有关网络工程的英文翻译资料

Posted 2023-03-30

要有外文资料的出处 最好有翻译好的中文

DARPA ：国防高级研究计划局 ARPARNET(Internet) ：阿帕网
ICCC ：国际计算机通信会议 CCITT ：国际电报电话咨询委员会
SNA ：系统网络体系结构(IBM) DNA ：数字网络体系结构(DEC)
CSMA/CD ：载波监听多路访问/冲突检测(Xerox) NGI ：下一代INTERNET
Internet2 ：第二代INTERNET TCP/IP SNA SPX/IPX AppleTalk ：网络协议
NII ：国家信息基础设施(信息高速公路) GII ：全球信息基础设施
MIPS ：PC的处理能力 Petabit ：10^15BIT/S
Cu芯片: ：铜 OC48 ：光缆通信
SDH ：同步数字复用 WDH ：波分复用
ADSL ：不对称数字用户服务线 HFE/HFC：结构和Cable-modem 机顶盒
PCS ：便携式智能终端 CODEC ：编码解码器
ASK(amplitude shift keying) ：幅移键控法 FSK(frequency shift keying) ：频移键控法
PSK(phase shift keying) ：相移键控法 NRZ (Non return to zero) ：不归零制
PCM(pulse code modulation) ：脉冲代码调制 nonlinear encoding ：非线性编程
FDM ：频分多路复用 TDM ：时分多路复用
STDM ：统计时分多路复 DS0 ：64kb/s
DS1 ：24DS0 DS1C ：48DS0
DS2 ：96DS0 DS3 ：762DS0
DS4 ：4032DS0 CSU(channel service unit) ：信道服务部件
SONET/SDH ：同步光纤网络接口 LRC ：纵向冗余校验
CRC ：循环冗余校验 ARQ ：自动重发请求
ACK ：确认 NAK ：不确认
preamble ：前文 postamble ：后文
ITU ：国际电信联合会 character-oriented ：面向字符
bit-oriented ：面向位 SYNC ：同步字符
HDLC ：面向位的方案 SDLC ：面向位的方案
bit-stuffing ：位插入
STP ：屏蔽双绞线 UTP ：非屏蔽双绞线
RG-58A/U ：标准 RG-11 ：用于10BASE5
RG-59U ：75欧 0.25INCH CATV RG-62U ：9欧 0.25INCH ARCnet
10BASE5 ：IEEE802.3 RG-59U ：0.25inch CATV
RG-62U ：0.25inch ARCnet
LED(light emitting diobe) ：发光二级管 ILD(injection laster diobe) ：注入型激光二级管
PIN ：检波器 APD ：检波器
intensity modulation ：亮度调制 line of sight ：可视通路
CCITT V.28(EIA RS232C) ：非平衡型
CCITT V.10/X.26(EIA RS423A) ：新的非平衡型
CCITT V.11/X.27(EIA RS422A) ：新的平衡型
TD ：发送数据 RD ：接收数据
XON/XOFF ：流控制
Automatic Repeat Request Protocol ：自动重发请求
Send and wait ARQ:continuous ：ARQ停等ARQ
Ward Christensen ：人名 Kermit ：协议
circuit switching ：线路交换 packet switching ：分组交换
virtual circuit ：虚电路
ATM(asynchronous transfer mode) ：异步传输模式
ATDM ：异步时分多路复用 packetizer ：打包器
VPI(vritual path identifier) ：虚路径标识
VCI(virtual channel identifier) ：虚通道标识
syntax ：语法 semantics ：语义
timing ：定时
OSI(open system interconnection) ：开放系统
session ：会话 synchronization ：同步
activity management ：活动管理
AE ：应用实体 UE ：用户元素
CASE ：公共应用服务元素 SASE ：特定应用服务元素
VT ：虚拟终端 JIM ：作业传送和操作
reverved ：保留 echo ：回送
discard ：丢弃 active users ：活动用户
daytime ：白天
netstat(who is up of NETSTAT) qotd(quote of the day) 日期引用
chargen(character generator) 字符发送器
nameserver(domani name server) 域名服务器
bootps(bootstrap protocol server/client) 引导协议服务器/客户机
tftp(trivial file transfer) 简单文件传送
sunrpc(sun microsystems RPC) SUN公司
NTP:network time protocol 网络时间协议
SNMP(SNMP net monitor) SNMP网络监控器
SNMP traps 陷井
biff
unix comsat
daemon
e.g timed daemon
syslog
system log
URG 紧急字段可用 ACK 确认字段可用
PSH 请求急迫操作 RST 连接复位
SYN 同步序号 FIN 发送方字节流结束
Manchester 曼彻斯特编码
FDDI(fiber distributed data interface) 光纤分布数据接口
TTRT 目标标记循环时间
aggregation of multiple link segments 多重链接分段聚合协议
MAN(metropolitan area network plus) 城域网
CSMA/CD(carrier sense multiple access/collision detection) 载波监听
Token bus 令牌总线 T oken ring 令牌环
SAP 服务访问点
request indictaion response confirmation
LLC PDU
LLC协议数据单元
DSAP address
目地服务访问点地址字段
SSAP address
源服务访问点地址字段
XID
交换标识
SABME
置扩充的异步平衡方式
DISC
断开连接
DM
断开
FRMR
帧拒收
solt time
时间片
AUI
连接单元接口
MAU
介质连接接口
MDI
介质相关接口
PMA
物理介质接口
SFD
起始定界符
PAD
填充字段
FCS
帧校验序列
PLS
物理层收发信号
slot time
时间
Inter Frame Gap
帧
attempt limit
最大重传次数
back off limit
避免算法参数
Jam size
阻塞参数
max frame size
最大帧
address size
地址
collaspsed backone
折叠式主干网
BSS
基本服务集
ESS
扩展服务集
DFW-MAC
分布式基础无线MAC
IFS
帧间空隙
SIFS:
短
PIFS
点协调
DIFS
分布协调
CTS
发送清除
DQDB(IEEE802.6)
分布式队列双总线
TDM
时分复用
TMS
多时分交换
TSI
时间片互换
TST
网络机构
TSSST STS SSTSS TSTST
网络机构
PSTN
公用交换电话网
public switched telephone network
详细
PBX:private branch exchange
专用交换网
PABX;private automatic branch exchange
自动交换机
CBX:computerized branch exchange
程控交换
SLIP:serial line IP
串行IP
LCP(link control protocol)
链路控制协议
NCP:network control protocol
网络控制协议
BRI
基本速率接口
PRI
群速率接口
LAPB:line access protocol balanced
链路访问协议平衡
registration
登录
interrupt
中断
LAP F link access procedure for frame-mode bearer serives
太长了
rotate
不知道
recovery
恢复
discard
丢弃
retransmission
重传
switched access
交换访问
intergated access
集成访问
alerting
警告
progress
进展
AAL
ATM适配层
GFC
总流控
cell rate decoupling
信元率去耦
SDH
同步数字级
PDH
准国步数字级
GSM:group special mobile
移动通讯
NSS
网络子系统
OMC-R
操作维护中心
BSS
基站子系统
BSC
基站控制器
BTS
基站收发信机
MS
移动站
SIM:subscriber identity module
标识模块
MSC
移动交换机
HLR
归属位置寄存器
VLR
访问位置寄存器
AUC
鉴权中心
EIR
设备识别寄存器
OMC-S
操作维护中心
SC
短消息中心
WAP
无线应用协议
WAE
无线应用层
WSP
会话层
WTP
事务层
WTLS
安全层
WDP
传输层
MAP
移动应用部分
WML无线标记语言
SSL:secure sockets layer
安全套接层
PCS
个人通信业务
PCN
个人通信网
GEO
对地静止轨道
NON-GE0(MEO,LEO)
不清楚
ITU
国际电信联盟
VSAT:very small aperture -terminal
甚小天线终端
LEOS
低轨道卫星通信系统
repeater
中继器
bridge
网桥
router
路由器
gateway
网关
ONsemble stackable 10BASE
可叠加组合型集线器
transparent bridge
传输桥
source routing bridge
源路径桥
broadcast storm
广播风暴
encapsulation
封装
translation bridging
转换桥接方式
SRT
源地址选择透明桥
offset
偏移
more flag
标识
ICMP
INTERNET控制报文协议
SPF:shortest path first
最短路径
IGP:interior gateway protocol
核心网关协议
EGP:exterior gateway protocol
扩展网关协议
RIP:routing information protocol
路由信息协议
OSPF
开放最短径优先协议
acquisition request
获取请求
acquisition confirm
获取确认
cease
中止
poll
轮询
IPX/SPX internetwork packet exchange/sequented packet exchange
NOVELL
interpreter
解释器
redirector
重定向器
SFT system fault tolerant
系统容错
ELS entry level solution
不认识
ODI
开放数据链路接口
NDIS network device interface specification
网络设备接口...
DDCS
数据库管理和分布数据库连接服务
DCE:distributed computing environment
分布计算环境
OSF:open software foundation
开放软件基金
PWS:peer web service
WEB服务器
OEM
原始设备制造商
RAS
远程访问服务
IIS:Internet Information server
INTERNET信息服务
WINS:windows internet name system
WINDOWS命名服务
NTDS:windows NT directory server
NT目录服务
TDI
传输驱动程序接口
schedule++
应用程序,预约本
COSE:common open software environment
普通开放软件环境
RPC
远程过程调用
SNMP:simple network management protocol
简单网管协议
SMI:structer of management information
管理信息结构
SMT:station management
管理站
SMTP:simple mail transfer protocol
简单邮件传输协议
SNA:system network architecture
IBM网络
SNR:signal noise ratio
信噪比
SONENT:synchronous optical network
同步光纤网络
SPE:synchronous payload envelope
同步PAYLOAD信
CMIS/CMIP
公共管理信息服务/协议
CMISE
公共管理信息服务
agent
代理
IMT:inductive modeling technology
不知道
plaintext
明文
ciphertext
脱密
encryption
加密
decryption
解密
symmetric key cryptography
对称加密
asymmetric key cryptography
不对称加密
public key
公钥
private key
私钥
DES:data encryption standard
数据加密标准
IDEA:international data encryption algorithm
国际加密算法
PIN:personal identification number
个人标识符
session key
会话层密钥
KDC:key distribuetion center
密钥分发中心
sign
签名
seal
封装
certificate
证书
certificate authority CA
证书权威机构
OSF
开放软件中心
AFS:andrew file system
分布式文件系统
ticket
凭证
authenticatior
身份认证
timestamp
时间标记
reply attack
检测重放攻击
realm
域
PKI
公钥基础设施
certificate hierarchy
证书层次结构
across certificate
交叉证书
security domain
安全领域
cerfificate revoke list(CRL)
证书层次结构
LDAP:light weight directory access protocol
协议
access matrix
访问矩阵
ACL:access control list
访问列表
reference monitor
引用监控器
course grained
粗粒度访问控制
medium grained
中粒度访问控制
fine grained
细粒度访问控制
CORBA
面向对象的分布系统应用
MQ
报文队列
VPN
虚拟专网
IPSEC:IP security
安全IP
SA:security association
安全??
encopulation security payload
封装安全负载
AH:authentication header
鉴别报头
IKE:Internet key exchange
交换
rogue programs
捣乱程序
IPSP:IP security protocol
安全
IKMP:internet key managemetn protocol
协议
IESG
Internet工程领导小组
SHA
安全散列算法
MAC:message authentication code
代码
CBC
密码块链接
SSL
安全套接层协议
cerfificate verify
证书检验报文
PEM
私用强化邮件
PGP:pretty good privacy
好的
private
保密
authenticated
已认证
SEPP
安全电子付费协议
SET
安全电子交易
middleware
中间件
GSS-API
通用安全服务
SNP
安全网络编程
BWD:browser web database
浏览WEB
plugin
插入件
basic authentication scheme
不知道
digest authentication scheme
摘要认证方法
open group:the open group research institute
研究所
DCE:distributed computing environment
分布式计算机环境
SLP:secure local proxy
安全局部代理
SDG:secure domain proxy
安全域代理
OMG:object management group
目标管理组
CORBS:common object request broker architecture
不清楚
authentication
鉴别
access control
访问控制
data confidnetiality
保密
data integrity
数据完整性
non-reputation
防止否认
enciphermant
加密机制
digital signature mechanisms
数据完整性
authentication mechanisms
路由控制机制
notarization mechanisms
公证
trusted function
可信
security labels
安全标记
event dectection
事件检测
security audit trail
安全审计跟踪
security recovery
安全恢复
TCSEC:trusted computer system evaluation criteria
标准
TCSEC TNI:trusted network interpretation of the TCSEC
标准
TCSEC TDI:trusted database interpretation of the TCSEC
标准
ITSEC:information technology security evaluation
标准
CC:command criteria for IT security evaluation
安全
classified criteria for secruity protection
中国安全
of computer information system
中国安全
GB17859-1999
国标
TCB:trusted computing base
SNMP:simple network management protocol
网管
ICMP:internet control message protocol
互联网控制信息协议
ARP:address resolution protocol
地址解析协议
TCP:transmission control protocol
传输控制协议
UDP:user datagram protocol
用户数据报协议
SMTP:simple mail transfer protocol
简单邮件传输
DNS:domain name service
服务器
NSP:name service protocol
服务器
TElnet:telcommunication network
TEL
EGP:exterior gateway protocol
外部网关连接器协议
IGP:inter gateway protocol
内部网关连接器协议
SLIP
串行接口协议
PPP
点对点协议
UNICAST
单播地址
cluster
群集地址
multicast
组播地址
scable model
可伸缩模型
integrated model
集成模型
OLAP
联机分析工具
NAS:network applications support
DEC公司的工具
NWC:newwave computing
HP工具
OCCA:open cooperative computing architecture
开放合作计算体系结构
DAA:distributed application architecture
DG的分布应用体系结构
COSE:common opensystem enviroment
通用开放系统环境
CDE:common desktop enviroment
通用桌面环境
DCE
分布式计算环境
RPC
远程过程调用
DME
分布管理环境
OSE/APP
开放系统环境应用可移植框架
ODA
开放文件体系结构
ODL
开放文件语言 参考技术A 推荐你一篇文章，是刊登在美国杂志“Lightwave”上的，以下网址可以看到全文
http://www.lightwaveonline.com/about-us/lightwave-issue-archives/issue/digital-optical-networks-simplify-architectures-53908457.html
题目是《数字光网络简化了体系结构》，不是太长，估计在2000字（中文）左右，希望对你有用。有什么情况可进一步联系。本回答被提问者采纳 参考技术B 网络规划师考试，希赛网上有相关的资料，很全，可以看一下。 参考技术C 仁爱英语

有关乌龟的英语资料turtle information

参考技术A 分类: 外语/出国
问题描述:

最主要的是那些较详细的资料有关所有种类的龟的

还有各类龟的专用术语

两天期限

快

解析:

Turtles are reptiles whose soft body is covered by a hard shell. Most turtles can pull their legs, tail, and head into the shell for protection. Different turtles live on land, in water, or both on land and in water. Some turtles that live on land are called tortoises. A terrapin is a turtle that lives in or near freshwater or partly salty, coastal water. The name terrapin is only used for a group of North American turtles.

Harder - Turtles can be grouped into seven main types: (1) mud and musk turtles, (2) pond and marsh turtles, (3) sea turtles, (4) side-necked turtles, (5) snapping turtles, (6) soft-shelled turtles, and (7) tortoises. Like other reptiles, all turtles are cold-blooded; their body temperature about matches the temperature of their environment. They are found living in deserts, forest, grasslands, lakes, marshes, ponds, wetlands, coastal areas, and in the oceans. Turtles live in almost all geographic regions except those which are cold year-round. They cannot remain active in cold weather, so species in regions that have harsh winters must hibernate. Some desert species survive the hot, dry periods by going into a related state of limited activity called estivation. Sea turtles spend most of their life in the water. Other species live mainly on land or in fresh water or spend about an equal time on land and in water.

There are over 250 different turtle species; about 50 live in North America. Beeen species, turtles vary in size from the bog turtle of about 4 inches long (10 centimeters) to the huge leatherback sea turtle, which can mature to 4 to 8 feet lengths (1.2 to 2.4 meters). Many turtles spend their entire life within a short distance from where they were hatched, but most sea turtles migrate thousand of miles. Sea turtles are also fast swimmers; but on land most kinds of turtles are slow, lumbering creatures. However, some land turtles like the *** ooth soft-shell specie can sometimes outrun a human. Most turtles are omnivores, that is they eat both plants and animals but the exact foods consumed vary beeen the species. For instance, green sea turtles and tortoises feed almost entirely on plants. A few freshwater species including the map turtle and soft-shelled turtles eat mainly other *** all animals.

Today over 40 species of turtles including most sea turtles and many types of tortoises are endangered, and if turtle conservation and protection does not improve, certain species will bee extinct. People are their greatest threat. Historically people have sought turtle eggs and meat for food. Turtle shells have been used for ornamentation. Rare exotic turtles have been shipped and trafficked as pets. Turtles are still hunted and captured today; turtle nests are plundered. People further harm turtles by eliminating their natural living areas as forests, swamps, and other areas are transformed for farms and urban growth. Further endangerment es from continued pollution of their living areas.

Turtle Species

1.Alligator Snapping Turtle:

Macroclemys temmincki

Geographical Region: They are found in an area from southeast Geia, west to Texas, north to Iowa and Indiana.

Size: Can reach more than 26 inches.

Weight: Up to 300 pounds.

Habitat: They like deep waters in rivers and lakes.

Food: Carnivorous, they eat anything they can catch, even other turtles.

Interesting Fact: They are the largest freshwater turtle in the world.

2.American Snapping Turtle: Chelydra serpentina

Geographical Region: They are found from south Alberta to Nova Scotia and south to the Gulf of Mexico.

Size: Up to 19 inches with males larger than females.

Weight: Up to 45 pounds for wild *** s; up to 75 pounds for captive *** s.

Habitat: They like warm shallow waters, buried in the mud with only their eyes and nostrils exposed.

Food: Carnivorous, they eat anything they can catch, even other *** all turtles.

Interesting Fact: They are characterized by their massive heads, strong jaws, keeled brown carapace, and long tails. They have a *** all and cross shaped plastron.

3.Box Turtle: Terrapene ornata ornata

Geographical Region: There are different types of box turtle species that live all over the world.

Size: Beeen 5 to 6 inches. Males have longer tails than females.

Habitat: They are land animals that prefer moist areas. Sometimes spotted in fields and forests.

Food: Omnivorous; they eat insects, fruits, and veggies.

Interesting Fact: A box turtle lives most of its long life in a *** all parcel of land near its place of birth. This area is known as its home range, an area not much larger than a couple of football fields.

4.Diamond Back Terrapin: Malaclemys terrapin

Geographical Region: They are found along the Atlantic coast from Cape Cod to the Florida Keys and over to Texas.

Size: Males: 4 to 6 inches. Females: 6 to 10 inches.

Habitat: They like to hang around brackish waters, coastal marshes, tidal flats, and estuaries.

Food: Carnivorous; they eat snails,crabs, oysters, clams, and insects.

Interesting Fact: They are listed as a threatened species. They were previously hunted to near extinction.

5.Eastern Spiny Softshell: Trionyx spiniferus

Geographical Region: They are found in West Virginia, west of the mountains.

Size: Females are larger than males. Females can reach up to 18 inches in length, as males are half that.

Habitat: They hang out in most types of fresh water like rivers and lakes. They prefer sandy or muddy bottoms.

Food: They eat anything they can catch; fish, *** all crabs, crayfish, careless birds, snails, and frogs.

Interesting Fact: They have the ability to absorb oxygen from water through the vessels in the lining of their throat and other parts of their body. This enables them to stay under water for hours at a time.

6.Eastern River Cooter: Pseudemys concinna concinna

Geographical Region: They are found from the coastal plains of southeastern Virginia to southeastern Alabama.

Size: Up to 12 inches in length.

Habitat: They hang out in the backwater near an open body of water.

Food: Herbivorous, they only eat plants.

Interesting Fact: They are very difficult to capture.

7.Slider Turtle: Chrysemys scripta

Red Ear Slider: Chrysemys scripta elegan

Geographical Region: They are found from Virginia to Florida, west to New Mexico, and south to Brazil.

Size: From 5 to 12 inches with females larger than males.

Habitat: They like calm waters like ponds, marshes, and lakes with soft bottoms and dense vegetation.

Food: Carnivorous when they are young, more herbivorous when they get older. They eat earthworms, crayfish, chicken, fish, insects, and plants and veggies.

Interesting Fact: They are one of the most mon pet turtles.

8.Spotted Turtle: Clemys guttata

Geographical Region: They are found from Maine to Florida.

Size: An average of 4 inches, less than 5 inches in length.

Habitat: They prefer quiet marshy meadows and shallow ponds.

Food: Omnivorous, they eat worms, slugs, snails, insects, melons, and butter lettuce.

Interesting Fact: These turtles like to hide under plants, sticking just their head out.

9.Wood Turtle: Clemys insculpta

Geographical Region: They are found in the eastern panhandle of Florida.

Size: Up to 9 inches in length.

Habitat: They live on land and in water; marshes and woodlands.

Food: Omnivorous, they eat worms, slugs, snails, insects, and plants.

Interesting Fact: These turtles are now an endangered species because they were once hunted for food.

10.Painted Turtle: Chrysemis picta

Geographical Region: They are found throughout most of the United States and southern Canada.

Size: 4 to 10 inches, with females being larger than males.

Habitat: They like slow moving shallow waters like ponds, marshes, and lakes.

Food: Carnivorous when they are young, more herbivorous when they get older. They eat earthworms, crayfish, slugs and plants..

Interesting Fact: They are the most wide spread turtle in North America.

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