Python基础入门练习，小白一定要多练啊！！！

Posted 2021-05-18 yunyun云芸

要想你的Python达到大神级别的，不管你是小白还是已经入门的，必须达到理论和实践相结合，现在不管学什么专业，都要有这两点，理论与实践的重要性。在这里小编准备了Python入门的26个基础练习，希望对你有用。

1-字典基础

字典是key-value(键－值）对形式的，没有顺序，通过键取出值

adict = {'name': 'bob', 'age': 23}

len(adict)

'bob' in adict # False

'name' in adict # True

adict['email'] = '[e-mail]' # 字典中没有key，则添加新项目

adict['age'] = 25 # 字典中已有key，修改对应的value

2-基本判断

单个的数据也可作为判断条件。 任何值为0的数字、空对象都是False，任何非0数字、非空对象都是True。

if 3 > 0:

print('yes')

print('ok')

if 10 in [10, 20, 30]:

print('ok')

if -0.0:

print('yes') # 任何值为0的数字都是False

if [1, 2]:

print('yes') # 非空对象都是True

if ' ':

print('yes') # 空格字符也是字符，条件为True

3-条件表达式、三元运算符

a = 10

b = 20

if a < b:

smaller = a

else:

smaller = b

print(smaller)

s = a if a < b else b # 和上面的if-else语句等价

print(s)

4-判断练习：用户名和密码是否正确

import getpass # 导入模块

username = input('username: ')

#getpass模块中，有一个方法也叫getpass

password = getpass.getpass('password: ')

if username == 'bob' and password == '123456':

print('Login successful')

else:

print('Login incorrect')

5-猜数：基础实现

import random

num = random.randint(1, 10) # 随机生成1－10之间的数字

answer = int(input('guess a number: ')) # 将用户输入的字符转成整数

if answer > num:

print('猜大了')

elif answer < num:

print('猜小了')

else:

print('猜对了')

print('the number:', num)

6-成绩分类1

score = int(input('分数: '))

if score >= 90:

print('优秀')

elif score >= 80:

print('好')

elif score >= 70:

print('良')

elif score >= 60:

print('及格')

else:

print('你要努力了')

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7-成绩分类2

score = int(input('分数: '))

if score >= 60 and score < 70:

print('及格')

elif 70 <= score < 80:

print('良')

elif 80 <= score < 90:

print('好')

elif score >= 90:

print('优秀')

else:

print('你要努力了')

8-石头剪刀布

import random

all_choices = ['石头', '剪刀', '布']

computer = random.choice(all_choices)

player = input('请出拳: ')

# print('Your choice:', player, "Computer's choice:", computer)

print("Your choice: %s, Computer's choice: %s" % (player, computer))

if player == '石头':

if computer == '石头':

print('平局')

elif computer == '剪刀':

print('You WIN!!!')

else:

print('You LOSE!!!')

elif player == '剪刀':

if computer == '石头':

print('You LOSE!!!')

elif computer == '剪刀':

print('平局')

else:

print('You WIN!!!')

else:

if computer == '石头':

print('You WIN!!!')

elif computer == '剪刀':

print('You LOSE!!!')

else:

print('平局')

9-改进的石头剪刀布

import random

all_choices = ['石头', '剪刀', '布']

win_list = [['石头', '剪刀'], ['剪刀', '布'], ['布', '石头']]

prompt = """(0) 石头

(1) 剪刀

(2) 布

请选择(0/1/2): """

computer = random.choice(all_choices)

ind = int(input(prompt))

player = all_choices[ind]

print("Your choice: %s, Computer's choice: %s" % (player, computer))

if player == computer:

print('\\033[32;1m平局\\033[0m')

elif [player, computer] in win_list:

print('\\033[31;1mYou WIN!!!\\033[0m')

else:

print('\\033[31;1mYou LOSE!!!\\033[0m')

10-猜数，直到猜对

import random

num = random.randint(1, 10)

running = True

while running:

answer = int(input('guess the number: '))

if answer > num:

print('猜大了')

elif answer < num:

print('猜小了')

else:

print('猜对了')

running = False

11-猜数，5次机会

import random

num = random.randint(1, 10)

counter = 0

while counter < 5:

answer = int(input('guess the number: '))

if answer > num:

print('猜大了')

elif answer < num:

print('猜小了')

else:

print('猜对了')

break

counter += 1

else: # 循环被break就不执行了，没有被break才执行

print('the number is:', num)

12-while循环，累加至100

因为循环次数是已知的，实际使用时，建议用for循环

sum100 = 0

counter = 1

while counter < 101:

sum100 += counter

counter += 1

print(sum100)

13-while-break

break是结束循环，break之后、循环体内代码不再执行。

while True:

yn = input('Continue(y/n): ')

if yn in ['n', 'N']:

break

print('running...')

14-while-continue

计算100以内偶数之和。
continue是跳过本次循环剩余部分，回到循环条件处。

sum100 = 0

counter = 0

while counter < 100:

counter += 1


# if counter % 2:

if counter % 2 == 1:

continue

sum100 += counter

print(sum100)

15-for循环遍历数据对象

astr = 'hello'

alist = [10, 20, 30]

atuple = ('bob', 'tom', 'alice')

adict = {'name': 'john', 'age': 23}

for ch in astr:

print(ch)

for i in alist:

print(i)

for name in atuple:

print(name)

for key in adict:

print('%s: %s' % (key, adict[key]))

16-range用法及数字累加

# range(10) # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

# >>> list(range(10))

# range(6, 11) # [6, 7, 8, 9, 10]

# range(1, 10, 2) # [1, 3, 5, 7, 9]

# range(10, 0, -1) # [10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1]

sum100 = 0

for i in range(1, 101):

sum100 += i

print(sum100)

17-列表实现斐波那契数列

列表中先给定两个数字，后面的数字总是前两个数字之和。

fib = [0, 1]

for i in range(8):

fib.append(fib[-1] + fib[-2])

print(fib)

18-九九乘法表

for i in range(1, 10):

for j in range(1, i + 1):

print('%s*%s=%s' % (j, i, i * j), end=' ')

print()


# i=1 ->j: [1]

# i=2 ->j: [1,2]

# i=3 ->j: [1,2,3]

＃由用户指定相乘到多少

n = int(input('number: '))

for i in range(1, n + 1):

for j in range(1, i + 1):

print('%s*%s=%s' % (j, i, i * j), end=' ')

print()

19-逐步实现列表解析

# 10+5的结果放到列表中

[10 + 5]

# 10+5这个表达式计算10次

[10 + 5 for i in range(10)]

# 10+i的i来自于循环

[10 + i for i in range(10)]

[10 + i for i in range(1, 11)]

# 通过if过滤，满足if条件的才参与10+i的运算

[10 + i for i in range(1, 11) if i % 2 == 1]

[10 + i for i in range(1, 11) if i % 2]

# 生成IP地址列表

['192.168.1.%s' % i for i in range(1, 255)]

20-三局两胜的石头剪刀布

import random

all_choices = ['石头', '剪刀', '布']

win_list = [['石头', '剪刀'], ['剪刀', '布'], ['布', '石头']]

prompt = """(0) 石头

(1) 剪刀

(2) 布

请选择(0/1/2): """

cwin = 0

pwin = 0

while cwin < 2 and pwin < 2:

computer = random.choice(all_choices)

ind = int(input(prompt))

player = all_choices[ind]

print("Your choice: %s, Computer's choice: %s" % (player, computer))

if player == computer:

print('\\033[32;1m平局\\033[0m')

elif [player, computer] in win_list:

pwin += 1

print('\\033[31;1mYou WIN!!!\\033[0m')

else:

cwin += 1

print('\\033[31;1mYou LOSE!!!\\033[0m')

21-函数应用-斐波那契数列

def gen_fib(l):

fib = [0, 1]

for i in range(l - len(fib)):

fib.append(fib[-1] + fib[-2])

return fib # 返回列表，不返回变量fib

a = gen_fib(10)

print(a)

print('-' * 50)

n = int(input("length: "))

print(gen_fib(n)) # 不会把变量n传入，是把n代表的值赋值给形参

22-函数-拷贝文件

import sys

def copy(src_fname, dst_fname):

src_fobj = open(src_fname, 'rb')

dst_fobj = open(dst_fname, 'wb')

while True:

data = src_fobj.read(4096)

if not data:

break

dst_fobj.write(data)

src_fobj.close()

dst_fobj.close()

copy(sys.argv[1], sys.argv[2])

# 执行方式

# cp_func.py /etc/hosts /tmp/zhuji.txt

23-函数-九九乘法表

def mtable(n):

for i in range(1, n + 1):

for j in range(1, i + 1):

print('%s*%s=%s' % (j, i, i * j), end=' ')

print()

mtable(6)

mtable(9)

24-模块基础

每一个以py作为扩展名的文件都是一个模块。

star.py：

hi = 'hello world!'

def pstar(n=50):

print('*' * n)

if __name__ == '__main__':

pstar()

pstar(30)

在call_star.py中调用star模块：

import star

print(star.hi)

star.pstar()

star.pstar(30)

25-生成密码/验证码

此文件名为：randpass.py
思路：
1、设置一个用于随机取出字符的基础字符串，本例使用大小写字母加数字
2、循环n次，每次随机取出一个字符
3、将各个字符拼接起来，保存到变量result中

from random import choice

import string

all_chs = string.ascii_letters + string.digits # 大小写字母加数字

def gen_pass(n=8):

result = ''

for i in range(n):

ch = choice(all_chs)

result += ch

return result

if __name__ == '__main__':

print(gen_pass())

print(gen_pass(4))

print(gen_pass(10))

26-序列对象方法

from random import randint

alist = list() # []

list('hello') # ['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']

list((10, 20, 30)) # [10, 20, 30] 元组转列表

astr = str() # ''

str(10) # '10'

str(['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']) # 将列表转成字符串

atuple = tuple() # ()

tuple('hello') # ('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')

num_list = [randint(1, 100) for i in range(10)]

max(num_list)

min(num_list)

到这里结束啦~整理的这些题目希望给你们带来学习上的帮助，想了解更多Python，可以关注我私聊我啦。