央视记者王冠数据分析贸易战 用事实撕下美国“国家安全”“知识产权”的面具

Posted 2021-03-29 CGTN

视频来自央视新闻

这次特朗普政府的对华贸易战，真的是为了保护美国“国家安全”和解决“知识产权”问题吗？央视记者王冠用事实和数据对白宫的说法进行了反驳。

When the Trump administration announced new US trade tariffs on China, it stated that the decision was to protect national security and solve intellectual property issues. And is this true? CGTN reporter Wang Guan analyzed the data, showing that the US statement is a complete disguise.

美国对华“贸易战”主要有两轮攻势，可以简单归纳为232和301。

Referring to the "trade war," the US move can be simply summed up as 232 (Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962) and 301(Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974), respectively corresponding to the protection of "national security" and the resolution of "intellectual property rights."

什么是232和301调查？

“232” 国家安全

特朗普援引一部美国《1962年贸易扩展法》的232条款，以危害国家安全为由向产自中国的钢材和铝材分别征收25%和10%的关税，关键词是国家安全。

到底是为国家安全，还是拿国家安全当幌子搞保护主义？

The flawed 'national security' argument on steel

“综合中国海关、美国钢铁协会和独立的第三方机构兰格钢铁研究中心三家数据来看，2006年，中国出口美国钢材540万吨。到了2017年，很多人认为随着中美整体贸易的增长，中国出口也应该相应上涨，结果只有118万吨，跌幅78%，原因之一是美国在此期间多次对中国钢铁制裁。如今，在美国钢铁进口国家排名中，中国只排第11。”

According to Wang's report, based on the statistics from China Customs, the American Iron and Steel Institute and the third-party Lange Steel Research Center, in 2006 China exported 5.4 million tons of steel to the United States, but in 2017 it only had 1.18 million tons, a decrease of 78 percent. One of the reasons is that the US has imposed repeated sanctions against Chinese steel.

Many people feel puzzled. How can so little steel exported to the United States threaten the country's huge, heavenly network of national security systems? Even the US financial media raised objections by saying that national security is a good reason for protection, but not of steel and aluminum.

“美国进口钢材数量排名中，加拿大排第1，中国第11。但制裁中国的232报告一共提到了中国202次，而提到加拿大只有24次。结果：中国却被征收25%关税，加拿大在这轮制裁中被暂免。”

Wang also compared the different treatment China and Canada received from the US. Today, Canada ranks first in the United States in steel imports and China 11th. However, the 232 report mentioned China a total of 202 times and Canada only 24. As a result, China was handed a 25 percent tariff and Canada was temporarily exempted from this round of sanctions. It is clear to see whether this is a double standard of the United States or whether it used national security as an excuse to engage in protectionism to curb trade in China.

“301” 知识产权

最近一轮301调查，是白宫根据《1974年贸易法》，对中国知识产权等问题收取的惩罚性关税，关键词是知识产权。

美国真正目的何在？

The excuse of 'intellectual property rights' 

美方表示因为中国侵犯美国知识产权，因此对未来中国出口美国的十个行业进行制裁。这十大领域和中国打造制造强国的“中国制造2025”计划列出的十大领域完全吻合。

Regarding the recent 301 investigation, Wang also cited specific facts. The US stated that because China infringes on US intellectual property rights, it will impose sanctions on ten Chinese exports to the United States in the future. It is not hard to find that the ten major areas on the list of specific sanctions given by the US are exactly in line with the ten major areas listed in the "Made in China 2025" plan for China to become a manufacturing power.

日前，《纽约时报》财经版头条文章《分裂中美贸易的其实不是关税》中说，“美国的真正考量是要遏制中国制造业升级，拖慢中国实业兴邦的‘中国制造2025’这一强国战略。”

This can be echoed by a headline report of the New York Times, which stated that the real consideration of the United States is to curb the upgrading of China's manufacturing industry and slow down the development of the country's industrial prosperity as it moves to achieve its manufacturing goal by 2025. "Administration officials strongly object to the program's goal of having Chinese companies dominate these advanced industries, particularly in the Chinese market," the paper said in the report.

Meanwhile, Wang also cited an example of his own personal experience. Last November, he participated in a seminar on "301 survey" by the Center for International and Strategic Issues (CISI), presenting by many hawks toward China who support or participate in the "301 survey," including senior Senator John Cornyn.

记者王冠拍摄于2017年11月CSIS中美经贸论坛

At the seminar, Cornyn spoke unambiguously as the voice of the American hawks: The next round of US economic and trade sanctions against China is to slow down or even delay the progress of China's sophisticated technology and its march to overtake the US by all means, and to ensure American high and new technology is globally leading and its strategic leader position.

“微观上看，知识产权的确是中美的一个议题，但宏观上讲，以知识产权为借口，借关税手段打压中国向高精尖制造业强国升级是美国背后的更深层考量。”

From a microscopic point of view, intellectual property is indeed an issue between China and the United States. However, at a macro level, the United States is using intellectual property as an excuse to use tariff measures to suppress China's upgrade to a high-caliber manufacturing powerhouse.

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