linux系统网络设置！
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linux系统网络设置
一.查看网络配置
1.使用ifconfig命令查看网络接口的信息
（1）ifconfig命令查看所有活动的网络接口信息
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.206.128 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.206.255
inet6 fe80::3339:805:9ff3:5382 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:f7:67:91 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 10834 bytes 14982280 (14.2 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 5283 bytes 343978 (335.9 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 356 bytes 30848 (30.1 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 356 bytes 30848 (30.1 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.122.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.122.255
ether 52:54:00:b5:13:98 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
查看的信息详细说明
ens33：第一块以太网卡的名称，en表示以太网卡，s表示热插拔
inet：表示网路接口的IP地址
netmask：表示网络接口的子网掩码
broadcast：表示网络接口的所在网络的广播地址
inet6：表示IPv6
ether：表示网络接口的物理地址（MAC地址）
RX,TX:表示网路接口的接收发送的数据流量等信息
lo：表示loopback，回环网络接口
virbr0：表示虚拟网卡
（2）查看单个网路接口信息
ipconfig 网卡名 显示单个网卡信息
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig ens33
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.206.128 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.206.255
inet6 fe80::3339:805:9ff3:5382 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:f7:67:91 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 10840 bytes 14982952 (14.2 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 5289 bytes 344680 (336.6 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
（3）查看所有网路接口信息
ifconfig -a 全部显示 包括活动和不活动的接口
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig -a
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.206.128 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.206.255
inet6 fe80::3339:805:9ff3:5382 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:f7:67:91 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 10841 bytes 14983012 (14.2 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 5289 bytes 344680 (336.6 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 356 bytes 30848 (30.1 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 356 bytes 30848 (30.1 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.122.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.122.255
ether 52:54:00:b5:13:98 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
virbr0-nic: flags=4098<BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
ether 52:54:00:b5:13:98 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
网路管理工具
NetworkManager
network
查看状态
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status NetworkManager
● NetworkManager.service - Network Manager
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/NetworkManager.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since 一 2021-05-24 10:16:20 CST; 4h 9min ago
Docs: man:NetworkManager(8)
Main PID: 6235 (NetworkManager)
Tasks: 4
CGroup: /system.slice/NetworkManager.service
├─6235 /usr/sbin/NetworkManager --no-daemon
└─8991 /sbin/dhclient -d -q -sf /usr/libexec/nm-dhcp-helper -pf /v...
5月 24 14:18:56 localhost.localdomain dhclient[8991]: DHCPREQUEST on ens33 t...
5月 24 14:18:56 localhost.localdomain dhclient[8991]: DHCPACK from 192.168.2...
5月 24 14:18:56 localhost.localdomain NetworkManager[6235]: <info> [1621837...
5月 24 14:18:56 localhost.localdomain NetworkManager[6235]: <info> [1621837...
5月 24 14:18:56 localhost.localdomain NetworkManager[6235]: <info> [1621837...
5月 24 14:18:56 localhost.localdomain NetworkManager[6235]: <info> [1621837...
5月 24 14:18:56 localhost.localdomain NetworkManager[6235]: <info> [1621837...
5月 24 14:18:56 localhost.localdomain NetworkManager[6235]: <info> [1621837...
5月 24 14:18:56 localhost.localdomain NetworkManager[6235]: <info> [1621837...
5月 24 14:18:56 localhost.localdomain dhclient[8991]: bound to 192.168.206.1...
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status network
● network.service - LSB: Bring up/down networking
Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/network; bad; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (exited) since 一 2021-05-24 10:16:50 CST; 4h 10min ago
Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
Tasks: 0
5月 24 10:16:50 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting LSB: Bring up/dow...
5月 24 10:16:50 localhost.localdomain network[6549]: 正在打开环回接口： [ 确…]
5月 24 10:16:50 localhost.localdomain network[6549]: 正在打开接口 ens33： [ … ]
5月 24 10:16:50 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started LSB: Bring up/down...
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
[root@localhost ~]#
2.使用route命令查看路由表条目
route
route -n
可以将路由记录中的地址显示为数字形式，可以跳过解析主机名的过程，在路由条目较多的情况下能够加快执行速度。
[root@localhost ~]# route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
default gateway 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 ens33
192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr0
192.168.206.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 ens33
[root@localhost ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 192.168.206.2 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 ens33
192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr0
192.168.206.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 ens33
说明
目标网段是Default时，表示此行是默认网关记录
getway下一跳为*时，表示目标网段是与本机直接相连的
3.使用ip/ethtool命令查看网络接口
ip link
查看网络接口数据链路层信息
[root@localhost ~]# ip link
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:f7:67:91 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:b5:13:98 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:b5:13:98 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
ip address
查看网络接口网络层信息
[root@localhost ~]# ip address
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:f7:67:91 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.206.128/24 brd 192.168.206.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic ens33
valid_lft 1033sec preferred_lft 1033sec
inet6 fe80::3339:805:9ff3:5382/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:b5:13:98 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:b5:13:98 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
ethtool 网卡
查看指定网络接口的速率模式等信息
[root@localhost ~]# ethtool ens33
Settings for ens33:
Supported ports: [ TP ]
Supported link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
1000baseT/Full
Supported pause frame use: No
Supports auto-negotiation: Yes
Supported FEC modes: Not reported
Advertised link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
1000baseT/Full
Advertised pause frame use: No
Advertised auto-negotiation: Yes
Advertised FEC modes: Not reported
Speed: 1000Mb/s
Duplex: Full
Port: Twisted Pair
PHYAD: 0
Transceiver: internal
Auto-negotiation: on
MDI-X: off (auto)
Supports Wake-on: d
Wake-on: d
Current message level: 0x00000007 (7)
drv probe link
Link detected: yes
4.使用netstat命令查看网络连接情况
netstat命令
选项说明
netstat
-a 查看所有活动的网络连接信息
-u 查看udp协议的相关信息
-t 查看tcp协议的相关信息
-l 查看监听状态的网络连接及端口信息
-n 以数字形式显示相关的主机地址多扣信息
-p 显示与网路哦连接相关联的进程号进程名信息
-r 显示路由表信息
可以选项进行组合使用
netstat -a | head
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -a | head
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:sunrpc 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:x11 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 localhost.locald:domain 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:ssh 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 localhost:ipp 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 localhost:smtp 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
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