Ansible之常见模块
Posted 丶旋律
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虽然模块众多，但最常用的模块也就2，30个而已，针对特定业务只用10几个模块
常用模块帮助文档参考：
https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/2.9/modules/modules_by_category.html
https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/2.9/modules/list_of_all_modules.html
https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/modules/list_of_all_modules.html
https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/modules/modules_by_category.html
Command 模块
功能：在远程主机执行命令，此为默认模块，可忽略 -m 选项
注意：此命令不支持 $VARNAME < > | ; &
等，可能用shell模块实现
注意：此模块不具有幂等性
范例：
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible websrvs -m command -a 'chdir=/etc cat centos-release'
172.31.0.48 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
CentOS Linux release 8.1.1911 (Core)
172.31.0.38 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
CentOS Linux release 8.1.1911 (Core)
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible websrvs -m command -a 'chdir=/etc creates=/data/f1.txt
cat centos-release'
172.31.0.48 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
CentOS Linux release 7.7.1908 (Core)
172.31.0.38 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
skipped, since /data/f1.txt exists
[root@ansible ~]# ansible websrvs -m command -a 'chdir=/etc removes=/data/f1.txt
cat centos-release'
172.31.0.48 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
skipped, since /data/f1.txt does not exist
172.31.0.38 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
CentOS Linux release 8.1.1911 (Core)
[root@ansible ~]# ansible websrvs -m command -a 'service vsftpd start'
[root@ansible ~]# ansible websrvs -m command -a 'echo centos |passwd --stdin wang'
[root@ansible ~]# ansible websrvs -m command -a 'rm -rf /data/'
[root@ansible ~]# ansible websrvs -m command -a 'echo hello > /data/hello.log'
[root@ansible ~]# ansible websrvs -m command -a "echo $HOSTNAME"
Shell 模块
功能：和command相似，用shell执行命令,支持各种符号,比如:*,$, >
注意：此模块不具有幂等性
范例：
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible websrvs -m shell -a 'echo $HOSTNAME'
172.31.0.38 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
centos8.longxuan.vip
172.31.0.48 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
centos8.longxuan.vip
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible websrvs -m shell -a 'echo centos | passwd --stdin long'
172.31.0.48 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
Changing password for user long.
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
172.31.0.38 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
Changing password for user long.
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible websrvs -m shell -a 'ls -l /etc/shadow'
172.31.0.48 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
---------- 1 root root 829 May 25 05:31 /etc/shadow
172.31.0.38 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
---------- 1 root root 829 May 25 05:31 /etc/shadow
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible websrvs -m shell -a 'echo hello > /home/hello.log'
172.31.0.48 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
172.31.0.38 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible websrvs -m shell -a 'cat /home/hello.log'
172.31.0.38 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
hello
172.31.0.48 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
hello
注意：调用bash执行命令 类似 cat /tmp/test.md | awk -F’|’ ‘{print $1,$2}’ &> /tmp/example.txt 这些复杂命令，即使使用shell也可能会失败，解决办法：写到脚本时，copy到远程，执行，再把需要的结果拉回执行命令的机器
范例：将shell模块代替command，设为模块
[root@centos8 ~]# vim /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg
# 修改下面一行
module_name = shell
Script 模块
功能：在远程主机上运行ansible服务器上的脚本(无需执行权限)
注意：此模块不具有幂等性
范例：
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible websrvs -m script -a /home/test.sh
Copy 模块
功能：从ansible服务器主控端复制文件到远程主机
注意: src=file 如果是没指明路径,则为当前目录或当前目录下的files目录下的file文件
#如目标存在，默认覆盖，此处指定先备份
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible websrvs -m copy -a "src=/root/test1.sh dest=/tmp/test2.sh owner=wang
mode=600 backup=yes"
#指定内容，直接生成目标文件
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible websrvs -m copy -a "content='test line1\\ntest line2\\n'
dest=/tmp/test.txt"
#复制/etc目录自身,注意/etc/后面没有/
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible websrvs -m copy -a "src=/etc dest=/backup"
#复制/etc/下的文件，不包括/etc/目录自身,注意/etc/后面有/
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible websrvs -m copy -a "src=/etc/ dest=/backup"
Get_url 模块
功能: 用于将文件从http、https或ftp下载到被管理机节点上
常用参数如下：
url: 下载文件的URL,支持HTTP，HTTPS或FTP协议
dest: 下载到目标路径（绝对路径），如果目标是一个目录，就用服务器上面文件的名称，如果目标设置了名
称就用目标设置的名称
owner：指定属主
group：指定属组
mode：指定权限
force: 如果yes，dest不是目录，将每次下载文件，如果内容改变，替换文件。如果否，则只有在目标不存
在时才会下载该文件
checksum: 对目标文件在下载后计算摘要，以确保其完整性
示例: checksum="sha256:D98291AC[...]B6DC7B97",
checksum="sha256:http://example.com/path/sha256sum.txt"
url_username: 用于HTTP基本认证的用户名。 对于允许空密码的站点，此参数可以不使用
`url_password'
url_password: 用于HTTP基本认证的密码。 如果未指定`url_username'参数，则不会使用
`url_password'参数
validate_certs：如果“no”，SSL证书将不会被验证。 适用于自签名证书在私有网站上使用
timeout: URL请求的超时时间,秒为单位
范例:
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible websrvs -m get_url -a 'url=http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz dest=/usr/local/src/nginx.tar.gz checksum="md5:b2d33d24d89b8b1f87ff5d251aa27eb8"'
Fetch 模块
功能：从远程主机提取文件至ansible的主控端，copy相反，目前不支持目录
范例：
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible websrvs -m fetch -a 'src=/root/test.sh dest=/data/scripts'
范例：
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible all -m fetch -a 'src=/etc/redhat-release dest=/data/os'
[root@centos8 ~]# tree /data/os/
/data/os/
├── 172.31.0.6
│ └── etc
│ └── redhat-release
├── 172.31.0.7
│ └── etc
│ └── redhat-release
└── 172.31.0.8
└── etc
└── redhat-release
6 directories, 3 files
File 模块
功能：设置文件属性,创建软链接等
范例：
# 创建空文件
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible websrvs -m file -a 'path=/tmp/test.txt state=touch'
172.31.0.38 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"dest": "/tmp/test.txt",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"mode": "0644",
"owner": "root",
"size": 0,
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}
172.31.0.48 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"dest": "/tmp/test.txt",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"mode": "0644",
"owner": "root",
"size": 0,
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}
# 删除空文件
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible websrvs -m file -a 'path=/tmp/test.txt state=absent'
172.31.0.48 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"path": "/tmp/test.txt",
"state": "absent"
}
172.31.0.38 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"path": "/tmp/test.txt",
"state": "absent"
}
# 授权改所属
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible websrvs -m file -a 'path=/root/test.sh owner=long mode=755'
#创建目录
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible all -m file -a "path=/data/mysql state=directory owner=mysql group=mysql"
#创建软链接
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible all -m file -a 'src=/data/testfile path|dest|name=/data/testfile-link
state=link'
# 创建目录
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible websrvs -m file -a 'path=/tmp/testdir state=directory'
# 递归修改目录及子目录的属性
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible websrvs -m file -a 'path=/data/mysql state=directory owner=mysql group=mysql recurse=yes'
# 递归修改目录属性,但不递归至子目录
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible websrvs -m file -a 'path=/data/mysql state=directory owner=mysql group=mysql'
stat 模块
功能：检查文件或文件系统的状态
注意：对于Windows目标，请改用win_stat模块
选项：
path：文件/对象的完整路径（必须）
常用的返回值判断：
exists： 判断是否存在
isuid： 调用用户的ID与所有者ID是否匹配
范例:
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible 127.0.0.1 -m stat -a 'path=/etc/passwd'
127.0.0.1 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": false,
"stat": {
"atime": 1621882861.7590294,
"attr_flags": "",
"attributes": [],
"block_size": 4096,
"blocks": 8,
"charset": "us-ascii",
"checksum": "056025cd699efaa095eb3ae845130765034fa44c",
"ctime": 1621455327.1228225,
"dev": 2050,
"device_type": 0,
"executable": false,
"exists": true,
"gid": 0,
"gr_name": "root",
"inode": 33990246,
"isblk": false,
"ischr": false,
"isdir": false,
"isfifo": false,
"isgid": false,
"islnk": false,
"isreg": true,
"issock": false,
"isuid": false,
"mimetype": "text/plain",
"mode": "0644",
"mtime": 1621455327.1228225,
"nlink": 1,
"path": "/etc/passwd",
"pw_name": "root",
"readable": true,
"rgrp": true,
"roth": true,
"rusr": true,
"size": 1088,
"uid": 0,
"version": "767136742",
"wgrp": false,
"woth": false,
"writeable": true,
"wusr": true,
"xgrp": false,
"xoth": false,
"xusr": false
}
}
案例：
- name: install | Check if file is already configured.
stat: path={{ nginx_file_path }}
connection: local
register: nginx_file_result
- name: install | Download nginx file
get_url: url={{ nginx_file_url }} dest={{ software_files_path }}
validate_certs=no
connection: local
when:，not. nginx_file_result.stat.exists
范例:
[root@centos8 ~]# vim stat.yml
---
- hosts: websrvs
tasks:
- name: check file
stat: path=/data/mysql
register: st
- name: debug
debug:
msg: "/data/mysql is not exist"
when: not st.stat.exists
范例：执行
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible-playbook stat.yml
PLAY [websrvs] *********************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] *************************************************************************
ok: [172.31.0.48]
ok: [172.31.0.38]
TASK [check file] ******************************************************************************
ok: [172.31.0.38]
ok: [172.31.0.48]
TASK [debug] ***********************************************************************************
skipping: [172.31.0.38]
skipping: [172.31.0.48]
PLAY RECAP *************************************************************************************
172.31.0.38 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=1 rescued=0 ignored=0
172.31.0.48 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=1 rescued=0 ignored=0
unarchive 模块
功能：解包解压缩
实现有两种用法：
1、将ansible主机上的压缩包传到远程主机后解压缩至特定目录，设置copy=yes,此为默认值,可省略
2、将远程主机上的某个压缩包解压缩到指定路径下，设置copy=no
常见参数：
copy：默认为yes，当copy=yes，拷贝的文件是从ansible主机复制到远程主机上，如果设置为copy=no，
会在远程主机上寻找src源文件
remote_src：和copy功能一样且互斥，yes表示在远程主机，不在ansible主机，no表示文件在ansible
主机上
src：源路径，可以是ansible主机上的路径，也可以是远程主机(被管理端或者第三方主机)上的路径，如果
是远程主机上的路径，则需要设置copy=no
dest：远程主机上的目标路径
mode：设置解压缩后的文件权限
范例：
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible websrvs -m unarchive -a 'src=/data/foo.tgz dest=/var/lib/foo owner=long group=bin'
# 解压本地包cp到目标主机并授权
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible websrvs -m unarchive -a 'src=/tmp/foo.zip dest=/data copy=no mode=0777'
# 使用网络下载zip包拷贝到目标主机
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible websrvs -m unarchive -a 'src=https//example.com/example.zip dest=/data copy=no'
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible websrvs -m unarchive -a 'src=https://releases.ansible.com/ansible/ansible-2.1.6.0-0.1.rc1.tar.gz dest=/data/ owner=root remote_src=yes'
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible websrvs -m unarchive -a 'src=http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz dest=/usr/local/src/ copy=no'
Archive 模块
功能：打包压缩保存在被管理节点
范例：
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible websrvs -m archive -a 'path=/var/log/ dest=/opt/log.tar.bz2 format=bz2 owner=long mode=0600'
Hostname 模块
功能：管理主机名
范例：
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible node1 -m hostname -a 'name=websrvs'
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible 172.31.0.17 -m hostname -a 'name=node17.longxuan.vip'
172.31.0.17 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"ansible_domain": "longxuan.vip",
"ansible_fqdn": "node17.longxuan.vip",
"ansible_hostname": "node17",
"ansible_nodename": "node17.longxuan.vip",
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": true,
"name": "node17.longxuan.vip"
}
Cron 模块
功能：计划任务
支持时间：minute，hour，day，month，weekday
范例：
# 备份数据库脚本
[root@centos8 ~]# cat /root/mysql_backup.sh
#!/bin/bash
mysqldump -A -F --single-transaction --master-data=2 -q -uroot |gzip > /data/mysql_`date +%F_%T`.sql.gz
# 创建任务
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible 172.31.0.8 -m cron -a 'hour=2 minute=30 weekday=1-5 name="backup mysql" job=/root/mysql_backup.sh'
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible websrvs -m cron -a "minute=*/5 job='/usr/sbin/ntpdate ntp.aliyun.com &>/dev/null' name=Synctime"
# 禁用计划任务
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible websrvs -m cron -a "minute=*/5 job='/usr/sbin/ntpdate 172.20.0.1 &>/dev/null' name=Synctime disabled=yes"
# 启用计划任务
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible websrvs -m cron -a "minute=*/5 job='/usr/sbin/ntpdate 172.20.0.1 &>/dev/null' name=Synctime disabled=no"
# 删除任务
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible websrvs -m cron -a "name='backup mysql' state=absent"
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible websrvs -m cron -a 'state=absent name=Synctime'
Yum 和 Apt 模块
功能：
yum 管理软件包，只支持RHEL，CentOS，fedora，不支持Ubuntu其它版本
apt 模块管理 Debian 相关版本的软件包
范例
# 安装
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible websrvs -m yum -a 'name=httpd state=present'
# 删除
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible websrvs -m yum -a 'name=httpd state=absent'
# 启用epel源进行安装
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible websrvs -m yum -a 'name=nginx state=present enablerepo=epel'
#升级除kernel和foo开头以外的所有包
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible websrvs -m yum -a 'name=* state=lastest exclude=kernel*,foo*'
[root@centos8 /opt]# sl
-bash: sl: command not found
# 安装
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible websrvs -m yum -a 'name=sl,cowsay'
范例:
[root@ansible ~]# ansible websrvs -m yum -a
"name=https://mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/zabbix/zabbix/5.2/rhel/7/x86_64/zabbixagent-5.2.5-1.el7.x86_64.rpm"
范例：
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible 10.0.0.100 -m apt -a
'name=bb,sl,cowsay,cmatrix,oneko,hollywood,boxes,libaa-bin,x11-apps'
# ubuntu apt删除软件
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible websrvs -m apt -a 'name=rsync,psmisc state=absent'
范例：查看包
[17:22:37 root@centos8 ~]# ansible localhost -m yum -a 'list=tree'
localhost | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"pkg_mgr": "dnf"
},
"changed": false,
"msg": "",
"results": [
{
"arch": "x86_64",
"epoch": "0",
"name": "tree",
"nevra": "0:tree-1.7.0-15.el8.x86_64",
"release": "15.el8",
"repo": "@System",
"version": "1.7.0",
"yumstate": "installed"
},
{
"arch": "x86_64",
"epoch": "0",
"name": "tree",
"nevra": "0:tree-1.7.0-15.el8.x86_64",
"release": "15.el8",
"repo": "BaseOS",
"version": "1.7.0",
"yumstate": "available"
}
]
}
yum_repository 模块
- name: Add multiple repositories into the same file (1/2)
yum_repository:
name: epel
description: EPEL YUM repo
file: external_repos
baseurl: https://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/$releasever/$basearch/
gpgcheck: no
- name: Add multiple repositories into the same file (2/2)
yum_repository:
name: rpmforge
description: RPMforge YUM repo
file: external_repos
baseurl: http://apt.sw.be/redhat/el7/en/$basearch/rpmforge
mirrorlist: http://mirrorlist.repoforge.org/el7/mirrors-rpmforge
enabled: no
- name: Remove repository from a specific repo file
yum_repository:
name: epel
file: external_repos
state: absent
范例: 创建和删除仓库
[root@ansible ~]# cat yum_repo.yml
- hosts: websrvs
tasks:
- name: Add multiple repositories into the same file
yum_repository:
name: test
description: EPEL YUM repo
file: external_repos
baseurl:
https://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/$releasever/$basearch/
gpgcheck: no
[root@ansible ~]# ansible-playbook yum_repo.yml
[root@web1 ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/external_repos.repo
[test]
baseurl = https://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/$releasever/$basearch/
gpgcheck = 0
name = EPEL YUM repo
[root@ansible ~]#cat remove_yum_repo.yml
- hosts: websrvs
tasks:
- name: remove repo
yum_repository:
name: test
file: external_repos
state: absent
[root@ansible ~]# ansible-playbook remove_yum_repo.yml
Service 模块
功能：管理服务
范例：
# 启动并设置开机自启
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible websrvs -m service -a 'name=httpd state=started enabled=yes'
# 停止httpd服务
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible websrvs -m service -a 'name=httpd state=stopped'
# 重启httpd服务
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible websrvs -m service -a 'name=httpd state=reloaded'
# 使用shell模块里的sed命令改端口号
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible websrvs -m shell -a "sed -ri 's/^(Listen )80/\\18080/' /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf"
# 重启httpd服务使上面的端口号重新更改
[17:42:39 root@centos8 ~]# ansible websrvs -m service -a 'name=httpd state=restarted'
User 模块
功能：管理用户
范例：
# 创建用户
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible websrvs -m user -a 'name=user1 comment="test user" uid=2021 home=/app/user1 group=root'
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible websrvs -m user -a 'name=www comment=www uid=80 group=nginx groups="root,daemon" shell=/sbin/nologin system=yes create_home=no home=/data/nginx non_unique=yes'
# remove=yes表示删除用户及家目录等数据,默认remove=no
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible websrvs -m user -a 'name=nginx state=absent remove=yes'
# 生成123456加密的密码
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible localhost -m debug -a "msg={{ '123456' |password_hash('sha512','salt')}}"
localhost | SUCCESS => {
"msg": "$6$salt$MktMKPZJ6t59GfxcJU20DwcwQzfMvOlHFVZiOVD71w.igcOo1R7vBYR65JquIQ/7siC7VRpmteKvZmfSkNc69."
}
# 使用上面创建的密码创建用户
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible websrvs -m user -a 'name=test password="$6$salt$MktMKPZJ6t59GfxcJU20DwcwQzfMvOlHFVZiOVD71w.igcOo1R7vBYR65JquIQ/7siC7VRpmteKvZmfSkNc69."'
# 创建用户test,并生成4096bit的私钥
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible websrvs -m user -a 'name=test generate_ssh_key=yes ssh_key_bits=4096 ssh_key_file=.ssh/id_rsa'
Group 模块
功能：管理组
范例：
# 创建组
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible websrvs -m group -a 'name=nginx gid=80 system=yes'
172.31.0.48 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"gid": 80,
"name": "nginx",
"state": "present",
"system": true
}
172.31.0.38 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"gid": 80,
"name": "nginx",
"state": "present",
"system": true
}
# 删除组
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible websrvs -m group -a 'name=nginx state=absent'
Lineinfile 模块
ansible在使用sed进行替换时，经常会遇到需要转义的问题，而且ansible在遇到特殊符号进行替换时，
存在问题，无法正常进行替换。其实在ansible自身提供了两个模块：lineinfile模块和replace模块，可以方便的进行替换
一般在ansible当中去修改某个文件的单行进行替换的时候需要使用lineinfile模块
regexp参数 ：使用正则表达式匹配对应的行，当替换文本时，如果有多行文本都能被匹配，则只有最后面被匹配到的那行文本才会被替换，当删除文本时，如果有多行文本都能被匹配，这么这些行都会被删除。
如果想进行多行匹配进行替换需要使用replace模块
功能：相当于sed，可以修改文件内容
范例：
# 改httpd端口号
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible websrvs -m lineinfile -a "path=/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf regexp='^Listen' line='Linsten 80'"
# 改Selinux为关闭
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible websrvs -m lineinfile -a "path=/etc/selinux/config regexp='SELINUX=' line='SELINUX=disabled'"
# 删除/etc/fstab文件以#号开头的行
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible websrvs -m lineinfile -a "dest=/etc/fstab state=absent regexp='^#'"
Replace 模块
该模块有点类似于sed命令，主要也是基于正则进行匹配和替换，建议使用
范例：
# 以UUID开头的行加注释
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible websrvs -m replace -a 'path=/etc/fstab regexp="^(UUID.*)" replace="#\\1"'
# 以UUID开头的行去掉注释
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible websrvs -m replace -a "path=/etc/fstab regexp='^#(UUID.*)' replace='\\1'"
SELinux 模块
该模块管理 SELInux 策略
范例:
[root@ansible ~]# ansible 172.31.0.8 -m selinux -a 'state=disabled'
[WARNING]: SELinux state temporarily changed from 'enforcing' to 'permissive'.
State change will take effect next reboot.
172.31.0.8 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"configfile": "/etc/selinux/config",
"msg": "Config SELinux state changed from 'enforcing' to 'disabled'",
"policy": "targeted",
"reboot_required": true,
"state": "disabled"
}
[root@centos8 ~]# grep -v '#' /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled
SELINUXTYPE=targeted
[root@centos8 ~]# getenforce
Permissive
reboot 模块
功能：重启目标机器
[root@ansible ~]# ansible websrvs -m reboot
mount 挂载和卸
功能: 挂载和卸载文件系统
范例:
# 临时挂载
[root@centos8 ~]# mount websrvs -m mount -a 'src="UUID=b3e48f45-f933-4c8e-a700-22a159ec9077" path=/home fstype=xfs opts=noatime state=present'
#临时取消挂载
[root@centos8 ~]# mount websrvs -m mount -a 'path=/home fstype=xfs opts=noatime state=unmounted'
#永久挂载
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible websrvs -m mount -a 'src=10.0.0.8:/data/wordpress path=/var/www/html/wpcontent/ uploads opts="_netdev" state=mounted'
#永久卸载
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible websrvs -m mount -a 'src=10.0.0.8:/data/wordpress path=/var/www/html/wpcontent/ uploads state=absent'
Setup 模块
功能： setup 模块来收集主机的系统信息，这些 facts 信息可以直接以变量的形式使用，但是如果主机较多，会影响执行速度
可以使用gather_facts: no 来禁止 Ansible 收集 facts 信息
范例：
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible all -m setup
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible all -m setup -a 'filter=ansible_nodename'
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible all -m setup -a "filter=ansible_hostname"
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible all -m setup -a "filter=ansible_domain"
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible all -m setup -a "filter=ansible_memtotal_mb"
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible all -m setup -a "filter=ansible_memory_mb"
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible all -m setup -a "filter=ansible_memfree_mb"
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible all -m setup -a "filter=ansible_os_family"
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible all -m setup -a "filter=ansible_distribution_major_version"
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible all -m setup -a "filter=ansible_distribution_version"
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible all -m setup -a "filter=ansible_processor_vcpus"
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible all -m setup -a "filter=ansible_all_ipv4_addresses"
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible all -m setup -a "filter=ansible_architecture"
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible all -m setup -a "filter=ansible_uptime_seconds"
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible all -m setup -a "filter=ansible_processor*"
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible all -m setup -a 'filter=ansible_env'
范例：查询所有目标主机的发行版本信息
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible all -m setup -a 'filter=ansible_os_family'
172.31.0.17 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"ansible_os_family": "RedHat",
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": false
}
172.31.0.38 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"ansible_os_family": "RedHat",
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": false
}
172.31.0.48 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"ansible_os_family": "RedHat",
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": false
}
172.31.0.28 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"ansible_os_family": "RedHat",
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": false
}
172.31.0.29 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"ansible_os_family": "Debian",
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python3"
},
"changed": false
}
范例：取某台目标主机的所有IP地址
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible 172.31.0.48 -m setup -a 'filter=ansible_all_ipv4_addresses'
172.31.0.48 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"ansible_all_ipv4_addresses": [
"172.31.0.48",
"192.168.0.104"
],
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": false
}
范例：取某台目标主机的默认IP
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible 172.31.0.17 -m setup -a 'filter=ansible_default_ipv4'
172.31.0.17 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"ansible_default_ipv4": {
"address": "172.31.0.17",
"alias": "eth0",
"broadcast": "172.31.255.255",
"gateway": "172.31.0.254",
"interface": "eth0",
"macaddress": "00:0c:29:51:72:d9",
"mtu": 1500,
"netmask": "255.255.0.0",
"network": "172.31.0.0",
"type": "ether"
},
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": false
}
debug 模块
此模块可以用于输出信息,并且通过 msg 定制输出的信息内容
注意: msg后面的变量有时需要加 " " 引起来
范例: debug 模块默认输出Hello world
[root@ansible ~]# ansible 172.31.0.18 -m debug
172.31.0.18 | SUCCESS => {
"msg": "Hello world!"
}
[root@ansible ansible]#cat debug.yml
---
- hosts: websrvs
tasks:
- name: output Hello world
debug:
# 默认没有指定msg,默认输出"Hello world!"
[root@ansible ansible]# ansible-playbook debug.yml
PLAY [websrvs]
********************************************************************************
***************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts]
********************************************************************************
*******************************
ok: [172.31.0.7]
ok: [172.31.0.8]
TASK [output variables]
********************************************************************************
******************************
ok: [172.31.0.7] => {
"msg": "Hello world!"
}
ok: [172.31.0.8] => {
"msg": "Hello world!"
}
PLAY RECAP
********************************************************************************
*******************************************
172.31.0.7 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0
skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
172.31.0.8 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0
skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
范例: 利用debug 模块输出变量
[root@centos8 ~]# cat debug.yaml
---
- hosts: websrvs
tasks:
- name: output variables
debug:
msg: Host "{{ ansible_nodename }}" Ip "{{ ansible_default_ipv4.address
}}"
[root@centos8 ~]# ansible-playbook debug.yaml
范例: 显示字符串特定字符
[root@centos8 ~]# cat debug.yml
- hosts: all
gather_facts: no
vars:
a: "12345"
tasks:
- debug:
msg: "{{a[2]}}"
# 定义了一个字符串变量a，如果想要获取a字符串的第3个字符，则可以使用”a[2]”获取，索引从0开始，执行
上例playbook，debug的输出信息如下：
TASK [debug] *************************
ok: [test71] => {
"msg": "3"
}
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