SR-IOV(Single Root I/O Virtualization):将PCIe共享给虚拟机的标准
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目录
SR-IOV
(Single Root I/O Virtualization
)是一个将PCIe
共享给虚拟机的标准,通过为虚拟机提供独立的内存空间、中断、DMA
流,来绕过VMM
实现数据访问。SR-IOV基于两种PCIe functions
:
PF
(Physical Function
): 包含完整的PCIe
功能,包括SR-IOV
的扩张能力,该功能用于SR-IOV
的配置和管理。FV
(Virtual Function
): 包含轻量级的PCIe
功能。每一个VF
有它自己独享的PCI
配置区域,并且可能与其他VF
共享着同一个物理资源
SR-IOV要求
CPU
必须支持IOMMU
(比如英特尔的VT-d
或者AMD
的AMD-Vi
,Power8
处理器默认支持IOMMU
)- 固件
Firmware
必须支持IOMMU
CPU
根桥必须支持ACS
或者ACS
等价特性PCIe
设备必须支持ACS
或者ACS
等价特性- 建议根桥和
PCIe
设备中间的所有PCIe
交换设备都支持ACS,如果某个PCIe
交换设备不支持ACS
,其后的所有PCIe
设备只能共享某个IOMMU
组,所以只能分配给1台虚机。
SR-IOV vs PCI path-through
架构上的比较(以网卡为例)
Virtio 和 Pass-Through 的详细比较
图片来源slideshare - Kvm performance optimization for ubuntu、KVM 介绍(4):I/O 设备直接分配和 SR-IOV [KVM PCI/PCIe Pass-Through SR-IOV]
SR-IOV vs DPDK
SR-IOV使用示例
开启VF
:
modprobe -r igb
modprobe igb max_vfs=7
echo "options igb max_vfs=7" >>/etc/modprobe.d/igb.conf
查找Virtual Function
:
# lspci | grep 82576
0b:00.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82576 Gigabit Network Connection (rev 01)
0b:00.1 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82576 Gigabit Network Connection(rev 01)
0b:10.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82576 Virtual Function (rev 01)
0b:10.1 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82576 Virtual Function (rev 01)
0b:10.2 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82576 Virtual Function (rev 01)
0b:10.3 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82576 Virtual Function (rev 01)
0b:10.4 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82576 Virtual Function (rev 01)
0b:10.5 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82576 Virtual Function (rev 01)
0b:10.6 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82576 Virtual Function (rev 01)
0b:10.7 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82576 Virtual Function (rev 01)
0b:11.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82576 Virtual Function (rev 01)
0b:11.1 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82576 Virtual Function (rev 01)
0b:11.2 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82576 Virtual Function (rev 01)
0b:11.3 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82576 Virtual Function (rev 01)
0b:11.4 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82576 Virtual Function (rev 01)
0b:11.5 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82576 Virtual Function (rev 01)
# virsh nodedev-list | grep 0b
pci_0000_0b_00_0
pci_0000_0b_00_1
pci_0000_0b_10_0
pci_0000_0b_10_1
pci_0000_0b_10_2
pci_0000_0b_10_3
pci_0000_0b_10_4
pci_0000_0b_10_5
pci_0000_0b_10_6
pci_0000_0b_11_7
pci_0000_0b_11_1
pci_0000_0b_11_2
pci_0000_0b_11_3
pci_0000_0b_11_4
pci_0000_0b_11_5
$ virsh nodedev-dumpxml pci_0000_0b_00_0
<device>
<name>pci_0000_0b_00_0</name>
<parent>pci_0000_00_01_0</parent>
<driver>
<name>igb</name>
</driver>
<capability type='pci'>
<domain>0</domain>
<bus>11</bus>
<slot>0</slot>
<function>0</function>
<product id='0x10c9'>82576 Gigabit Network Connection</product>
<vendor id='0x8086'>Intel Corporation</vendor>
</capability>
</device>
通过libvirt绑定到虚拟机
$ cat >/tmp/interface.xml <<EOF
<interface type='hostdev' managed='yes'>
<source>
<address type='pci' domain='0' bus='11' slot='16' function='0'/>
</source>
</interface>
EOF
$ virsh attach-device MyGuest /tmp/interface. xml --live --config
当然也可以给网卡配置MAC
地址和VLAN
:
<interface type='hostdev' managed='yes'>
<source>
<address type='pci' domain='0' bus='11' slot='16' function='0'/>
</source>
<mac address='52:54:00:6d:90:02'>
<vlan>
<tag id='42'/>
</vlan>
<virtualport type='802.1Qbh'>
<parameters profileid='finance'/>
</virtualport>
</interface>
通过Qemu绑定到虚拟机
/usr/bin/qemu-kvm -name vdisk -enable-kvm -m 512 -smp 2 \\
-hda /mnt/nfs/vdisk.img \\
-monitor stdio \\
-vnc 0.0.0.0:0 \\
-device pci-assign,host=0b:00.0
优缺点
Pros
:
- More Scalable than Direct Assign
- Security through IOMMU and function isolation
- Control Plane separation through PF/VF notion
- High packet rate, Low CPU, Low latency thanks to Direct Pass through
Cons
:
- Rigid: Composability issues
- Control plane is pass through, puts pressure on Hardware resources
- Parts of the PCIe config space are direct map from Hardware
- Limited scalability (16 bit)
- SR-IOV NIC forces switching features into the HW
- All the Switching Features in the Hardware or nothing
参考
- Intel SR-IOV Configuration Guide
- OpenStack SR-IOV Passthrough for Networking
- Redhat OpenStack SR-IOV Configure
- SDN Fundamentails for NFV, Openstack and Containers
- I/O设备直接分配和SRIOV
- Libvirt PCI passthrough of host network devices
- Story of Network Virtualization and its future in Software and Hardware
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