10分钟零基础带你入门Ribbon小项目-啥？小白都能看懂？

Posted 2021-06-04 IT挖掘机y

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文章目录

一、前置说明及其框架搭建
- 1、思路详解
- 2、框架搭建
二、代码编写
三、测试

一、前置说明及其框架搭建

1、思路详解

由于设备限制，使用五个端口模拟五个服务(两个注册中心、两个服务提供者、一个服务消费者）其中两个注册中心用来演示Eureka集群的高可用，两个服务提供者用来演示Ribbon的负载均衡，一个服务消费者用来进行远程调用）

#当然官网中是以三个注册中心来演示Eureka集群高可用的，我用两个当然也可以。

如果你了解过zookeeper、consul或者nacos作为注册中心，这个对于你来说就比较简单了。

2、框架搭建

通过聚合工程来创建一个父工程和五个子模块
在这里插入图片描述

二、代码编写

在这里插入图片描述

1、编写五个pom文件

1.1、父pom文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.hao</groupId>
    <artifactId>cloud-eureka-demo</artifactId>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <modules>
        <module>cloud-eureka-server</module>
        <module>cloud-eureka-server02</module>
        <module>service-provider</module>
        <module>service-consumer</module>
        <module>service-provider02</module>
    </modules>

    <parent>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <version>2.4.3</version>
    </parent>
    <properties>
        <spring-cloud.version>2020.0.2</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

</project>

父工程主要就一个cloud依赖和五个子模块以及继承的父依赖。

1.2、子模块pom

1、cloud-eureka-server、cloud-eureka-server02

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>cloud-eureka-demo</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.hao</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>cloud-eureka-server</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

这两个eureka注册模块pom不被我们熟知的依赖是spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server，这个依赖继承了eureka相关的所有包（包括Ribbon）；导入spring-boot-starter-security的原因是对我们的注册中心客户端需要登录认证

2、service-consumer

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>cloud-eureka-demo</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.hao</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>service-consumer</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

这个spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client和上面的spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server是两种服务，从字面意思也应该都明白。

3、service-provider和service-provider02

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>cloud-eureka-demo</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.hao</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>service-provider</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

2、编写启动类

1、eureka-server子模块的启动类

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer
public class EurekaServerApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(EurekaServerApplication.class);
    }
}

@EnableEurekaServer：该注解是自动识别为注册服务中心

2、eureka-server02子模块的启动类

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer
public class EurekaServerApplication02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(EurekaServerApplication02.class);
    }
}

3、service-consumer子模块启动类

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
public class ConsumerApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ConsumerApplication.class);
    }
}

@EnableEurekaClient注解在最新版已经可以省略

4、service-provider子模块启动类

@SpringBootApplication
public class ProviderApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ProviderApplication.class);
    }
}

5、service-provider02子模块启动类

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
public class Provider02Application {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Provider02Application.class);
    }
}

3、application.yml文件编写

1、eureka-server子模块yml

server:
  port: 8080

spring:
  application:
    name: cloud-eureka-server
  security:
    user:
      name: root
      password: root
eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: eureka01
    prefer-ip-address: true
    instance-id: ${spring.cloud.client.ip-address}:${server.port}
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://root:root@127.0.0.1:${server.port}/eureka/  #注册中心对外暴露的注册地址

2、eureka-server02子模块yml

server:
  port: 8081

spring:
  application:
    name: cloud-eureka-server02
  security:
    user:
      name: root
      password: root
eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: eureka02
    prefer-ip-address: true
    instance-id: ${spring.cloud.client.ip-address}:${server.port}

  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://root:root@127.0.0.1:8080/eureka/

3、eureka-consumer子模块yml

server:
  port: 9090
spring:
  application:
    name: service-consumer

eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: consumer
    prefer-ip-address: true
    instance-id: http://${spring.cloud.client.ip-address}:${server.port}

  client:
#    fetch-registry: false
#    register-with-eureka: false
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://root:root@127.0.0.1:8080/eureka/,http://root:root@127.0.0.1:8081/eureka/

4、service-provider子模块yml

server:
  port: 7070
spring:
  application:
    name: service-provider

eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: provider
    prefer-ip-address: true
    instance-id: http://${spring.cloud.client.ip-address}:${server.port}

  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://root:root@127.0.0.1:8080/eureka/,http://root:root@127.0.0.1:8081/eureka/

5、service-provider02子模块pom

server:
  port: 7071
spring:
  application:
    name: service-provider    #集群下的名字是相同的

eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: provider02
    prefer-ip-address: true		#是否使用ip形式显示
    instance-id: http://${spring.cloud.client.ip-address}:${server.port}

  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://root:root@127.0.0.1:8080/eureka/,http://root:root@127.0.0.1:8081/eureka/

4、config文件配置

cloud-eureka-server 、cloud-eureka-server02

@EnableWebSecurity
public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {

    @Override
    protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
    //关闭某个path下的csrf，否者provider无法注册进去
        super.configure(http);
        http.csrf().ignoringAntMatchers("/eureka/**");
    }
}

service-consumer

@Configuration
public class ConsumerConfig {

    @Bean
//    @LoadBalanced
    public RestTemplate getRestTemplate() {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
}

5、编写controller层

service-consumer

@RestController
public class OrderController {

    @Resource
    private OrderService orderService;

    @GetMapping(value ="/order/{id}")
    public Order getOrderById(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
        return orderService.selectOrderById(id);
    }
}

service-provider 、service-provider02

@RestController
@RequestMapping(value = "/product")
public class ProductController {

    @Resource
    private ProductService productService;

    @GetMapping(value = "/list")
    public List<Product> getProductList() {
        return productService.selectProductList();
    }
}

6、entity层

service-consumer

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Order {
    private Integer id;
    private String orderNo;
    private String orderAddress;
    private Double totalPrice;
    private List<Product> productList;

}

service-provider 、service-provider02

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Product {
    private Integer id;
    private String productName;
    private Integer productNum;
    private Double productPrice;
}

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Product {
    private Integer id;
    private String productName;
    private Integer productNum;
    private Double productPrice;
}

7、service层

service-consumer

public interface OrderService {
    Order selectOrderById(Integer id);
}

@Service
public class OrderServiceImpl implements OrderService {

    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @Autowired
    private DiscoveryClient discoveryClient;

    @Autowired
    private LoadBalancerClient loadBalancerClient;

    @Override
    public Order selectOrderById(Integer id) {
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