/init
    5.  
    
  5. docker run --privileged  -tid 
    6.  
    
  6. --name centos_web_slave --restart=always 
    7.  
    
  7. --net mynet --ip 172.18.0.202 
    8.  
    
  8. centos_kn /usr/sbin/init
    9.

19 修改centos_web_slave里面的nginx和keepalived的配置文件

keepalived修改地方如下

  
    
    
  

   
     
     
   
     
    
  1.  state SLAVE #设置为从服务器
    2.  
    
  2.  mcast_src_ip 172.18.0.202  #修改为本机的IP
    3.  
    
  3.  priority 80  #权重设置比master小
    4.

Nginx配置如下

  
    
    
  

   
     
     
   
     
    
  1. upstream tomcat{
    2.  
    
  2.   server 172.18.0.14:80;
    3.  
    
  3.   server 172.18.0.15:80;
    4.  
    
  4.   server 172.18.0.16:80;
    5.  
    
  5. }
    6.  
    
  6. server {
    7.  
    
  7.     listen       80;
    8.  
    
  8.     server_name  172.18.0.210;
    9.  
    
  9.     #charset koi8-r;
    10.  
    
  10.     #access_log  /var/log/nginx/host.access.log  main;
    11.  
    
  11.     location / {
    12.  
    
  12.         proxy_pass http://tomcat;
    13.  
    
  13.         index index.html index.html;
    14.  
    
  14.     }
    15.  
    
  15.     #error_page  404              /404.html;
    16.  
    
  16.     # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
    17.  
    
  17.     #
    18.  
    
  18.     error_page   500502503504  /50x.html;
    19.  
    
  19.     location = /50x.html {
    20.  
    
  20.         root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
    21.  
    
  21.     }
    22.  
    
  22.     # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
    23.  
    
  23.     #
    24.  
    
  24.     #location ~ .php$ {
    25.  
    
  25.     #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
    26.  
    
  26.     #}
    27.  
    
  27.     # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
    28.  
    
  28.     #
    29.  
    
  29.     #location ~ .php$ {
    30.  
    
  30.     #    root           html;
    31.  
    
  31.     #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
    32.  
    
  32.     #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
    33.  
    
  33.     #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
    34.  
    
  34.     #    include        fastcgi_params;
    35.  
    
  35.     #}
    36.  
    
  36.     # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
    37.  
    
  37.     # concurs with nginx's one
    38.  
    
  38.     #
    39.  
    
  39.     #location ~ /.ht {
    40.  
    
  40.     #    deny  all;
    41.

重启keepalived和nginx

  
    
    
  

   
     
     
   
     
    
  1. systemctl daemon-reload
    2.  
    
  2. systemctl restart keepalived.service
    3.  
    
  3. systemctl restart nginx.service
    4.

20 使用Nginx启动6台前端服务器

  
    
    
  

   
     
     
   
     
    
  1. docker pull nginx
    2.  
    
  2. nginx_web_1='/home/root123/cfh/nginx1'
    3.  
    
  3. nginx_web_2='/home/root123/cfh/nginx2'
    4.  
    
  4. nginx_web_3='/home/root123/cfh/nginx3'
    5.  
    
  5. nginx_web_4='/home/root123/cfh/nginx4'
    6.  
    
  6. nginx_web_5='/home/root123/cfh/nginx5'
    7.  
    
  7. nginx_web_6='/home/root123/cfh/nginx6'
    8.  
    
  8. mkdir -p ${nginx_web_1}/conf ${nginx_web_1}/conf.d ${nginx_web_1}/html ${nginx_web_1}/logs
    9.  
    
  9. mkdir -p ${nginx_web_2}/conf ${nginx_web_2}/conf.d ${nginx_web_2}/html ${nginx_web_2}/logs
    10.  
    
  10. mkdir -p ${nginx_web_3}/conf ${nginx_web_3}/conf.d ${nginx_web_3}/html ${nginx_web_3}/logs
    11.  
    
  11. mkdir -p ${nginx_web_4}/conf ${nginx_web_4}/conf.d ${nginx_web_4}/html ${nginx_web_4}/logs
    12.  
    
  12. mkdir -p ${nginx_web_5}/conf ${nginx_web_5}/conf.d ${nginx_web_5}/html ${nginx_web_5}/logs
    13.  
    
  13. mkdir -p ${nginx_web_6}/conf ${nginx_web_6}/conf.d ${nginx_web_6}/html ${nginx_web_6}/logs
    14.  
    
  14. docker run -it --name temp_nginx -d nginx
    15.  
    
  15. docker ps
    16.  
    
  16. docker cp temp_nginx:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf ${nginx_web_1}/conf
    17.  
    
  17. docker cp temp_nginx:/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf  ${nginx_web_1}/conf.d/default.conf
    18.  
    
  18. docker cp temp_nginx:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf ${nginx_web_2}/conf
    19.  
    
  19. docker cp temp_nginx:/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf  ${nginx_web_2}/conf.d/default.conf
    20.  
    
  20. docker cp temp_nginx:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf ${nginx_web_3}/conf
    21.  
    
  21. docker cp temp_nginx:/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf  ${nginx_web_3}/conf.d/default.conf
    22.  
    
  22. docker cp temp_nginx:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf ${nginx_web_4}/conf
    23.  
    
  23. docker cp temp_nginx:/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf  ${nginx_web_4}/conf.d/default.conf
    24.  
    
  24. docker cp temp_nginx:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf ${nginx_web_5}/conf
    25.  
    
  25. docker cp temp_nginx:/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf  ${nginx_web_5}/conf.d/default.conf
    26.  
    
  26. docker cp temp_nginx:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf ${nginx_web_6}/conf
    27.  
    
  27. docker cp temp_nginx:/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf  ${nginx_web_6}/conf.d/default.conf
    28.  
    
  28. docker rm -f temp_nginx
    29.  
    
  29. docker run -d  --name nginx_web_1 
    30.  
    
  30. --network=mynet --ip 172.18.0.11 
    31.  
    
  31. -v /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime -e TZ=Asia/Shanghai 
    32.  
    
  32. -v ${nginx_web_1}/html/:/usr/share/nginx/html 
    33.  
    
  33. -v ${nginx_web_1}/conf/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf 
    34.  
    
  34. -v ${nginx_web_1}/conf.d/default.conf:/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf 
    35.  
    
  35. -v ${nginx_web_1}/logs/:/var/log/nginx --privileged --restart=always nginx
    36.  
    
  36. docker run -d  --name nginx_web_2 
    37.  
    
  37. --network=mynet --ip 172.18.0.12 
    38.  
    
  38. -v /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime -e TZ=Asia/Shanghai 
    39.  
    
  39. -v ${nginx_web_2}/html/:/usr/share/nginx/html 
    40.  
    
  40. -v ${nginx_web_2}/conf/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf 
    41.  
    
  41. -v ${nginx_web_2}/conf.d/default.conf:/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf 
    42.  
    
  42. -v ${nginx_web_2}/logs/:/var/log/nginx --privileged --restart=always nginx
    43.  
    
  43. docker run -d  --name nginx_web_3 
    44.  
    
  44. --network=mynet --ip 172.18.0.13 
    45.  
    
  45. -v /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime -e TZ=Asia/Shanghai 
    46.  
    
  46. -v ${nginx_web_3}/html/:/usr/share/nginx/html 
    47.  
    
  47. -v ${nginx_web_3}/conf/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf 
    48.  
    
  48. -v ${nginx_web_3}/conf.d/default.conf:/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf 
    49.  
    
  49. -v ${nginx_web_3}/logs/:/var/log/nginx --privileged --restart=always nginx
    50.  
    
  50. docker run -d  --name nginx_web_4 
    51.  
    
  51. --network=mynet --ip 172.18.0.14 
    52.  
    
  52. -v /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime -e TZ=Asia/Shanghai 
    53.  
    
  53. -v ${nginx_web_4}/html/:/usr/share/nginx/html 
    54.  
    
  54. -v ${nginx_web_4}/conf/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf 
    55.  
    
  55. -v ${nginx_web_4}/conf.d/default.conf:/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf 
    56.  
    
  56. -v ${nginx_web_4}/logs/:/var/log/nginx --privileged --restart=always nginx
    57.  
    
  57. docker run -d  --name nginx_web_5 
    58.  
    
  58. --network=mynet --ip 172.18.0.15 
    59.  
    
  59. -v /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime -e TZ=Asia/Shanghai 
    60.  
    
  60. -v ${nginx_web_5}/html/:/usr/share/nginx/html 
    61.  
    
  61. -v ${nginx_web_5}/conf/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf 
    62.  
    
  62. -v ${nginx_web_5}/conf.d/default.conf:/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf 
    63.  
    
  63. -v ${nginx_web_5}/logs/:/var/log/nginx --privileged --restart=always nginx
    64.  
    
  64. docker run -d  --name nginx_web_6 
    65.  
    
  65. --network=mynet --ip 172.18.0.16 
    66.  
    
  66. -v /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime -e TZ=Asia/Shanghai 
    67.  
    
  67. -v ${nginx_web_6}/html/:/usr/share/nginx/html 
    68.  
    
  68. -v ${nginx_web_6}/conf/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf 
    69.  
    
  69. -v ${nginx_web_6}/conf.d/default.conf:/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf 
    70.  
    
  70. -v ${nginx_web_6}/logs/:/var/log/nginx --privileged --restart=always nginx
    71.  
    
  71. cd ${nginx_web_1}/html
    72.  
    
  72. cp /home/server/envconf/index.html ${nginx_web_1}/html/index.html
    73.  
    
  73. cd ${nginx_web_2}/html
    74.  
    
  74. cp /home/server/envconf/index.html ${nginx_web_2}/html/index.html
    75.  
    
  75. cd ${nginx_web_3}/html
    76.  
    
  76. cp /home/server/envconf/index.html ${nginx_web_3}/html/index.html
    77.  
    
  77. cd ${nginx_web_4}/html
    78.  
    
  78. cp /home/server/envconf/index.html ${nginx_web_4}/html/index.html
    79.  
    
  79. cd ${nginx_web_5}/html
    80.  
    
  80. cp /home/server/envconf/index.html ${nginx_web_5}/html/index.html
    81.  
    
  81. cd ${nginx_web_6}/html
    82.  
    
  82. cp /home/server/envconf/index.html ${ngi
    83.

/home/server/envconf/ 是我自己存放文件的地方，读者可自行新建目录,下面附上index.html文件内容

  
    
    
  

   
     
     
   
     
    
  1. <!DOCTYPE html>
    2.  
    
  2. <htmllang="en"xmlns:v-on="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
    3.  
    
  3. <head>
    4.  
    
  4.     <metacharset="UTF-8">
    5.  
    
  5.     <title>主从测试</title>
    6.  
    
  6. </head>
    7.  
    
  7. <scriptsrc="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/vue"></script>
    8.  
    
  8. <scriptsrc="https://cdn.staticfile.org/vue-resource/1.5.1/vue-resource.min.js"></script>
    9.  
    
  9. <body>
    10.  
    
  10. <divid="app"style="height: 300px;width: 600px">
    11.  
    
  11.     <h1style="color: red">我是前端工程 WEB 页面</h1>
    12.  
    
  12.     <br>
    13.  
    
  13.     showMsg:{{message}}
    14.  
    
  14.     <br>
    15.  
    
  15.     <br>
    16.  
    
  16.     <br>
    17.  
    
  17.     <buttonv-on:click="getMsg">获取后台数据</button>
    18.  
    
  18. </div>
    19.  
    
  19. </body>
    20.  
    
  20. </html>
    21.  
    
  21. <script>
    22.  
    
  22.     var app = new Vue({
    23.  
    
  23.         el: '#app',
    24.  
    
  24.         data: {
    25.  
    
  25.             message: 'Hello Vue!'
    26.  
    
  26.         },
    27.  
    
  27.         methods: {
    28.  
    
  28.             getMsg: function () {
    29.  
    
  29.                 var ip="http://192.168.227.99"
    30.  
    
  30.                 var that=this;
    31.  
    
  31.                 //发送get请求
    32.  
    
  32.                 that.$http.get(ip+'/api/test').then(function(res){
    33.  
    
  33.                    that.message=res.data;
    34.  
    
  34.                 },function(){
    35.  
    
  35.                     console.log('请求失败处理');
    36.  
    
  36.                 });
    37.  
    
  37. ;            }
    38.  
    
  38.         }
    39.  
    
  39.     })
    40.  
    
  40. </
    41.

21 浏览器访问 192.168.227.88,会看到index.html显示的界面。

22 测试

Docker容器实现后端主从热备系统

1 创建Dockerfile文件

  
    
    
  

   
     
     
   
     
    
  1. FROM openjdk:10
    2.  
    
  2. MAINTAINER cfh
    3.  
    
  3. WORKDIR /home/soft
    4.  
    
  4. CMD ["nohup","java","-jar","docker_server.jar"]
    5.

2 构建镜像

  
    
    
  

   
     
     
   
     
    
  1. docker build -t myopenjdk .
    2.

3 使用构建的镜像创建6台后端服务器

  
    
    
  

   
     
     
   
     
    
  1. docker volume create S1
    2.  
    
  2. docker volume inspect S1
    3.  
    
  3. docker volume create S2
    4.  
    
  4. docker volume inspect S2
    5.  
    
  5. docker volume create S3
    6.  
    
  6. docker volume inspect S3
    7.  
    
  7. docker volume create S4
    8.  
    
  8. docker volume inspect S4
    9.  
    
  9. docker volume create S5
    10.  
    
  10. docker volume inspect S5
    11.  
    
  11. docker volume create S6
    12.  
    
  12. docker volume inspect S6
    13.  
    
  13. cd /var/lib/docker/volumes/S1/_data
    14.  
    
  14. cp /home/server/envconf/docker_server.jar /var/lib/docker/volumes/S1/_data/docker_server.jar
    15.  
    
  15. cd /var/lib/docker/volumes/S2/_data
    16.  
    
  16. cp /home/server/envconf/docker_server.jar /var/lib/docker/volumes/S2/_data/docker_server.jar
    17.  
    
  17. cd /var/lib/docker/volumes/S3/_data
    18.  
    
  18. cp /home/server/envconf/docker_server.jar /var/lib/docker/volumes/S3/_data/docker_server.jar
    19.  
    
  19. cd /var/lib/docker/volumes/S4/_data
    20.  
    
  20. cp /home/server/envconf/docker_server.jar /var/lib/docker/volumes/S4/_data/docker_server.jar
    21.  
    
  21. cd /var/lib/docker/volumes/S5/_data
    22.  
    
  22. cp /home/server/envconf/docker_server.jar /var/lib/docker/volumes/S5/_data/docker_server.jar
    23.  
    
  23. cd /var/lib/docker/volumes/S6/_data
    24.  
    
  24. cp /home/server/envconf/docker_server.jar /var/lib/docker/volumes/S6/_data/docker_server.jar
    25.  
    
  25. docker run -it -d --name server_1  -v S1:/home/soft  -v /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime -e TZ=Asia/Shanghai--net mynet --ip 172.18.0.101--restart=always myopenjdk
    26.  
    
  26. docker run -it -d --name server_2  -v S2:/home/soft  -v /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime -e TZ=Asia/Shanghai--net mynet --ip 172.18.0.102--restart=always myopenjdk
    27.  
    
  27. docker run -it -d --name server_3  -v S3:/home/soft  -v /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime -e TZ=Asia/Shanghai--net mynet --ip 172.18.0.103--restart=always myopenjdk
    28.  
    
  28. docker run -it -d --name server_4  -v S4:/home/soft  -v /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime -e TZ=Asia/Shanghai--net mynet --ip 172.18.0.104--restart=always myopenjdk
    29.  
    
  29. docker run -it -d --name server_5  -v S5:/home/soft  -v /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime -e TZ=Asia/Shanghai--net mynet --ip 172.18.0.105--restart=always myopenjdk
    30.  
    
  30. docker run -it -d --name server_6  -v S6:/home/soft  -v /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime -e TZ=Asia/Shanghai--net mynet --ip 172.18.0.106--restar
    31.

docker_server.jar为测试程序，主要代码如下

  
    
    
  

   
     
     
   
     
    
  1. import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    2.  
    
  2. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    3.  
    
  3. import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
    4.  
    
  4. import java.util.Map;
    5.  
    
  5. @RestController
    6.  
    
  6. @RequestMapping("api")
    7.  
    
  7. @CrossOrigin("*")
    8.  
    
  8. publicclassTestController{
    9.  
    
  9.     @Value("${server.port}")
    10.  
    
  10.     publicint port;
    11.  
    
  11.     @RequestMapping(value = "/test",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    12.  
    
  12.     publicMap<String,Object> test(HttpServletResponse response){
    13.  
    
  13.         response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*");
    14.  
    
  14.         response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "GET");
    15.  
    
  15.         response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Headers","token");
    16.  
    
  16.         Map<String,Object> objectMap=newLinkedHashMap<>();
    17.  
    
  17.         objectMap.put("code",10000);
    18.  
    
  18.         objectMap.put("msg","ok");
    19.  
    
  19.         objectMap.put("server_port","服务器端口:"+port);
    20.  
    
  20.         return objectMap;
    21.  
    
  21.     }
    22.

4 创建后端的主从容器

主服务器

  
    
    
  

   
     
     
   
     
    
  1. docker run --privileged  -tid --name centos_server_master --restart=always --net mynet --ip 172.18.0.203 centos_kn /usr/sbin/init
    2.

主服务器keepalived配置

  
    
    
  

   
     
     
   
     
    
  1. vrrp_script chk_nginx {
    2.  
    
  2.     script "/etc/keepalived/nginx_check.sh"
    3.  
    
  3.     interval 2
    4.  
    
  4.     weight -20
    5.  
    
  5. }
    6.  
    
  6. vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    7.  
    
  7.     state MASTER
    8.  
    
  8.     interface eth0
    9.  
    
  9.     virtual_router_id 110
    10.  
    
  10.     mcast_src_ip 172.18.0.203
    11.  
    
  11.     priority 100
    12.  
    
  12.     nopreempt
    13.  
    
  13.     advert_int 1
    14.  
    
  14.     authentication {
    15.  
    
  15.         auth_type PASS
    16.  
    
  16.         auth_pass 1111
    17.  
    
  17.     }
    18.  
    
  18.     track_script {
    19.  
    
  19.         chk_nginx
    20.  
    
  20.     }
    21.  
    
  21.     virtual_ipaddress {
    22.  
    
  22.         172.18.0.220
    23.  
    
  23.     }
    24.

主服务器nginx配置

  
    
    
  

   
     
     
   
     
    
  1. upstream tomcat{
    2.  
    
  2.   server 172.18.0.101:6001;
    3.  
    
  3.   server 172.18.0.102:6002;
    4.  
    
  4.   server 172.18.0.103:6003;
    5.  
    
  5. }
    6.  
    
  6. server {
    7.  
    
  7.     listen       80;
    8.  
    
  8.     server_name  172.18.0.220;
    9.  
    
  9.     #charset koi8-r;
    10.  
    
  10.     #access_log  /var/log/nginx/host.access.log  main;
    11.  
    
  11.     location / {
    12.  
    
  12.         proxy_pass http://tomcat;
    13.  
    
  13.         index index.html index.html;
    14.  
    
  14.     }
    15.  
    
  15.     #error_page  404              /404.html;
    16.  
    
  16.     # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
    17.  
    
  17.     #
    18.  
    
  18.     error_page   500502503504  /50x.html;
    19.  
    
  19.     location = /50x.html {
    20.  
    
  20.         root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
    21.  
    
  21.     }
    22.  
    
  22.     # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
    23.  
    
  23.     #
    24.  
    
  24.     #location ~ .php$ {
    25.  
    
  25.     #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
    26.  
    
  26.     #}
    27.  
    
  27.     # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
    28.  
    
  28.     #
    29.  
    
  29.     #location ~ .php$ {
    30.  
    
  30.     #    root           html;
    31.  
    
  31.     #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
    32.  
    
  32.     #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
    33.  
    
  33.     #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
    34.  
    
  34.     #    include        fastcgi_params;
    35.  
    
  35.     #}
    36.  
    
  36.     # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
    37.  
    
  37.     # concurs with nginx's one
    38.  
    
  38.     #
    39.  
    
  39.     #location ~ /.ht {
    40.  
    
  40.     #    deny  all;
    41.

重启keepalived和nginx

  
    
    
  

   
     
     
   
     
    
  1. systemctl daemon-reload
    2.  
    
  2. systemctl restart keepalived.service
    3.  
    
  3. systemctl restart nginx.service
    4.

从服务器

  
    
    
  

   
     
     
   
     
    
  1. docker run --privileged  -tid --name centos_server_slave --restart=always --net mynet --ip 172.18.0.204 centos_kn /usr/sbin/init
    2.

从服务器的keepalived配置

  
    
    
  

   
     
     
   
     
    
  1. cript chk_nginx {
    2.  
    
  2.     script "/etc/keepalived/nginx_check.sh"
    3.  
    
  3.     interval 2
    4.  
    
  4.     weight -20
    5.  
    
  5. }
    6.  
    
  6. vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    7.  
    
  7.     state SLAVE
    8.  
    
  8.     interface eth0
    9.  
    
  9.     virtual_router_id 110
    10.  
    
  10.     mcast_src_ip 172.18.0.204
    11.  
    
  11.     priority 80
    12.  
    
  12.     nopreempt
    13.  
    
  13.     advert_int 1
    14.  
    
  14.     authentication {
    15.  
    
  15.         auth_type PASS
    16.  
    
  16.         auth_pass 1111
    17.  
    
  17.     }
    18.  
    
  18.     track_script {
    19.  
    
  19.         chk_nginx
    20.  
    
  20.     }
    21.  
    
  21.     virtual_ipaddress {
    22.  
    
  22.         172.18.0.220
    23.  
    
  23.     }
    24.

从服务器的nginx配置

  
    
    
  

   
     
     
   
     
    
  1. upstream tomcat{
    2.  
    
  2.   server 172.18.0.104:6004;
    3.  
    
  3.   server 172.18.0.105:6005;
    4.  
    
  4.   server 172.18.0.106:6006;
    5.  
    
  5. }
    6.  
    
  6. server {
    7.  
    
  7.     listen       80;
    8.  
    
  8.     server_name  172.18.0.220;
    9.  
    
  9.     #charset koi8-r;
    10.  
    
  10.     #access_log  /var/log/nginx/host.access.log  main;
    11.  
    
  11.     location / {
    12.  
    
  12.         proxy_pass http://tomcat;
    13.  
    
  13.         index index.html index.html;
    14.  
    
  14.     }
    15.  
    
  15.     #error_page  404              /404.html;
    16.  
    
  16.     # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
    17.  
    
  17.     #
    18.  
    
  18.     error_page   500502503504  /50x.html;
    19.  
    
  19.     location = /50x.html {
    20.  
    
  20.         root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
    21.  
    
  21.     }
    22.  
    
  22.     # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
    23.  
    
  23.     #
    24.  
    
  24.     #location ~ .php$ {
    25.  
    
  25.     #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
    26.  
    
  26.     #}
    27.  
    
  27.     # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
    28.  
    
  28.     #
    29.  
    
  29.     #location ~ .php$ {
    30.  
    
  30.     #    root           html;
    31.  
    
  31.     #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
    32.  
    
  32.     #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
    33.  
    
  33.     #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
    34.  
    
  34.     #    include        fastcgi_params;
    35.  
    
  35.     #}
    36.  
    
  36.     # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
    37.  
    
  37.     # concurs with nginx's one
    38.  
    
  38.     #
    39.  
    
  39.     #location ~ /.ht {
    40.  
    
  40.     #    deny  all;
    41.

重启keepalived和nginx

  
    
    
  

   
     
     
   
     
    
  1. systemctl daemon-reload
    2.  
    
  2. systemctl restart keepalived.service
    3.  
    
  3. systemctl restart nginx.service
    4.

命令行验证

2万字，实战 Docker 部署：完整的前后端，主从热备高可用服务！！

浏览器验证

2万字，实战 Docker 部署：完整的前后端，主从热备高可用服务！！

portainer安装

它是容器管理界面，可以看到容器的运行状态

  
    
    
  

   
     
     
   
     
    
  1. docker search portainer
    2.  
    
  2. docker pull portainer/portainer
    3.  
    
  3. docker run -d -p 9000:9000 
    4.  
    
  4.     --restart=always 
    5.  
    
  5.     -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock 
    6.  
    
  6.     --name prtainer-eureka
    7.  
    
  7.     portainer/portainer
    8.  
    
  8. http://192.168.227.171:90
    9.

首次进入的时候需要输入密码，默认账号为admin，密码创建之后页面跳转到下一界面，选择管理本地的容器，也就是Local,点击确定。

2万字，实战 Docker 部署：完整的前后端，主从热备高可用服务！！

结语：

另外Docker的三要素要搞明白:镜像/容器，数据卷，网络管理。

文章永久链接：

https://tech.souyunku.com/?p=43138

阅读原文： 最新 3625页大厂面试题 

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