娣卞害瀛︿範鎴樹簤锛欶acebook 鏀寔鐨?PyTorch 涓?Google 鐨?TensorFlow | Linux 涓浗

Posted 2021-05-02 Linux涓浗

鍦ㄨ繖绡囨枃绔犱腑锛屾垜浠皢 PyTorch 涓?TensorFlow 杩涜涓嶅悓鏂归潰鐨勬瘮杈冦€?

-- Savia Lobo

鏈夌敤鐨勫師鏂囬摼鎺?

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缂栬瘧鑷€€|銆€https://datahub.packtpub.com/deep-learning/dl-wars-pytorch-vs-tensorflow/ 
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Google 鐨?TensorFlow 鏄竴涓骞挎硾浣跨敤鐨勬満鍣ㄥ涔犲拰娣卞害瀛︿範妗嗘灦銆?TensorFlow 寮€婧愪簬 2015 骞达紝寰楀埌浜嗘満鍣ㄥ涔犱笓瀹剁ぞ鍖虹殑骞挎硾鏀寔锛孴ensorFlow 宸茬粡杩呴€熸垚闀夸负璁稿鏈烘瀯鏍规嵁鍏舵満鍣ㄥ涔犲拰娣卞害瀛︿範绛夐渶姹傝€岄€夋嫨鐨勬鏋躲€?鍙︿竴鏂归潰锛孭yTorch 鏄敱 Facebook 鏈€杩戝紑鍙戠殑鐢ㄤ簬璁粌绁炵粡缃戠粶鐨?Python 鍖咃紝鏀圭紪鑷熀浜?Lua 鐨勬繁搴﹀涔犲簱 Torch銆?PyTorch 鏄皯鏁板彲鐢ㄧ殑娣卞害瀛︿範妗嗘灦涔嬩竴锛屽畠浣跨敤鍩轰簬纾佸甫鐨勮嚜鍔ㄦ搴︾郴缁?rt class="mq-27">tape-based autograd system锛屼互蹇€熷拰鐏垫椿鐨勬柟寮忔瀯寤哄姩鎬佺缁忕綉缁溿€?/p>

鍦ㄨ繖绡囨枃绔犱腑锛屾垜浠皢 PyTorch 涓?TensorFlow 杩涜涓嶅悓鏂归潰鐨勬瘮杈冦€?/p>

璁╂垜浠紑濮嬪惂锛?/p>

浠€涔堢紪绋嬭瑷€鏀寔 PyTorch 鍜?TensorFlow锛?/p>

铏界劧涓昏鏄敤 C++ 鍜?CUDA 缂栧啓鐨勶紝浣?TensorFlow 鍖呭惈涓€涓綅浜庢牳蹇冨紩鎿庝笂鐨?Python API锛屼娇寰楁洿渚夸簬琚?ruby class="mq-32">Python 鏀寔鑰?rt class="mq-33">Pythonistas浣跨敤銆?闄や簡 Python锛屽畠杩樺寘鎷?C++銆丠askell銆丣ava銆丟o 鍜?Rust 绛夊叾浠?API锛岃繖鎰忓懗鐫€寮€鍙戜汉鍛樺彲浠ョ敤浠栦滑鐨勯閫夎瑷€杩涜缂栫爜銆?/p>

铏界劧 PyTorch 鏄竴涓?Python 杞欢鍖咃紝浣嗕綘涔熷彲浠ユ彁渚涗娇鐢ㄥ熀鏈殑 C/C++ 璇█鐨?API 杩涜缂栫爜銆?濡傛灉浣犱範鎯娇鐢?Lua 缂栫▼璇█锛屼綘涔熷彲浠ヤ娇鐢?Torch API 鍦?PyTorch 涓紪鍐欑缁忕綉缁滄ā鍨嬨€?/p>

PyTorch 鍜?TensorFlow 鏈夊涔堟槗浜庝娇鐢紵

濡傛灉灏?TensorFlow 浣滀负涓€涓嫭绔嬬殑妗嗘灦浣跨敤锛屽畠鍙兘浼氭湁鐐瑰鏉傦紝骞朵笖浼氱粰娣卞害瀛︿範妯″瀷鐨勮缁冨甫鏉ヤ竴浜涘洶闅俱€?涓轰簡鍑忓皯杩欑澶嶆潅鎬э紝鍙互浣跨敤浣嶄簬 TensorFlow 澶嶆潅寮曟搸涔嬩笂鐨?Keras 灏佽锛屼互绠€鍖栨繁搴﹀涔犳ā鍨嬬殑寮€鍙戝拰璁粌銆?TensorFlow 涔熸敮鎸?PyTorch 鐩墠娌℃湁鐨?span class="mq-37">鍒嗗竷寮忓煿璁?/span>[4]銆?鐢变簬鍖呭惈 Python API锛孴ensorFlow 涔熷彲浠ュ湪鐢熶骇鐜涓娇鐢紝鍗冲彲鐢ㄤ簬鍩硅缁冨拰閮ㄧ讲浼佷笟绾ф繁搴﹀涔犳ā鍨嬨€?/p>

PyTorch 鐢变簬 Torch 鐨勫鏉傜敤 Python 閲嶅啓銆?杩欎娇寰?PyTorch 瀵逛簬寮€鍙戜汉鍛樻洿涓哄師鐢熴€?瀹冩湁涓€涓槗浜庝娇鐢ㄧ殑妗嗘灦锛屾彁渚涙渶澶у寲鐨勭伒娲诲拰閫熷害銆?瀹冭繕鍏佽鍦ㄨ缁冭繃绋嬩腑蹇€熸洿鏀逛唬鐮佽€屼笉濡ㄧ鍏舵€ц兘銆?濡傛灉浣犲凡缁忔湁浜嗕竴浜涙繁搴﹀涔犵殑缁忛獙锛屽苟涓斾互鍓嶄娇鐢ㄨ繃 Torch锛岄偅涔堝熀浜庡畠鐨勯€熷害銆佹晥鐜囧拰鏄撶敤鎬э紝浣犱細鏇村枩娆?PyTorch銆?PyTorch 鍖呭惈瀹氬埗鐨?GPU 鍒嗛厤鍣紝杩欎娇寰楁繁搴﹀涔犳ā鍨嬪叿鏈夋洿楂樼殑鍐呭瓨鏁堢巼銆?鐢辨锛岃缁冨ぇ鍨嬫繁搴﹀涔犳ā鍨嬪彉寰楁洿瀹规槗銆?鍥犳锛孭ytorch 鍦?Facebook銆乀witter銆丼alesforce 绛夊ぇ鍨嬬粍缁囧箍鍙楁杩庛€?/p>

鐢?PyTorch 鍜?TensorFlow 璁粌娣卞害瀛︿範妯″瀷

PyTorch 鍜?TensorFlow 閮藉彲浠ョ敤鏉ュ缓绔嬪拰璁粌绁炵粡缃戠粶妯″瀷銆?/p>

TensorFlow 宸ヤ綔浜?SCG锛堥潤鎬佽绠楀浘锛変笂锛屽寘鎷湪妯″瀷寮€濮嬫墽琛屼箣鍓嶅畾涔夐潤鎬佸浘銆?浣嗘槸锛屼竴鏃﹀紑濮嬫墽琛岋紝鍦ㄦā鍨嬪唴鐨勮皟鏁存洿鏀圭殑鍞竴鏂规硶鏄娇鐢?nbsp;tf.session and tf.placeholder tensors[5]銆?/p>

PyTorch 闈炲父閫傚悎璁粌 RNN锛堥€掑綊绁炵粡缃戠粶锛夛紝鍥犱负瀹冧滑鍦?nbsp;PyTorch[6] 涓瘮鍦?TensorFlow 涓繍琛屽緱鏇村揩銆?瀹冮€傜敤浜?DCG锛堝姩鎬佽绠楀浘锛夛紝鍙互闅忔椂鍦ㄦā鍨嬩腑瀹氫箟鍜屾洿鏀广€?鍦?DCG 涓紝姣忎釜妯″潡鍙互鍗曠嫭璋冭瘯锛岃繖浣垮緱绁炵粡缃戠粶鐨勮缁冩洿绠€鍗曘€?/p>

TensorFlow 鏈€杩戞彁鍑轰簡 TensorFlow Fold锛岃繖鏄竴涓棬鍦ㄥ垱寤?TensorFlow 妯″瀷鐨勫簱锛岀敤浜庡鐞嗙粨鏋勫寲鏁版嵁銆?鍍?PyTorch 涓€鏍凤紝瀹冨疄鐜颁簡 DCG锛屽湪 CPU 涓婃彁渚涢珮杈?10 鍊嶇殑璁＄畻閫熷害锛屽湪 GPU 涓婃彁渚涜秴杩?100 鍊嶇殑璁＄畻閫熷害锛?鍦?nbsp;Dynamic Batching[7] 鐨勫府鍔╀笅锛屼綘鐜板湪鍙互鎵ц灏哄鍜岀粨鏋勯兘涓嶇浉鍚岀殑娣卞害瀛︿範妯″瀷銆?/p>

GPU 鍜?CPU 浼樺寲鐨勬瘮杈?/p>

TensorFlow 鐨勭紪璇戞椂闂存瘮 PyTorch 鐭紝涓烘瀯寤虹湡瀹炰笘鐣岀殑搴旂敤绋嬪簭鎻愪緵浜嗙伒娲绘€с€?瀹冨彲浠ヤ粠 CPU銆丟PU銆乀PU銆佺Щ鍔ㄨ澶囧埌 Raspberry Pi锛堢墿鑱旂綉璁惧锛夌瓑鍚勭澶勭悊鍣ㄤ笂杩愯銆?/p>

鍙︿竴鏂归潰锛孭yTorch 鍖呮嫭寮犻噺tensor璁＄畻锛屽彲浠ヤ娇鐢?GPU 灏嗘繁搴︾缁忕綉缁滄ā鍨嬪姞閫熷埌 50 鍊嶆垨鏇村[8]銆?杩欎簺寮犻噺鍙互鍋滅暀鍦?CPU 鎴?GPU 涓娿€?CPU 鍜?GPU 閮芥槸鐙珛鐨勫簱锛?鏃犺绁炵粡缃戠粶澶у皬濡備綍锛孭yTorch 閮藉彲浠ラ珮鏁堝湴鍒╃敤銆?/p>

绀惧尯鏀寔

TensorFlow 鏄綋浠婃渶娴佽鐨勬繁搴﹀涔犳鏋朵箣涓€锛岀敱姝や篃缁欏畠甯︽潵浜嗗簽澶х殑绀惧尯鏀寔銆?瀹冩湁寰堝ソ鐨勬枃妗ｅ拰涓€濂楄缁嗙殑鍦ㄧ嚎鏁欑▼銆?TensorFlow 杩樺寘鎷澶氶鍏堣缁冭繃鐨勬ā鍨嬶紝杩欎簺妯″瀷鎵樼鍜屾彁渚涗簬 GitHub[9]銆?杩欎簺妯″瀷鎻愪緵缁欑儹琛蜂簬浣跨敤 TensorFlow 寮€鍙戣€呭拰鐮旂┒浜哄憳涓€浜涚幇鎴愮殑鏉愭枡鏉ヨ妭鐪佷粬浠殑鏃堕棿鍜岀簿鍔涖€?/p>

鍙︿竴鏂归潰锛孭yTorch 鐨勭ぞ鍖虹浉瀵硅緝灏忥紝鍥犱负瀹冩渶杩戞墠鍙戝睍璧锋潵銆?涓?TensorFlow 鐩告瘮锛屾枃妗ｅ苟涓嶆槸寰堝ソ锛屼唬鐮佷篃涓嶆槸寰堝鏄撹幏寰椼€?鐒惰€岋紝PyTorch 纭疄鍏佽涓汉涓庝粬浜哄垎浜粬浠殑棰勮缁冩ā鍨嬨€?/p>

PyTorch 鍜?TensorFlow 鈥斺€?鍔涢噺鎮畩鐨勬晠浜?/p>

灏辩洰鍓嶈€岃█锛岀敱浜庡悇绉嶅師鍥狅紝TensorFlow 鏄剧劧姣?PyTorch 鏇村彈闈掔潗銆?/p>

TensorFlow 寰堝ぇ锛岀粡楠屼赴瀵岋紝鏈€閫傚悎瀹為檯搴旂敤銆?鏄ぇ澶氭暟鏈哄櫒瀛︿範鍜屾繁搴﹀涔犱笓瀹舵槑鏄剧殑閫夋嫨锛屽洜涓哄畠鎻愪緵浜嗗ぇ閲忕殑鍔熻兘锛屾渶閲嶈鐨勬槸瀹冨湪甯傚満涓婄殑鎴愮啛搴旂敤銆?瀹冨叿鏈夋洿濂界殑绀惧尯鏀寔浠ュ強澶氳瑷€ API 鍙敤銆?瀹冩湁涓€涓緢濂界殑鏂囨。搴擄紝鐢变簬浠庡噯澶囧埌浣跨敤鐨勪唬鐮佷娇涔嬫槗浜庣敓浜с€?鍥犳锛屽畠鏇撮€傚悎鎯宠寮€濮嬫繁搴﹀涔犵殑浜猴紝鎴栬€呭笇鏈涘紑鍙戞繁搴﹀涔犳ā鍨嬬殑缁勭粐銆?/p>

铏界劧 PyTorch 鐩稿杈冩柊锛岀ぞ鍖鸿緝灏忥紝浣嗗畠閫熷害蹇紝鏁堢巼楂樸€?鎬讳箣锛屽畠缁欎綘鎵€鏈夌殑浼樺娍鍦ㄤ簬 Python 鐨勬湁鐢ㄦ€у拰鏄撶敤鎬с€?鐢变簬鍏舵晥鐜囧拰閫熷害锛屽浜庡熀浜庣爺绌剁殑灏忓瀷椤圭洰鏉ヨ锛岃繖鏄竴涓緢濂界殑閫夋嫨銆?濡傚墠鎵€杩帮紝Facebook銆乀witter 绛夊叕鍙告鍦ㄤ娇鐢?PyTorch 鏉ヨ缁冩繁搴﹀涔犳ā鍨嬨€?浣嗘槸锛屼娇鐢ㄥ畠灏氭湭鎴愪负涓绘祦銆?PyTorch 鐨勬綔鍔涙槸鏄捐€屾槗瑙佺殑锛屼絾瀹冭繕娌℃湁鍑嗗濂藉幓鎸戞垬杩欎釜 TensorFlow 閲庡吔銆?鐒惰€岋紝鑰冭檻鍒板畠鐨勫闀匡紝PyTorch 杩涗竴姝ヤ紭鍖栧苟鎻愪緵鏇村鍔熻兘鐨勬棩瀛愬苟涓嶉仴杩滐紝鐩村埌涓?TensorFlow鍙互 姣旇緝銆?/p>

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via: https://datahub.packtpub.com/deep-learning/dl-wars-pytorch-vs-tensorflow/

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