Qtmodbus之串口模式写操作
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00. 目录
01. 概述
Qt中几个常用的串口modbus类
QModbusRtuSerialSlave //modbus串口通信方式下的服务器类
QModbusRtuSerialMaster //串口通信方式下的客户端类
QModbusServer // QModbusServer类接收和处理modbus的请求。
QModbusDataUnit //存储接收和发送数据的类,数据类型为1bit和16bit
QModbusReply //客户端访问服务器后得到的回复(如客户端读服务器数据时包含数据信息)
02. 开发环境
Windows系统:Windows10
Qt版本:Qt5.15或者Qt6
Pro配置文件如下
QT += core gui serialbus serialport
greaterThan(QT_MAJOR_VERSION, 4): QT += widgets
CONFIG += c++11
# You can make your code fail to compile if it uses deprecated APIs.
# In order to do so, uncomment the following line.
#DEFINES += QT_DISABLE_DEPRECATED_BEFORE=0x060000 # disables all the APIs deprecated before Qt 6.0.0
SOURCES += \\
main.cpp \\
widget.cpp
HEADERS += \\
widget.h
# Default rules for deployment.
qnx: target.path = /tmp/$${TARGET}/bin
else: unix:!android: target.path = /opt/$${TARGET}/bin
!isEmpty(target.path): INSTALLS += target
03. 写Coils程序示例
widget.h文件
#ifndef WIDGET_H
#define WIDGET_H
#include <QWidget>
//前向声明
class QModbusClient;
class QModbusReply;
class Widget : public QWidget
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
Widget(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
~Widget();
private:
QModbusClient *modbusDevice = nullptr;
private slots:
void onReadReady();
};
#endif // WIDGET_H
widget.cpp文件
#include "widget.h"
#include <QModbusRtuSerialMaster>
#include <QModbusDataUnit>
#include <QModbusReply>
#include <QVariant>
#include <QSerialPort>
#include <QDebug>
//构造函数
Widget::Widget(QWidget *parent)
: QWidget(parent)
{
//1. 创建QModbusDevice对象
modbusDevice = new QModbusRtuSerialMaster;
//2. 如果处于连接状态,则断开连接
if (modbusDevice->state() == QModbusDevice::ConnectedState)
{
//断开连接设备
modbusDevice->disconnectDevice();
}
//3. 设置串口相关参数
//设置串口信息
modbusDevice->setConnectionParameter(QModbusDevice::SerialPortNameParameter, QVariant("COM3"));
//设置校验 无校验
modbusDevice->setConnectionParameter(QModbusDevice::SerialParityParameter, QSerialPort::NoParity);
//设置波特率
modbusDevice->setConnectionParameter(QModbusDevice::SerialBaudRateParameter, QSerialPort::Baud19200);
//设置停止位
modbusDevice->setConnectionParameter(QModbusDevice::SerialStopBitsParameter, QSerialPort::OneStop);
//设置数据位
modbusDevice->setConnectionParameter(QModbusDevice::SerialDataBitsParameter, QSerialPort::Data8);
//4. 设置其他信息
//设置超时时间
modbusDevice->setTimeout(1000); //1秒
//设置失败重试次数
modbusDevice->setNumberOfRetries(3);
//5. 连接到设备
bool ok = modbusDevice->connectDevice();
if (!ok)
{
qDebug() << "连接到串口失败: " << modbusDevice->errorString();
}
else
{
qDebug() << "连接到串口成功";
}
//6. 发送写请求
//从地址0开始写10个保持寄存器的值
//QModbusDataUnit writeData(QModbusDataUnit::HoldingRegisters, 0, 10);
//从地址0开始写10个线圈的值
QModbusDataUnit writeData(QModbusDataUnit::Coils, 0, 10);
for (int i = 0; i < writeData.valueCount(); i++)
{
writeData.setValue(i, (i * i) % 2);
}
qDebug() << "发送的数据为: " << writeData.values();
QModbusReply* reply = modbusDevice->sendWriteRequest(writeData, 1);
if (reply)
{
if (!reply->isFinished())
{
//接收响应信息
connect(reply, &QModbusReply::finished, this, [this, reply](){
if (reply->error() == QModbusDevice::ProtocolError)
{
//接收到的响应信息是协议错误
qDebug() << "写入数据错误:" << reply->errorString();
}
else if (reply->error() != QModbusDevice::NoError)
{
//接收到的响应消息是其它错误
qDebug() << "写入数据错误: " << reply->errorString();
}
else
{
//接收到的消息没有错误 一般没有必要解析响应消息
const QModbusDataUnit data = reply->result();
qDebug() << "消息数据个数:" << data.valueCount() << " :" << data.values();
}
reply->deleteLater();
});
}
else
{
//发送没有响应数据
//broadcast replies return immediately
reply->deleteLater();
}
}
else
{
qDebug() << "sendWriteRequest Error: " << reply->errorString();
}
//7. 发送读取数据请求
//从地址0开始读取10个保持寄存器的值
//QModbusDataUnit data(QModbusDataUnit::HoldingRegisters, 0, 10);
//从地址0开始读取10个离散输入量的值
//QModbusDataUnit data(QModbusDataUnit::DiscreteInputs, 0, 10);
//QModbusDataUnit::Coils 从地址0开始读取10个线圈值
QModbusDataUnit data(QModbusDataUnit::Coils, 0, 10);
//QModbusDataUnit::InputRegisters 从地址0开始读取10个输入寄存器的值
//QModbusDataUnit data(QModbusDataUnit::InputRegisters, 0, 10);
reply = modbusDevice->sendReadRequest(data, 0x1);
if (nullptr == reply)
{
qDebug() << "发送请求数据失败: " << modbusDevice->errorString();
}
else
{
if (!reply->isFinished())
{
connect(reply, &QModbusReply::finished, this, &Widget::onReadReady);
}
else
{
//broadcast replies return immediately
delete reply;
}
}
}
//析构函数
Widget::~Widget()
{
if (modbusDevice)
{
modbusDevice->disconnectDevice();
}
delete modbusDevice;
}
//准备读取数据的槽函数
void Widget::onReadReady()
{
auto reply = qobject_cast<QModbusReply*>(sender());
if (nullptr == reply)
{
return;
}
//判断是否出错
if (reply->error() == QModbusDevice::NoError)
{
//读取响应数据
const QModbusDataUnit responseData = reply->result();
qDebug() << "读到数据为:" << responseData.values();
}
else if (reply->error() == QModbusDevice::ProtocolError)
{
qDebug() << "Read response Protocol error: " << reply->errorString();
}
else
{
qDebug() << "Read response Error: " << reply->errorString();
}
//删除reply
reply->deleteLater();
}
执行结果
20:32:27: Starting D:\\ProgramData\\Qt\\build-Test-Desktop_Qt_5_15_2_MinGW_32_bit-Debug\\debug\\Test.exe ...
连接到串口成功
发送的数据为: QVector(0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1)
消息数据个数: 10 : QVector(0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1)
读到数据为: QVector(0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1)
20:34:02: D:\\ProgramData\\Qt\\build-Test-Desktop_Qt_5_15_2_MinGW_32_bit-Debug\\debug\\Test.exe exited with code 0
04. 写HoldingRegisters程序示例
widget.h文件
#ifndef WIDGET_H
#define WIDGET_H
#include <QWidget>
//前向声明
class QModbusClient;
class QModbusReply;
class Widget : public QWidget
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
Widget(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
~Widget();
private:
QModbusClient *modbusDevice = nullptr;
private slots:
void onReadReady();
};
#endif // WIDGET_H
widget.cpp文件
#include "widget.h"
#include <QModbusRtuSerialMaster>
#include <QModbusDataUnit>
#include <QModbusReply>
#include <QVariant>
#include <QSerialPort>
#include <QDebug>
//构造函数
Widget::Widget(QWidget *parent)
: QWidget(parent)
{
//1. 创建QModbusDevice对象
modbusDevice = new QModbusRtuSerialMaster;
//2. 如果处于连接状态,则断开连接
if (modbusDevice->state() == QModbusDevice::ConnectedState)
{
//断开连接设备
modbusDevice->disconnectDevice();
}
//3. 设置串口相关参数
//设置串口信息
modbusDevice->setConnectionParameter(QModbusDevice::SerialPortNameParameter, QVariant("COM3"));
//设置校验 无校验
modbusDevice->setConnectionParameter(QModbusDevice::SerialParityParameter, QSerialPort::NoParity);
//设置波特率
modbusDevice->setConnectionParameter(QModbusDevice::SerialBaudRateParameter, QSerialPort::Baud19200);
//设置停止位
modbusDevice->setConnectionParameter(QModbusDevice::SerialStopBitsParameter, QSerialPort::OneStop);
//设置数据位
modbusDevice->setConnectionParameter(QModbusDevice::SerialDataBitsParameter, QSerialPort::Data8);
//4. 设置其他信息
//设置超时时间
modbusDevice->setTimeout(1000); //1秒
//设置失败重试次数
modbusDevice->setNumberOfRetries(3);
//5. 连接到设备
bool ok = modbusDevice->connectDevice();
if (!ok)
{
qDebug() << "连接到串口失败: " << modbusDevice->errorString();
}
else
{
qDebug() << "连接到串口成功";
}
//6. 发送写请求
//从地址0开始写10个保持寄存器的值
QModbusDataUnit writeData(QModbusDataUnit::HoldingRegisters, 0, 10);
for (int i = 0; i < writeData.valueCount(); i++)
{
writeData.setValue(i, i * i);
}
qDebug() << "发送的数据为: " << writeData.values();
QModbusReply* reply = modbusDevice->sendWriteRequest(writeData, 1);
if (reply)
{
if (!reply->isFinished())
{
//接收响应信息
connect(reply, &QModbusReply::finished, this, [this, reply](){
if (reply->error() == QModbusDevice::ProtocolError)
{
//接收到的响应信息是协议错误
qDebug() << "写入数据错误:" << reply->errorString();
}
else if (reply->error() != QModbusDevice::NoError)
{
//接收到的响应消息是其它错误
qDebug() << "写入数据错误: " << reply->errorString();
}
else
{
//接收到的消息没有错误 一般没有必要解析响应消息
const QModbusDataUnit data = reply->result();
qDebug() << "消息数据个数:" << data.valueCount() << " :" << data.values();
}
reply->deleteLater();
});
}
else
{
//发送没有响应数据
//broadcast replies return immediately
reply->deleteLater();
}
}
else
{
qDebug() << "sendWriteRequest Error: " << reply->errorString();
}
//7. 发送读取数据请求
//从地址0开始读取10个保持寄存器的值
QModbusDataUnit data(QModbusDataUnit::HoldingRegisters, 0, 10);
//从地址0开始读取10个离散输入量的值
//QModbusDataUnit data(QModbusDataUnit::DiscreteInputs, 0, 10);
//QModbusDataUnit::Coils 从地址0开始读取10个线圈值
//QModbusDataUnit data(QModbusDataUnit::Coils, 0, 10);
//QModbusDataUnit::InputRegisters 从地址0开始读取10个输入寄存器的值
//QModbusDataUnit data(QModbusDataUnit::InputRegisters, 0, 10);
reply = modbusDevice->sendReadRequest(data, 0x1);
if (nullptr == reply)
{
qDebug() << "发送请求数据失败: " << modbusDevice->errorString();
}
else
{
if (!reply->isFinished())
{
connect(reply, &QModbusReply::finished, this, &Widget::onReadReady);
}
else
{
//broadcast replies return immediately
delete reply;
}
}
}
//析构函数
Widget::~Widget()
{
if (modbusDevice)
{
modbusDevice->disconnectDevice();
}
delete modbusDevice;
}
//准备读取数据的槽函数
void Widget::onReadReady()
{
auto reply = qobject_cast<QModbusReply*>(sender());
if (nullptr == reply)
{
return;
}
//判断是否出错
if (reply->error() == QModbusDevice::NoError)
{
//读取响应数据
const QModbusDataUnit responseData = reply->result();
qDebug() << "读到数据为:" << responseData.values();
}
else if (reply->error() == QModbusDevice::ProtocolError)
{
qDebug() << "Read response Protocol error: " << reply->errorString();
}
else
{
qDebug() << "Read response Error: " << reply->errorString();
}
//删除reply
reply->deleteLater();
}
执行结果
20:23:23: Starting D:\\ProgramData\\Qt\\build-Test-Desktop_Qt_5_15_2_MinGW_32_bit-Debug\\debug\\Test.exe ...
连接到串口成功
发送的数据为: QVector(0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81)
消息数据个数: 10 : QVector(0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81)
读到数据为: QVector(0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81)
20:23:29: D:\\ProgramData\\Qt\\build-Test-Desktop_Qt_5_15_2_MinGW_32_bit-Debug\\debug\\Test.exe exited with code 0
05. 综合示例
程序界面
[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-J2Oiv0Co-1621479015968)(assets/image-20210520104421393.png)]
settingdialog.h文件
#ifndef SETTINGDIALOG_H
#define SETTINGDIALOG_H
#include <QDialog>
#include <QtSerialPort>
namespace Ui {
class SettingDialog;
}
//串口设置相关类
class SettingDialog : public QDialog
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
struct Settings
{
//串口名
QString serialName = "COM3";
//校验位
int parity = QSerialPort::NoParity;
//波特率
int baud = QSerialPort::Baud19200;
//数据位
int dataBits = QSerialPort::Data8;
//停止位
Qtmodbus之串口模式读操作