Hive3.1.2安装指南

Posted 2022-12-19 CHILDE Ley

安装Hive3.1.2

1. 下载并解压Hive安装包

sudo tar -zxvf ./Downloads/apache-hive-3.1.2-bin.tar.gz -C /usr/local   # 解压到/usr/local中
cd /usr/local/
sudo mv apache-hive-3.1.2-bin hive       # 将文件夹名改为hive
sudo chown -R hadoop:hadoop hive            # 修改文件权限

2. 配置环境变量
   使用vim编辑器打开.bashrc文件

vim ~/.bashrc

在该文件最前面一行添加如下内容：

export HIVE_HOME=/usr/local/hive
export PATH=$PATH:$HIVE_HOME/bin
export HADOOP_HOME=/usr/local/hadoop

运行如下命令使配置立即生效：

source ~/.bashrc

3. 修改/usr/local/hive/conf下的hive-site.xml
   将hive-default.xml.template重命名为hive-default.xml

cd /usr/local/hive/conf
mv hive-default.xml.template hive-default.xml

用vim编辑器新建一个配置文件hive-site.xml

vim hive-site.xml

在hive-site.xml中添加如下配置信息

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>
<configuration>
  <property>
    <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>
    <value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hive?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true</value>
    <description>JDBC connect string for a JDBC metastore</description>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>
    <value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>
    <description>Driver class name for a JDBC metastore</description>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>
    <value>hive</value>
    <description>username to use against metastore database</description>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>
    <value>hive</value>
    <description>password to use against metastore database</description>
  </property>
</configuration>

安装并配置mysql

1. 安装mysql
   更新软件源，安装
   
   
   

注意：此处遗漏jdbc包下载，导致后面报错
2. 启动和关闭mysql服务器：

mysql节点处于LISTEN状态表示启动成功

3. 登陆mysql shell
   

4. 新建hive数据库

create database hive;

5. 配置mysql允许hive接入

grant all on *.* to hive@localhost identified by 'hive';
flush privileges;

quit退出shell模式

关闭mysql服务器

service mysql stop

6. 启动hive
   先启动hadoop集群

cd /usr/local/hadoop #进入Hadoop安装目录
./sbin/start-dfs.sh
cd /usr/local/hive
./bin/hive

Exception in thread “main” java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkArgument(ZLjava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/Object;)V
at org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration.set(Configuration.java:1357)
at org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration.set(Configuration.java:1338)
at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobConf.setJar(JobConf.java:518)
at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobConf.setJarByClass(JobConf.java:536)
at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobConf.(JobConf.java:430)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.conf.HiveConf.initialize(HiveConf.java:5141)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.conf.HiveConf.(HiveConf.java:5099)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.common.LogUtils.initHiveLog4jCommon(LogUtils.java:97)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.common.LogUtils.initHiveLog4j(LogUtils.java:81)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.run(CliDriver.java:699)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.main(CliDriver.java:683)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.run(RunJar.java:318)
at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.main(RunJar.java:232)

报错：java.lang.NoSuchMethodError:
com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkArgument
原因：com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkArgument 这是因为hive内依赖的guava.jar和hadoop内的版本不一致造成的。

解决：
查看hadoop和hive中的guava.jar版本


hive中的版本较低，删掉

rm -rf guava-19.0.jar

并拷贝高版本的

此后，hive按理说不会因guava版本冲突而报错，可正常运行

猜测是缺少jdbc驱动
下载mysql-connector-java驱动，复制到lib中

又报新错

org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaException: Failed to get schema version.
Underlying cause: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.exceptions.CommunicationsException : Communications link failure
The last packet sent successfully to the server was 0 milliseconds ago. The driver has not received any packets from the server.
SQL Error code: 0
Use --verbose for detailed stacktrace.
*** schemaTool failed ***

网上找的方法都解决不了
重装一遍，可以运行了

小结：关键在于jbsc驱动的配置

Hive的常用HiveQL操作

a.基本数据类型
TINYINT: 1个字节
SMALLINT: 2个字节
INT: 4个字节
BIGINT: 8个字节
BOOLEAN: TRUE/FALSE
FLOAT: 4个字节，单精度浮点型
DOUBLE: 8个字节，双精度浮点型STRING 字符串

b.复杂数据类型
ARRAY: 有序字段
MAP: 无序字段
STRUCT: 一组命名的字段

1. 创建、修改和删除数据库

create database if not exists hive;       #创建数据库
show databases;                           #查看Hive中包含数据库
show databases like 'h.*';                #查看Hive中以h开头数据库
describe databases;                       #查看hive数据库位置等信息
alter database hive set dbproperties;     #为hive设置键值对属性
use hive;                                 #切换到hive数据库下
drop database if exists hive;             #删除不含表的数据库
drop database if exists hive cascade;     #删除数据库和它中的表

2. 创建、修改和删除表

#创建内部表（管理表）
create table if not exists hive.usr(
      name string comment 'username',
      pwd string comment 'password',
      address struct<street:string,city:string,state:string,zip:int>,
      comment  'home address',
      identify map<int,tinyint> comment 'number,sex') 
      comment 'description of the table'  
     tblproperties('creator'='me','time'='2016.1.1'); 
#创建外部表
create external table if not exists usr2(
      name string,
      pwd string,
  address struct<street:string,city:string,state:string,zip:int>,
      identify map<int,tinyint>) 
      row format delimited fields terminated by ','
     location '/usr/local/hive/warehouse/hive.db/usr'; 
#创建分区表
create table if not exists usr3(
      name string,
      pwd string,
      address struct<street:string,city:string,state:string,zip:int>,
      identify map<int,tinyint>) 
      partitioned by(city string,state string);    
#复制usr表的表模式  
create table if not exists hive.usr1 like hive.usr;
 
show tables in hive;  
show tables 'u.*';        #查看hive中以u开头的表
describe hive.usr;        #查看usr表相关信息
alter table usr rename to custom;      #重命名表
 
#为表增加一个分区
alter table usr2 add if not exists 
     partition(city=”beijing”,state=”China”) 
     location '/usr/local/hive/warehouse/usr2/China/beijing'; 
#修改分区路径
alter table usr2 partition(city=”beijing”,state=”China”)
     set location '/usr/local/hive/warehouse/usr2/CH/beijing';
#删除分区
alter table usr2 drop if exists  partition(city=”beijing”,state=”China”)
#修改列信息
alter table usr change column pwd password string after address;
 
alter table usr add columns(hobby string);                  #增加列
alter table usr replace columns(uname string);              #删除替换列
alter table usr set tblproperties('creator'='liming');      #修改表属性
alter table usr2 partition(city=”beijing”,state=”China”)    #修改存储属性
set fileformat sequencefile;             
use hive;                                                   #切换到hive数据库下
drop table if exists usr1;                                  #删除表
drop database if exists hive cascade;                       #删除数据库和它中的表

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