MySQL备份工具xtrabackup介绍和安装部署

Posted 2021-06-08 白-胖-子

xtrabackup 工具介绍

• mysqpdump做不到增量备份、差异备份
• xtrabackup都能做，功能强大
• percona提供的mysql数据库备份工具，惟一开源的能够对innodb和xtradb数据库进行热备的工具

xtrabackup 特点：

• 备份还原过程快速、可靠
• 备份过程不会打断正在执行的事务
• 能够基于压缩等功能节约磁盘空间和流量
• 自动实现备份检验
• 开源，免费

xtrabackup工具文件组成

历史版本

• Percona XtraBackup 8.0
• Percona XtraBackup 2.4
• Percona XtraBackup 2.3 (EOL)
• Percona XtraBackup 2.2 (EOL)
• Percona XtraBackup 2.1 (EOL)
• Percona XtraBackup 2.0 (EOL)
• Percona XtraBackup 1.6 (EOL)

xtrabackup2.2工具文件组成

Xtrabackup2.2 版之前包括4个可执行文件：

• innobackupex: Perl 脚本
  用来备份非 InnoDB 表，同时会调用 xtrabackup 命令来备份 InnoDB 表，还会和MySQL Server 发送命令进行交互，如加全局读锁（FTWRL）、获取位点（SHOW SLAVE STATUS）等。即innobackupex是在 xtrabackup 之上做了一层封装实现的
• xtrabackup: C/C++，编译的二进制程序
  是用来备份 InnoDB 表的，不能备份非 InnoDB 表，和 MySQL Server 没有交互
• xbcrypt: 加解密
• xbstream: 支持并发写的流文件格式

xtrabackup8.0 新特性

• xtrabackup版本升级到2.4后，相比之前的2.1有了比较大的变化：
  innobackupex 功能全部集成到xtrabackup 里面，只有一个 binary程序，
  为了兼容考虑，innobackupex作为 xtrabackup 的软链接，
  xtrabackup现在支持非Innodb表备份，并且 Innobackupex 在下一版本中移除，
  建议通过xtrabackup替换innobackupex
• xtrabackup8.0 用xtrabackup全搞定了

下载地址

• 官方各版本下载
  https://www.percona.com/downloads/Percona-XtraBackup-LATEST/

• 官方xtrabackup-8.0.23-16

wget https://downloads.percona.com/downloads/Percona-XtraBackup-LATEST/Percona-XtraBackup-8.0.23-16/\\
 binary/tarball/percona-xtrabackup-8.0.23-16-Linux-x86_64.glibc2.17.tar.gz

• 官方xtrabackup-2.4.21

wget https://downloads.percona.com/downloads/Percona-XtraBackup-2.4/Percona-XtraBackup-2.4.21/\\
binary/tarball/percona-xtrabackup-2.4.21-Linux-x86_64.glibc2.12.tar.gz

• 国内清华大学源

wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/percona/pdpxc-8.0.22/yum/release/8Server/RPMS/x86_64/\\
percona-xtrabackup-80-8.0.23-16.1.el8.x86_64.rpm

安装xtrabackup

• xtrabackup为EPEL源软件
• CentOS 7 默认提供版本为2.3

[root@c7-199 ~]# yum info percona-xtrabackup
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
* centosplus: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
* epel: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
* extras: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
* updates: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
Available Packages
Name        : percona-xtrabackup
Arch        : x86_64
Version     : 2.3.6
Release     : 1.el7
Size        : 4.6 M
Repo        : epel/7/x86_64
Summary     : Online backup for InnoDB/XtraDB in MySQL, Percona Server and MariaDB
URL         : http://www.percona.com/software/percona-xtrabackup/
License     : GPLv2
Description : Online backup for InnoDB/XtraDB in MySQL, MariaDB and Percona Server.

• 可直接安装默认2.3.6版

yum -y install percona-xtrabackup

• CentOS 8 默认没有提供此软件

yum info percona-xtrabackup
Last metadata expiration check: 0:18:39 ago on Thu 20 May 2021 05:28:26 PM CST.
Error: No matching Packages to list

CentOS 7 和 8 安装 最新版percona-xtrabackup

下载安装官方yum源仓库

yum install https://repo.percona.com/yum/percona-release-latest.noarch.rpm

查看官方仓库中包含的版本

yum list | grep percona-xtrabackup

• CentOS 7

[root@c7-199 ~]# yum list | grep percona-xtrabackup
percona-xtrabackup.x86_64                 2.3.10-1.el7                 percona-release-x86_64
percona-xtrabackup-22.x86_64              2.2.13-1.el7                 percona-release-x86_64
percona-xtrabackup-22-debuginfo.x86_64    2.2.13-1.el7                 percona-release-x86_64
percona-xtrabackup-24.x86_64              2.4.22-1.el7                 percona-release-x86_64
percona-xtrabackup-24-debuginfo.x86_64    2.4.22-1.el7                 percona-release-x86_64
percona-xtrabackup-80.x86_64              8.0.23-16.1.el7              percona-release-x86_64
percona-xtrabackup-80-debuginfo.x86_64    8.0.23-16.1.el7              percona-release-x86_64
percona-xtrabackup-debuginfo.x86_64       2.3.10-1.el7                 percona-release-x86_64
percona-xtrabackup-test.x86_64            2.3.10-1.el7                 percona-release-x86_64
percona-xtrabackup-test-22.x86_64         2.2.13-1.el7                 percona-release-x86_64
percona-xtrabackup-test-24.x86_64         2.4.22-1.el7                 percona-release-x86_64
percona-xtrabackup-test-80.x86_64         8.0.23-16.1.el7              percona-release-x86_64

• CentOS 8

[root@C8-186 ~]# yum list | grep percona-xtrabackup
percona-xtrabackup-24.x86_64                              2.4.22-1.el8                                      percona-release-x86_64
percona-xtrabackup-24-debuginfo.x86_64                    2.4.22-1.el8                                      percona-release-x86_64
percona-xtrabackup-24-debugsource.x86_64                  2.4.22-1.el8                                      percona-release-x86_64
percona-xtrabackup-80.x86_64                              8.0.23-16.1.el8                                   percona-release-x86_64
percona-xtrabackup-80-debuginfo.x86_64                    8.0.23-16.1.el8                                   percona-release-x86_64
percona-xtrabackup-80-debugsource.x86_64                  8.0.23-16.1.el8                                   percona-release-x86_64
percona-xtrabackup-test-24.x86_64                         2.4.22-1.el8                                      percona-release-x86_64
percona-xtrabackup-test-24-debuginfo.x86_64               2.4.22-1.el8                                      percona-release-x86_64
percona-xtrabackup-test-80.x86_64                         8.0.23-16.1.el8                                   percona-release-x86_64
percona-xtrabackup-test-80-debuginfo.x86_64               8.0.6-1.el8                                       percona-release-x86_64

查看最新安装包信息

• CentOS 7

yum info percona-xtrabackup-80.x86_64
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
 * centosplus: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
 * epel: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
 * extras: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
 * updates: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
Available Packages
Name        : percona-xtrabackup-80
Arch        : x86_64
Version     : 8.0.23
Release     : 16.1.el7
Size        : 13 M
Repo        : percona-release-x86_64/7
Summary     : XtraBackup online backup for MySQL / InnoDB
URL         : http://www.percona.com/software/percona-xtrabackup
License     : GPLv2
Description : Percona XtraBackup is OpenSource online (non-blockable) backup solution for InnoDB and XtraDB
            : engines

• CentOS 8

[root@C8-186 ~]# yum info percona-xtrabackup-80.x86_64
Last metadata expiration check: 0:03:19 ago on Thu 20 May 2021 06:17:35 PM CST.
Available Packages
Name         : percona-xtrabackup-80
Version      : 8.0.23
Release      : 16.1.el8
Architecture : x86_64
Size         : 13 M
Source       : percona-xtrabackup-80-8.0.23-16.1.el8.src.rpm
Repository   : percona-release-x86_64
Summary      : XtraBackup online backup for MySQL / InnoDB
URL          : http://www.percona.com/software/percona-xtrabackup
License      : GPLv2
Description  : Percona XtraBackup is OpenSource online (non-blockable) backup solution for InnoDB and XtraDB engines

安装需要的版本

yum -y install percona-xtrabackup-80

查看安装包部署情况

• CentOS 7

[root@c7-199 ~]# rpm -ql percona-xtrabackup-80
/usr/bin/xbcloud
/usr/bin/xbcloud_osenv
/usr/bin/xbcrypt
/usr/bin/xbstream
/usr/bin/xtrabackup
/usr/lib64/xtrabackup/plugin/keyring_file.so
/usr/lib64/xtrabackup/plugin/keyring_vault.so
/usr/share/doc/percona-xtrabackup-80-8.0.23
/usr/share/doc/percona-xtrabackup-80-8.0.23/LICENSE
/usr/share/man/man1/xbcrypt.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/xbstream.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/xtrabackup.1.gz

• CentOS 8

[root@C8-186 ~]# rpm -ql percona-xtrabackup-80
/usr/bin/xbcloud
/usr/bin/xbcloud_osenv
/usr/bin/xbcrypt
/usr/bin/xbstream
/usr/bin/xtrabackup
/usr/lib/.build-id
/usr/lib/.build-id/49
/usr/lib/.build-id/49/91c8d4b3c28c88a46e8213f83d54b895e73047
/usr/lib/.build-id/97
/usr/lib/.build-id/97/caf4789004fc970969e61f9a4c27a740a89ca5
/usr/lib/.build-id/c3
/usr/lib/.build-id/c3/a4940d29a1e406b188f03f57ea1c005377244b
/usr/lib/.build-id/dd
/usr/lib/.build-id/dd/12d988c876cfbab36bde7c098d144f61b7577d
/usr/lib/.build-id/e8
/usr/lib/.build-id/e8/361b707c34491823a95e0eacf5077230bd7604
/usr/lib/.build-id/e9
/usr/lib/.build-id/e9/bdc6fa39a28b6d8045498c5c78cf544fdc0cdd
/usr/lib64/xtrabackup/plugin/keyring_file.so
/usr/lib64/xtrabackup/plugin/keyring_vault.so
/usr/share/doc/percona-xtrabackup-80
/usr/share/doc/percona-xtrabackup-80/LICENSE
/usr/share/man/man1/xbcrypt.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/xbstream.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/xtrabackup.1.gz

查看版本信息

xtrabackup -v

• CentOS 7

[root@c7-199 ~]# xtrabackup -v
xtrabackup: recognized server arguments: --datadir=/var/lib/mysql 
xtrabackup version 8.0.23-16 based on MySQL server 8.0.23 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: 934bc8f)

• CentOS 8

[root@C8-186 ~]# xtrabackup -v
xtrabackup: recognized server arguments: --server-id=186 --log_bin=/data/mysql/mysql-bin --datadir=/data/mysql 
xtrabackup version 8.0.23-16 based on MySQL server 8.0.23 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: 934bc8f)

卸磨杀驴

yum remove percona-xtrabackup

使用percona-xtrabackup备份和还原数据库

xtrabackup工具备份和还原，

• 需要三步实现

1. 备份：对数据库做完全或增量备份
2. 预准备： 还原前，先对备份的数据，整理至一个临时目录
3. 还原：将整理好的数据，复制回数据库目录中

还原注意事项：

1. datadir 目录必须为空。除非指定innobackupex --force-non-empty-directorires选项指定，否则–copy-back选项不会覆盖
2. 在restore之前,必须shutdown MySQL实例，不能将一个运行中的实例restore到datadir目录中
3. 由于文件属性会被保留，大部分情况下需要在启动实例之前将文件的属主改为mysql，这些文件将属于创建备份的用户,
   执行chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql,以上需要在用户调用innobackupex之前完成

利用 xtrabackup 实现完全备份及还原

详见->