matab基于形态学实现二值化条形码识别

Posted 2021-06-26 博主QQ2449341593

一、简介
1 图像的二值化的基本原理
图像的二值化处理就是讲图像上的点的灰度置为0或255，也就是讲整个图像呈现出明显的黑白效果。即将256个亮度等级的灰度图像通过适当的阀值选取而获得仍然可以反映图像整体和局部特征的二值化图像。在数字图像处理中，二值图像占有非常重要的地位，特别是在实用的图像处理中，以二值图像处理实现而构成的系统是很多的，要进行二值图像的处理与分析，首先要把灰度图像二值化，得到二值化图像，这样子有利于再对图像做进一步处理时，图像的集合性质只与像素值为0或255的点的位置有关，不再涉及像素的多级值，使处理变得简单，而且数据的处理和压缩量小。为了得到理想的二值图像，一般采用封闭、连通的边界定义不交叠的区域。所有灰度大于或等于阀值的像素被判定为属于特定物体，其灰度值为255表示，否则这些像素点被排除在物体区域以外，灰度值为0，表示背景或者例外的物体区域。如果某特定物体在内部有均匀一致的灰度值，并且其处在一个具有其他等级灰度值的均匀背景下，使用阀值法就可以得到比较的分割效果。如果物体同背景的差别表现不在灰度值上（比如纹理不同），可以将这个差别特征转换为灰度的差别，然后利用阀值选取技术来分割该图像。动态调节阀值实现图像的二值化可动态观察其分割图像的具体结果。

二值化是图像分割的一种方法。在二值化图象的时候把大于某个临界灰度值的像素灰度设为灰度極大值，把小于这个值的像素灰度设为灰度極小值，从而实现二值化。
根据阈值选取的不同，二值化的算法分为固定阈值和自适应阈值。 比较常用的二值化方法则有：双峰法、P参数法、迭代法和OTSU法等。

function varargout = untitled(varargin)
% UNTITLED M-file for untitled.fig
%      UNTITLED, by itself, creates a new UNTITLED or raises the existing
%      singleton*.
%
%      H = UNTITLED returns the handle to a new UNTITLED or the handle to
%      the existing singleton*.
%
%      UNTITLED('CALLBACK',hObject,eventData,handles,...) calls the local
%      function named CALLBACK in UNTITLED.M with the given input arguments.
%
%      UNTITLED('Property','Value',...) creates a new UNTITLED or raises the
%      existing singleton*.  Starting from the left, property value pairs are
%      applied to the GUI before untitled_OpeningFcn gets called.  An
%      unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application
%      stop.  All inputs are passed to untitled_OpeningFcn via varargin.
%
%      *See GUI Options on GUIDE's Tools menu.  Choose "GUI allows only one
%      instance to run (singleton)".
%
% See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES

% Edit the above text to modify the response to help untitled

% Last Modified by GUIDE v2.5 03-Nov-2011 13:59:22

% Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
gui_Singleton = 1;
gui_State = struct('gui_Name',       mfilename, ...
                   'gui_Singleton',  gui_Singleton, ...
                   'gui_OpeningFcn', @untitled_OpeningFcn, ...
                   'gui_OutputFcn',  @untitled_OutputFcn, ...
                   'gui_LayoutFcn',  [] , ...
                   'gui_Callback',   []);
if nargin && ischar(varargin{1})
    gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1});
end

if nargout
    [varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
else
    gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
end
% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT


% --- Executes just before untitled is made visible.
function untitled_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)
% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.
% hObject    handle to figure
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% varargin   command line arguments to untitled (see VARARGIN)

% Choose default command line output for untitled
handles.output = hObject;
image1=imread('1.bmp');
axes(handles.axes1);
imshow(image1);

% Update handles structure
guidata(hObject, handles);

% UIWAIT makes untitled wait for user response (see UIRESUME)
% uiwait(handles.figure1);


% --- Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.
function varargout = untitled_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles) 
% varargout  cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);
% hObject    handle to figure
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% Get default command line output from handles structure
varargout{1} = handles.output;

% --- Executes on mouse press over axes background.

% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton1.
function pushbutton1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to pushbutton1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

global im;
%提取条形码区域构成的矩形的左上角坐标
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
image=im;
l1=rgb2gray(image);
level=graythresh(l1);
l2=im2bw(l1,level);
l3=~l2;
l4=bwareaopen(l3,50);
l5=~l4;
l6=edge(l1,'canny');
l7=imclose(l6,strel('rectangle',[2,19]));
l8=imopen(l7,strel('rectangle',[2,19]));
l9=imopen(l8,strel('rectangle',[2,19]));
[L,num]=bwlabel(l9,8);
STATS=regionprops(L,'all');
a=length(STATS);
%figure,imshow(L);
%hold on;
b=0;
for i=1:a
    temp=STATS(i).BoundingBox;
    s=temp(3)*temp(4);
    if s>b
        b=s;
        k=i;%记录面积最大的标记区域的索引值
    end
end
%rectangle('position',STATS(k).BoundingBox,'edgecolor','r');%绘制最大标记区域的外接矩形
temp=STATS(k).BoundingBox;
Rx=round(temp(1));Ry=round(temp(2));%提取条形码区域左上角的坐标
Rwidth=round(temp(3));Rlength=round(temp(4));


%初始化
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
check_left = [13,25,19,61,35,49,47,59,55,11;...	%左边数据编码，奇
              39,51,27,33,29,57, 5,17, 9,23];	%左边数据编码，偶
check_right = [114,102,108,66,92,78,80,68,72,116];	%右边数据编码
first_num = [31,20,18,17,12,6,3,10,9,5];    %第一位数据编码
bar = im;  %读输入条形码图片
bar_Gray = rgb2gray(bar);   %将RGB图片转换灰度图

[a_hist x] = imhist(bar_Gray);   %绘制灰度直方图，返回直方图数据向量a_hist，和相应的色彩值向量x


    check_code = 10 - check_code;
end

if check_code==str2num(num_bar(13)) %判断校验码是否正确
    code = num_bar
else
  %  fprintf(1,'Please Turn It Around!\\n');
  str='Please Turn It Around!';
    set(handles.text4,'string',str);
    return
end
%c=num2str(code);
set(handles.text1,'string',code);
set(handles.text4,'string','');
guidata(hObject,handles);


% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.

% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton2.
function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
set(handles.text1,'string','');
[filename,pathname]=...
    uigetfile({'*.jpg';'*.tif';'*.bmp';'*.gif';'*.*'},'选择图片');
if pathname == 0
    return;
end
str=[pathname filename];
global im;
im=imread(str);
axes(handles.axes1);
imshow(im);


% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function axes1_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to axes1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called

% Hint: place code in OpeningFcn to populate axes1

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