python Django 生成sql语句
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不能执行。。
Django提供了sql,sql_all命令来生成MODEL的SQL语句,当定义好Django Model后,可以在初始化调用Syncdb方法来自动在数据库里面生成相应的表。
Model定义如下:
class TestModel(models.Model):Name=models.CharField(max_length=64,blank=True)
>>> from django.core.management.color import no_style
#Style是用来输出语句时着色的
>>> from django.db import connection
>>> from django.db.backends import creation
#这里面有个类BaseDatabaseCreation,就是用来生成SQL语句的。
>>> T=TestModel()
>>> c=creation.BaseDatabaseCreation(connection)
>>>c.sql_create_model(T,no_style())[0]
[\'CREATE TABLE "abc" (\\n "id" integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,\\n "Theme" varchar(64) NOT NULL\\n)\\n;\']
这样就可以通过Django取得这个模型的SQL定义语句了,并且针对不同的数据库处理Django已经帮做好了。
1)在models.py 里面定义好模型
2)在settings.py文件里面,设置DATABASES =
如果想连接mysql又没有装Mysql驱动,是连不上的, 参考技术B 你好,你的问题太简短了,
可否描述一下问题和遇到的困难。 参考技术C 没安装mysql 会导致manage.py sqlall 不能执行吗?
如何以编程方式为 Django 中的给定模型生成 CREATE TABLE SQL 语句?
【中文标题】如何以编程方式为 Django 中的给定模型生成 CREATE TABLE SQL 语句?【英文标题】:How to programmatically generate the CREATE TABLE SQL statement for a given model in Django? 【发布时间】:2018-07-17 21:25:11 【问题描述】:我需要在我的 Django 应用程序中以编程方式为给定的 unmanaged 模型生成 CREATE TABLE 语句 (managed = False
)
由于我正在处理旧数据库,我不想创建迁移并使用sqlmigrate
。
./manage.py sql
命令可用于此目的,但已在 Django 1.8 中删除
你知道任何替代方案吗?
【问题讨论】:
什么风味数据库?有些像 MySQL 允许你执行“SHOW CREATE TABLE”语句 请问,当它是非托管模型时,为什么需要“以编程方式生成”此 SQL 语句?如果重点是创建一个开发数据库,请从原始数据库创建一个仅模式 SQL 转储(或要求 dba 这样做)并将其包含在您的源代码中。 如果您的最终目标是创建一个表,例如对于某些测试,请查看一种强制 Django 在特定时刻为您创建它的方法,例如测试类设置,无需自己处理原始 SQLBaseDatabaseSchemaEditor.create_model(model)
.
@Nikita 你真的应该发布一个答案,这样任何人都可以投票给你这个好答案。如果它有效(我没有测试过),与我一年前给出的解决方案相比,这是一个很好的解决方案;-)
@fero,谢谢 :) 会的。有用。当我需要模拟外部系统的只读视图来测试我的模型时,我偶然发现了这个问题。看了你的回答,我明白了,我忘了考虑使用 Django 迁移框架 API。对文档进行更多搜索导致我使用我指出的方法。
【参考方案1】:
按照建议,我发布了该案例的完整答案,该问题可能暗示。
假设您有一个外部数据库表,您决定将其作为 Django 模型进行访问,因此将其描述为非托管模型 (Meta: managed = False
)。
稍后您需要能够在代码中创建它,例如使用本地数据库进行一些测试。显然,Django 不会对非托管模型进行迁移,因此不会在您的测试数据库中创建它。
这可以使用 Django API 解决,而无需使用原始 SQL - SchemaEditor
。请参阅下面更完整的示例,但作为一个简短的答案,您可以像这样使用它:
from django.db import connections
with connections['db_to_create_a_table_in'].schema_editor() as schema_editor:
schema_editor.create_model(YourUnmanagedModelClass)
一个实际的例子:
# your_app/models/your_model.py
from django.db import models
class IntegrationView(models.Model):
"""A read-only model to access a view in some external DB."""
class Meta:
managed = False
db_table = 'integration_view'
name = models.CharField(
db_column='object_name',
max_length=255,
primaty_key=True,
verbose_name='Object Name',
)
some_value = models.CharField(
db_column='some_object_value',
max_length=255,
blank=True,
null=True,
verbose_name='Some Object Value',
)
# Depending on the situation it might be a good idea to redefine
# some methods as a NOOP as a safety-net.
# Note, that it's not completely safe this way, but might help with some
# silly mistakes in user code
def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
"""Preventing data modification."""
pass
def delete(self, *args, **kwargs):
"""Preventing data deletion."""
pass
现在,假设您需要能够通过 Django 创建此模型,例如进行一些测试。
# your_app/tests/some_test.py
# This will allow to access the `SchemaEditor` for the DB
from django.db import connections
from django.test import TestCase
from your_app.models.your_model import IntegrationView
class SomeLogicTestCase(TestCase):
"""Tests some logic, that uses `IntegrationView`."""
# Since it is assumed, that the `IntegrationView` is read-only for the
# the case being described it's a good idea to put setup logic in class
# setup fixture, that will run only once for the whole test case
@classmethod
def setUpClass(cls):
"""Prepares `IntegrationView` mock data for the test case."""
# This is the actual part, that will create the table in the DB
# for the unmanaged model (Any model in fact, but managed models will
# have their tables created already by the Django testing framework)
# Note: Here we're able to choose which DB, defined in your settings,
# will be used to create the table
with connections['external_db'].schema_editor() as schema_editor:
schema_editor.create_model(IntegrationView)
# That's all you need, after the execution of this statements
# a DB table for `IntegrationView` will be created in the DB
# defined as `external_db`.
# Now suppose we need to add some mock data...
# Again, if we consider the table to be read-only, the data can be
# defined here, otherwise it's better to do it in `setUp()` method.
# Remember `IntegrationView.save()` is overridden as a NOOP, so simple
# calls to `IntegrationView.save()` or `IntegrationView.objects.create()`
# won't do anything, so we need to "Improvise. Adapt. Overcome."
# One way is to use the `save()` method of the base class,
# but provide the instance of our class
integration_view = IntegrationView(
name='Biggus Dickus',
some_value='Something really important.',
)
super(IntegrationView, integration_view).save(using='external_db')
# Another one is to use the `bulk_create()`, which doesn't use
# `save()` internally, and in fact is a better solution
# if we're creating many records
IntegrationView.objects.using('external_db').bulk_create([
IntegrationView(
name='Sillius Soddus',
some_value='Something important',
),
IntegrationView(
name='Naughtius Maximus',
some_value='Whatever',
),
])
# Don't forget to clean after
@classmethod
def tearDownClass(cls):
with connections['external_db'].schema_editor() as schema_editor:
schema_editor.delete_model(IntegrationView)
def test_some_logic_using_data_from_integration_view(self):
self.assertTrue(IntegrationView.objects.using('external_db').filter(
name='Biggus Dickus',
))
为了使示例更完整...由于我们使用多个 DB(default
和 external_db
),Django 将尝试在这两个数据库上运行迁移以进行测试,到目前为止,DB 中没有选项设置以防止这种情况。所以我们必须使用自定义的 DB 路由器进行测试。
# your_app/tests/base.py
class PreventMigrationsDBRouter:
"""DB router to prevent migrations for specific DBs during tests."""
_NO_MIGRATION_DBS = 'external_db',
def allow_migrate(self, db, app_label, model_name=None, **hints):
"""Actually disallows migrations for specific DBs."""
return db not in self._NO_MIGRATION_DBS
以及所描述案例的测试设置文件示例:
# settings/test.py
DATABASES =
'default':
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.oracle',
'NAME': 'db_name',
'USER': 'username',
'HOST': 'localhost',
'PASSWORD': 'password',
'PORT': '1521',
,
# For production here we would have settings to connect to the external DB,
# but for testing purposes we could get by with an SQLite DB
'external_db':
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
,
# Not necessary to use a router in production config, since if the DB
# is unspecified explicitly for some action Django will use the `default` DB
DATABASE_ROUTERS = ['your_app.tests.base.PreventMigrationsDBRouter', ]
希望这个详细的新 Django 用户友好示例能够帮助某人并节省他们的时间。
【讨论】:
【参考方案2】:不幸的是,似乎没有简单的方法可以做到这一点,但为了你的运气,我刚刚成功地为你在 django 迁移丛林的内部挖掘工作的 sn-p。
只是:
-
将代码保存到
get_sql_create_table.py
(示例)
做$ export DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=yourproject.settings
使用python get_sql_create_table.py yourapp.yourmodel
启动脚本
它应该输出你需要的东西。
希望对你有帮助!
import django
django.setup()
from django.db.migrations.state import ModelState
from django.db.migrations import operations
from django.db.migrations.migration import Migration
from django.db import connections
from django.db.migrations.state import ProjectState
def get_create_sql_for_model(model):
model_state = ModelState.from_model(model)
# Create a fake migration with the CreateModel operation
cm = operations.CreateModel(name=model_state.name, fields=model_state.fields)
migration = Migration("fake_migration", "app")
migration.operations.append(cm)
# Let the migration framework think that the project is in an initial state
state = ProjectState()
# Get the SQL through the schema_editor bound to the connection
connection = connections['default']
with connection.schema_editor(collect_sql=True, atomic=migration.atomic) as schema_editor:
state = migration.apply(state, schema_editor, collect_sql=True)
# return the CREATE TABLE statement
return "\n".join(schema_editor.collected_sql)
if __name__ == "__main__":
import importlib
import sys
if len(sys.argv) < 2:
print("Usage: <app.model>".format(sys.argv[0]))
sys.exit(100)
app, model_name = sys.argv[1].split('.')
models = importlib.import_module(".models".format(app))
model = getattr(models, model_name)
rv = get_create_sql_for_model(model)
print(rv)
【讨论】:
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如何以编程方式为 Django 中的给定模型生成 CREATE TABLE SQL 语句?