Educational Codeforces Round 93 (Rated for Div. 2) C. Good Subarrays(前缀和优化技巧)
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题目描述
You are given an array a1,a2,…,an consisting of integers from 0 to 9. A subarray al,al+1,al+2,…,ar−1,ar is good if the sum of elements of this subarray is equal to the length of this subarray (∑i=lrai=r−l+1).
For example, if a=[1,2,0], then there are 3 good subarrays: a1…1=[1],a2…3=[2,0] and a1…3=[1,2,0].
Calculate the number of good subarrays of the array a.
Input
The first line contains one integer t (1≤t≤1000) — the number of test cases.
The first line of each test case contains one integer n (1≤n≤105) — the length of the array a.
The second line of each test case contains a string consisting of n decimal digits, where the i-th digit is equal to the value of ai.
It is guaranteed that the sum of n over all test cases does not exceed 105.
Output
For each test case print one integer — the number of good subarrays of the array a.
Example
input
3
3
120
5
11011
6
600005
output
3
6
1
Note
The first test case is considered in the statement.
In the second test case, there are 6 good subarrays: a1…1, a2…2, a1…2, a4…4, a5…5 and a4…5.
In the third test case there is only one good subarray: a2…6.
题目大意
给出一个序列(每个数都为0-9),定义好的子序列为:该子序列的和=该子序列的长度。问好的子序列的个数。
题目分析
好的子序列即为:该序列的平均值为1。这样的子序列的和等于该子序列的长度,它的值并不固定,因此我们并不能很好的进行求解。
这里有一个常用的技巧:我们可以给序列中所有数减1。这样我们只需要找出所有序列和为0的子序列来即可,目标这样序列的和就固定了。
除此之外,还有一个技巧:我们可以用map记录下所有前面的前缀和值,如果当前的前缀和值在map中存在,那么说明序列中至少有一段子序列的和值为0.
利用前缀和+map,我们就可以用O(nlogn)的时间内求出所有和为0的子序列了。
代码如下
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdio>
#include <set>
#include <string>
#include <cstring>
#include <map>
#include <algorithm>
#include <stack>
#include <queue>
#include <bitset>
#define LL long long
#define ULL unsigned long long
#define PII pair<int,int>
#define x first
#define y second
using namespace std;
const int N=1e3+5,mod=1e9+7;
int main()
{
int t;
cin>>t;
while(t--)
{
map<int,LL> mp;
int n;
string s;
cin>>n>>s;
LL ans=0,sum=0; //ans记录答案的个数,sum记录前缀和
for(int i=0;i<s.size();i++)
{
int x=s[i]-'1'; //获得当前的数-1
sum+=x; //记录前缀和
if(!sum) ans++; //如果当前前缀和值=0,说明[0-i]是一个好的子序列
ans+=mp[sum]; //记录有多少起点不为0的好子序列
mp[sum]++; //将当前值放入map
}
printf("%lld\\n",ans);
}
return 0;
}
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