MySQL主从读写分离搭建-ShardingSphere-Proxy

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mysql主从读写分离搭建搭建MySQL主从数据库准备配置MySQL主数据库配置MySQL从数据库验证主从数据库搭建ShardingSphere-Proxy,实现数据库读写分离准备配置ShardingSphere-Proxy运行ShardingSphere-Proxy连接数据库进行测试


搭建MySQL主从数据库

准备

  1. 下载MySQL免安装版本:mysql-5.7.32-winx64.zip

  2. 解压两份mysql-5.7.32-winx64.zip,分别到目录:MySQL主数据库目录D:\Other\mysql-5.7.32-winx64和MySQL从数据库目录D:\Other\mysql-5.7.32-winx64-slave

配置MySQL主数据库

  1. 进入D:\Other\mysql-5.7.32-winx64目录,创建my.ini文件,文件内容如下:

     [mysql]
     default-character-set=utf8mb4
     
     [mysqld]
     # 设置端口
     port=3506
     # 设置mysql的安装目录
     basedir=D:/Other/mysql-5.7.32-winx64
     # 设置mysql的数据存放目录
     datadir=D:/Other/mysql-5.7.32-winx64/data
     # 允许最大连接数
     max_connections=200
     # 服务端使用的字符集默认为8比特编码的Latin1字符集
     character-set-server=utf8
     # 创建新表时将使用的默认存储引擎
     default-storage-engine=INNODB
     performance_schema_max_table_instances=400
     table_definition_cache=400
     table_open_cache=256
     ## 永久设置时区时间
     default-time_zone = '+8:00'
     # 设置服务器唯一的id,默认是1,我们设置ip最后一段,slave设置203,不能和canal的slaveId重复
     server-id=202
     # 启用二进制日志
     log-bin=mysql-bin
     # 选择ROW(行)模式
     binlog-format=ROW
     # 忽略写入binlog的库
     binlog-ignore-db = mysql,information_schema
  2. 初始化一个新的数据目录:D:\Other\mysql-5.7.32-winx64\bin执行:

     mysqld --initialize

    该命令将会在数据目录下生成一个“.err”文件,一般为计算机名,该文件用于记录命令的执行日志,日志中会打印随机生成的root@localhost用户的临时密码。

    或者执行如下命令:

     mysqld --initialize --console

    该命令会命令日志打印到控制台上。

    或者

     mysqld --initialize-insecure

    该命令将设置一个空的root@localhost用户密码.

  3. 启动MySQL主数据库:

     D:\Other\mysql-5.7.32-winx64\bin\mysqld.exe --defaults-file=D:\Other\mysql-5.7.32-winx64\my.ini


  4. 控制台登录MySQL主数据库,进入D:\Other\mysql-5.7.32-winx64\bin目录,并执行:

     mysql -uroot -hlocalhost -P3506

    创建主从同步用户slave,密码为:password123

     CREATE USER 'slave'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'password123';

    向slave用户授予主从同步权限:

     GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO 'slave'@'%';

    刷新权限:

     flush privileges;

    查看关键信息

    查看两个关键信息,File和Position字段的值后面将会用到,在后面的操作完成之前,需要保证主数据库不能做任何操作,否则将会引起状态变化,File和Position字段的值变化。

     show master status;

    结果如下图:

    退出主数据库:

     exit

配置MySQL从数据库

  1. 进入D:\Other\mysql-5.7.32-winx64-slave目录,创建my.ini文件,文件内容如下:

     [mysql]
     default-character-set=utf8mb4
     
     [mysqld]
     # 设置端口
     port=3507
     # 设置mysql的安装目录
     basedir=D:/Other/mysql-5.7.32-winx64-slave
     # 设置mysql的数据存放目录
     datadir=D:/Other/mysql-5.7.32-winx64-slave/data
     # 允许最大连接数
     max_connections=200
     # 服务端使用的字符集默认为8比特编码的Latin1字符集
     character-set-server=utf8
     # 创建新表时将使用的默认存储引擎
     default-storage-engine=INNODB
     performance_schema_max_table_instances=400
     table_definition_cache=400
     table_open_cache=256
     # 永久设置时区时间
     default-time_zone = '+8:00'
     # 设置服务器唯一的id,默认是1,我们设置ip最后一段,slave设置203
     server-id=203
     # 启用二进制日志
     log-bin=mysql-bin
     # 忽略因复制出现的所有错误
     slave-skip-errors = all

    注意:从数据库的log-bin值mysql-bin必须和主数据库的值保持一致。

  2. 初始化一个新的数据目录:D:\Other\mysql-5.7.32-winx64-slave\bin执行:

  3.  mysqld --initialize-insecure
  4. 启动MySQL从数据库:

     D:\Other\mysql-5.7.32-winx64-slave\bin\mysqld.exe --defaults-file=D:\Other\mysql-5.7.32-winx64-slave\my.ini
  5. 配置从数据库同步:

    进入D:\Other\mysql-5.7.32-winx64-slave\bin目录,执行命令登录从数据库:

     mysql -uroot -hlocalhost -P3507

    执行主从同步命令:

     change master to master_host='localhost', master_port=3506, master_user='slave', master_password='password123', master_log_file='mysql-bin.000002', master_log_pos= 400;

    其中master_log_file和master_log_pos的值来自主数据库命令show master status;的查询结果。

  6. 查看主从同步状态:

     show slave status \G;

    可以看到Slave_IO_Running和Slave_SQL_Running都是No,因为我们还没有开启主从复制过程。

  7. 开启主从复制:

     start slave;

    再次执行show slave status \G;就会发现Slave_IO_Running和Slave_SQL_Running的值已经是Yes了,说明主从复制已经开启。

    停止主从同步的命令:

     stop slave;

    重置之前的配置信息:

     reset slave;

    修改主数据库:

     change master to ......

验证主从数据库

  1. 登录主数据库:

     D:\Other\mysql-5.7.32-winx64\bin\mysql -uroot -hlocalhost -P3507 
  2. 创建数据库test:

     CREATE DATABASE test;

    分别登录主、从数据库检查发现都已经有test数据库:

     show databases;

    主从数据库搭建完成。

搭建ShardingSphere-Proxy,实现数据库读写分离


准备

  1. 下载ShardingSphere-Proxy:apache-shardingsphere-5.0.0-alpha-shardingsphere-proxy-bin.tar.gz和MySQL驱动:mysql-connector-java-8.0.22.zip

  2. 解压apache-shardingsphere-5.0.0-alpha-shardingsphere-proxy-bin.tar.gz到D:\Other\apache-shardingsphere-5.0.0-alpha-shardingsphere-proxy-bin,并解压mysql-connector-java-8.0.22.zip文件中的mysql-connector-java-8.0.22.jar文件到D:\Other\shardingsphere\apache-shardingsphere-5.0.0-alpha-shardingsphere-proxy-bin\lib\目录。

配置ShardingSphere-Proxy

  1. 修改配置文件,配置主从数据库连接信息:D:\Other\shardingsphere\apache-shardingsphere-5.0.0-alpha-shardingsphere-proxy-bin\conf\config-replica-query.yaml

     #
     # Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
     # contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
     # this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
     # The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
     # (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
     # the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
     #
     #     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
     #
     # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
     # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
     # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
     # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
     # limitations under the License.
     #
     
     ######################################################################################################
     #
     # If you want to connect to MySQL, you should manually copy MySQL driver to lib directory.
     #
     ######################################################################################################
     
     schemaName: replica_query_db
     
     dataSourceCommon:
      username: root
      password:
      connectionTimeoutMilliseconds: 30000
      idleTimeoutMilliseconds: 60000
      maxLifetimeMilliseconds: 1800000
      maxPoolSize: 50
      minPoolSize: 1
      maintenanceIntervalMilliseconds: 30000
     
     dataSources:
      primary_ds:
        url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3506/test?serverTimezone=UTC&useSSL=false
      replica_ds_0:
        url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3507/test?serverTimezone=UTC&useSSL=false
     # replica_ds_1:
     #   url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/demo_replica_ds_1?serverTimezone=UTC&useSSL=false
     
     rules:
      - !REPLICA_QUERY
      dataSources:
        pr_ds:
          name: pr_ds
          primaryDataSourceName: primary_ds
          replicaDataSourceNames:
            - replica_ds_0
     #       - replica_ds_1
     
  2. 修改配置文件:D:\Other\shardingsphere\apache-shardingsphere-5.0.0-alpha-shardingsphere-proxy-bin\conf\server.yaml,配置客户端连接shardingsphere-proxy的信息

     #
     # Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
     # contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
     # this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
     # The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
     # (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
     # the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
     #
     #     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
     #
     # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
     # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
     # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
     # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
     # limitations under the License.
     #
     
     ######################################################################################################
     #
     # If you want to configure governance, authorization and proxy properties, please refer to this file.
     #
     ######################################################################################################
     #
     #governance:
     # name: governance_ds
     # registryCenter:
     #   type: ZooKeeper
     #   serverLists: localhost:2181
     #   props:
     #     retryIntervalMilliseconds: 500
     #     timeToLiveSeconds: 60
     #     maxRetries: 3
     #     operationTimeoutMilliseconds: 500
     # overwrite: false
     
     authentication:
      users:
        root:
          password: root
        sharding:
          password: sharding
          authorizedSchemas: sharding_db
     
     props:
      max-connections-size-per-query: 1
      acceptor-size: 16  # The default value is available processors count * 2.
      executor-size: 16  # Infinite by default.
      proxy-frontend-flush-threshold: 128  # The default value is 128.
         # LOCAL: Proxy will run with LOCAL transaction.
         # XA: Proxy will run with XA transaction.
         # BASE: Proxy will run with B.A.S.E transaction.
      proxy-transaction-type: LOCAL
      proxy-opentracing-enabled: false
      proxy-hint-enabled: false
      query-with-cipher-column: true
      sql-show: false
      check-table-metadata-enabled: false

运行ShardingSphere-Proxy

  1. 进入D:\Other\shardingsphere\apache-shardingsphere-5.0.0-alpha-shardingsphere-proxy-bin\bin目录,启动并指定端口为3508:

     start.bat 3508

连接数据库进行测试

navicat连接ShardingSphere-Proxy会存在问题,建议使用idea。在idea中以连接MySQL的方式连接到ShardingSphere-Proxy监听的端口。测试连接结果如下:



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