[接口测试_B] 06 Pytest的setup和teardown
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pytest实际上是python自带测试框架unittest的扩展,那么pytest是如何实现unittest中的setup和teardown的呢?
pytest初始化的类别和作用域
模块级别(Module level setup/teardown):作用于一个模块内的所有class和def,对于所有class和def,setup和teardown只执行一次
def setup_module(module):
"""
setup any state specific to the
execution of the given module.
"""
def teardown_module(module):
"""
teardown any state that was previously
setup with a setup_module method. """
类级别(Class level setup/teardown):作用于一个class内中的所有test,所有用例只执行一次setup,当所有用例执行完成后,才会执行teardown
@classmethod
def setup_class(cls):
""" setup any state specific to the execution
of the given class (which usually contains tests). """
@classmethod
def teardown_class(cls): """ teardown any state that was previously
setup with a call to setup_class. """
方法和函数级别(Method and function level setup/teardown):作用于单个测试用例,若用例没有执行(如被skip了)或失败了,则不会执行teardown
def setup_method(self, method):
"""
setup any state tied to the execution
of the given method in a class. setup_method is invoked for
every test method of a class. """
def teardown_method(self, method):
"""
teardown any state that was
previously setup with a setup_method call. """
若用例直接写在模块中,而不是在类中,则用:
def setup_function(function):
"""
setup any state tied to the execution of the given function. Invoked for every test function in the module. """
def teardown_function(function):
"""
teardown any state that was previously setup with
a setup_function call. """
pytest.fixture()装饰函数,结合yield实现初始化和teardown
举个例子(pytest)文档中的:
import smtplib
import pytest
@pytest.fixture(scope="module")def smtp(): smtp = smtplib.SMTP("smtp.gmail.com", 587, timeout=5)
yield smtp # provide the fixture value print("teardown smtp")
smtp.close()
运行结果:
$ pytest -s -q --tb=no
FFteardown smtp2 failed in 0.12 seconds
pytest用例初始化操作的示例
为了体现初始化和环境恢复,本节演示采用邮件发送的脚本,可查看邮件发送的脚本:python发送邮件脚本或者参考文章:SMTP发送邮件。
1、setup_method(self, method)
在test_method.py中构建了3个测试用例,每个用例在执行前后都会执行setup_method/teardown_method连接smtp和断开smtp。
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.header import Header
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
import pytest
class TestSmtp(): # 发件人和收件人,换成你自己的发件人、收件人qq号 sender = "sender@qq.com" receivers = "rece@qq.com" # 邮箱服务器 smtpserver = "smtp.qq.com" smtpport = 465 # 连接邮箱服务器,qq邮箱和密码,换成自己的 username = "sendr@qq.com" password = "qq mail's password" smtp = smtplib.SMTP_SSL() def setup_method(self, method): self.smtp.connect(self.smtpserver, self.smtpport) self.smtp.login(self.username, self.password) print("成功登录") def teardown_method(self, method): self.smtp.quit() print("断开连接") def test_send_text(self): # 邮件发送、接收人员,邮件标题、正文 msg = MIMEText("微信公众号号:开源优测", "plain", "utf-8") msg["From"] = self.sender msg["To"] = self.receivers msg["Subject"] = Header("开源优测_DeepTest_from_chenlele_text", "utf-8") # 发送邮件 self.smtp.sendmail(self.sender, self.receivers, msg.as_string()) def test_send_html(self): msg = MIMEText("<p>微信公众号号:开源优测</p><a href='http://www.testingunion.com'>开源优测社区</a>>", "html", "utf-8") msg["From"] = self.sender msg["To"] = self.receivers msg["Subject"] = Header("开源优测_DeepTest_from_chenlele_html", "utf-8") # 发送邮件 self.smtp.sendmail(self.sender, self.receivers, msg.as_string()) def test_send_attchment(self): # 邮件格式说明、发送、接收人员信息、邮件标题 msg = MIMEMultipart() msg["From"] = self.sender msg["To"] = self.receivers msg["Subject"] = Header("开源优测_DeepTest_from_chenlele", "utf-8") # 构建带附件的邮件正文 msg.attach(MIMEText("微信公众号:开源优测", "plain", "utf-8")) # 构造附件,多个附件同理 attach1 = MIMEText(open("judge_leap.json", 'rb').read(), "base64", "utf-8") attach1["Content-Type"] = "application/octet-stream" # 这里filename随意写,将会在邮件中显示 attach1["Content-Disposition"] = "attrachment;filename=code.py" # 关联附件到正文 msg.attach(attach1) # 发送邮件 self.smtp.sendmail(self.sender, self.receivers, msg.as_string())
查看结果,采用pytest -s -q 运行,-s 可以查看打印信息,-q减少输出信息:
test_method结果.png
2、setup_class(cls)
作用于class的setup_class/teardown_class,类中所有的用例只会执行一次,如图所示;
ps:用例与test_method.py的一致,参考上一串代码。
test_class.png
3、setup_module(module)
setup_module/teardown_module在一个模块内,只会执行一次,作用于模块内的所有用例
示例中构建了2个class和1个def,共4个用例,可以看到,4个用例只执行了一次module
test_module结果.png
test_module.py
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.header import Header
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
import pytest info = {"sender": "your@qq.com", "receivers": "yourother@qq.com", "smtpserver": "smtp.qq.com", "smtpport": 465, "username":"your@qq.com", "password": "yourpassword", "smtp": smtplib.SMTP_SSL()}
def setup_module(module): info["smtp"].connect(info["smtpserver"], info["smtpport"]) info["smtp"].login(info["username"], info["password"]) print("成功登录")def teardown_module(module): info["smtp"].quit() print("断开连接")
class TestSendText(): def test_send_text(self): # 邮件发送、接收人员,邮件标题、正文 msg = MIMEText("微信公众号号:开源优测", "plain", "utf-8") msg["From"] =info["sender"] msg["To"] = info["receivers"] msg["Subject"] = Header(
"开源优测_DeepTest_from_chenlele_text",
"utf-8") # 发送邮件 info["smtp"].sendmail(info["sender"],
info["receivers"],
msg.as_string()) def test_send_html(self): msg = MIMEText("<p>微信公众号号:开源优测</p><a href='http://www.testingunion.com'>开源优测社区</a>>", "html", "utf-8") msg["From"] = info["sender"] msg["To"] = info["receivers"] msg["Subject"] = Header(
"开源优测_DeepTest_from_chenlele_html",
"utf-8") # 发送邮件 info["smtp"].sendmail(info["sender"],
info["receivers"],
msg.as_string())
class TestSendAttach(): def test_send_attchment(self): # 邮件格式说明、发送、接收人员信息、邮件标题 msg = MIMEMultipart() msg["From"] = info["sender"] msg["To"] = info["receivers"] msg["Subject"] = Header(
"开源优测_DeepTest_from_chenlele",
"utf-8") # 构建带附件的邮件正文 msg.attach(MIMEText("微信公众号:开源优测",
"plain", "utf-8")) # 构造附件,多个附件同理 attach1 = MIMEText(open("judge_leap.json", 'rb').read(), "base64", "utf-8") attach1["Content-Type"] = "application/octet-stream" # 这里filename随意写,将会在邮件中显示 attach1["Content-Disposition"] = "attrachment;filename=code.py" # 关联附件到正文 msg.attach(attach1) # 发送邮件 info["smtp"].sendmail(info["sender"],
info["receivers"],
msg.as_string())
def test_send_text_out(): # 邮件发送、接收人员,邮件标题、正文 msg = MIMEText("微信公众号号:开源优测", "plain", "utf-8") msg["From"] =info["sender"] msg["To"] = info["receivers"] msg["Subject"] = Header("class外的用例执行", "utf-8") # 发送邮件 info["smtp"].sendmail(info["sender"], info["receivers"], msg.as_string())
4、pytest.fixture()
pytest.fixture采用yield实现setup和teardown操作,yield提供的参数为函数名称
与setup_module类似,pytest.fixture可作用于一个模块内的所有def和class。区别在于,必须将pytest.fixture()装饰的函数作为参数传递给用例。
pytest.fixture()装饰的函数必须作为参数传递给用例吗?
1)、将class中的smtp_ini都删除,class中的用例执行失败,def用例执行成功;
2)、将class中test_send_text的smtp_ini保留,其余2个删除,class中的用例都执行成功?这是为什么呢?只有1个用力传入了参数,但所有用例都执行成功了。
3)、将class和def中的smtp_ini都删除,用例全部执行失败。ps:用例内容与test_module.py的一致,就不粘代码了。
image.png
总结
4种方式的作用域:
setup_method:仅作用于class用例集中的用例,置于class内,每个用例都会调用一次
setup_function:作用于独立的def用例,不可作用于class内的用例
setup_class:作用于class用例集中的用例,置于class内,只在class用例执行的开始执行setup_class,结束时执行teardown_class
setup_module:作用于模块内的所有用例,置于class外,只在所以用例的开始执行setup_module,结束时执行teardown_module
pytest.fixture():作用于模块内的所有用例,但需要传递装饰函数为参数,可置于class内或class外
博客:https://www.jianshu.com/u/39cef8a56bf9
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