mysql及mariadb常用命令一览

Posted 2021-05-01 运维平台分享

安装数据库

yum install mariadb-server mariadb -y

卸载数据库

 yum remove mariadb-server mariadb -y

启动mariadb

systemctl start mariadb

停止MariaDB

systemctl stop mariadb

重启MariaDB

systemctl restart mariadb

设置开机启动

systemctl enable mariadb

初始化数据库设置及各个选项翻译

[root@VM_0_7_centos ~]# mysql_secure_installation In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the currentpassword for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, andyou haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,so you should just press enter here.为了登录MariaDB以保护它，我们需要当前的root用户的密码。如果你刚刚安装了MariaDB，那么你还没有设置root密码，密码是空白的，所以你应该在这里按Enter键。

Enter current password for root (enter for none): enter输入root的当前密码（enter for none）：enter

Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDBroot user without the proper authorisation.设置root密码可确保任何人都无法登录MariaDB没有适当授权的root用户。

Set root password? [Y/n] y设置root密码？ [是/否] y

New password: Lzk0.001Re-enter new password: Lzk0.001新密码：Lzk0.001重新输入新密码：Lzk0.001

Password updated successfully!Reloading privilege tables.. ... Success!密码更新成功！重新加载权限表.. ......成功！

By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyoneto log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created forthem. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installationgo a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into aproduction environment.默认情况下，MariaDB安装具有匿名用户，允许任何人无需创建用户帐户即可登录MariaDB他们。这仅用于测试和进行安装走得更顺一点你应该在进入之前删除它们生产环境。

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y删除匿名用户？ [是/否] Y.

 ... Success! ......成功！

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. Thisensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.通常，只允许root用户从'localhost'连接。这个确保有人无法猜测来自网络的root密码。

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] Y ... Success!禁止远程登录？ [是/否] Y. ......成功！

By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone canaccess. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removedbefore moving into a production environment.默认情况下，MariaDB附带一个名为“test”的数据库，任何人都可以访问。这也仅用于测试，应该删除在进入生产环境之前。

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] Y - Dropping test database... ... Success! - Removing privileges on test database... ... Success!删除测试数据库并访问它？ [是/否] Y. - 删除测试数据库...... ......成功！ - 删除测试数据库的权限... ......成功！

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so farwill take effect immediately.重新加载权限表将确保到目前为止所做的所有更改将立即生效。

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y ... Success!现在重新加载权限表？ [是/否] Y. ......成功！

Cleaning up...打扫干净...

All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDBinstallation should now be secure.全部完成！如果您已完成上述所有步骤，请使用MariaDB安装现在应该是安全的。

Thanks for using MariaDB!感谢您使用MariaDB！

登陆数据库

[root@VM_0_7_centos ~]# mysql -u root -pEnter password: 之前设置的密码Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.Your MariaDB connection id is 10Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

退出数据库

MariaDB [(none)]> exitBye

创建数据库

MariaDB [(none)]> create DATABASE websql;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

查看数据库列表

MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;+--------------------+| Database |+--------------------+| information_schema || mysql || performance_schema || websql |+--------------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

连接指定数据库

MariaDB [(none)]> use websql;Database changedMariaDB [websql]> 

删除数据库

MariaDB [(none)]> drop database websql;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

创建数据表

CREATE TABLE table_name (column_name column_type);

查看当前库下数据表

MariaDB [mysql]> show tables;+---------------------------+| Tables_in_mysql |+---------------------------+| columns_priv || db || event || func || general_log || help_category || help_keyword || help_relation || help_topic || host || ndb_binlog_index || plugin || proc || procs_priv || proxies_priv || servers || slow_log || tables_priv || time_zone || time_zone_leap_second || time_zone_name || time_zone_transition || time_zone_transition_type || user |+---------------------------+24 rows in set (0.00 sec)

删除数据表

DROP TABLE table_name ;

添加数据

INSERT INTO table_name ( field1, field2,...fieldN )VALUES( value1, value2,...valueN );

更新数据

UPDATE table_name SET field1=new-value1, field2=new-value2 [WHERE Clause];

删除数据

DELETE FROM table_name [WHERE Clause];

查询数据

SELECT column_name,column_name FROM table_name [WHERE Clause] [LIMIT N] [OFFSET M];

备份数据库

 mysqldump --database DBname -uroot -p > DBname.sql 

还原数据库

 mysql --database websql -uroot -p < websql.sql