Android 折线图绘制

Posted 2022-12-11 单灿灿

项目需要一个折线图，又不想引入那个MPAndroidChart和HelloCharts框架，看了看他们的原理和微信推荐的内容，修改整理出了下面的内容。
在此感谢原作者。

我们大致要实现的形式如下：

在看这篇文章之前，首先建议去看我的上一篇文章
Android PathEffect 自定义折线图必备

看完之后，让我们进入正题：

自定义View四步骤走起；

还是我们自定View的那几个步骤：

• 1、自定义View的属性
• 2、在View的构造方法中获得我们自定义的属性
• [ 3、重写onMesure ]
• 4、重写onDraw
• 5、重写onTouchEvent（如果你需要这个控件对手是操作进行特殊的处理）

1,在attrs里面进行声明

   <!--这里为什么抽出去来？因为假如有两个textSize分别在不同的自定义view下，构建的时候会报错，抽取出来重复利用-->
    <attr name="textSize" format="dimension|reference"/>
    <attr name="textColor" format="color"/>


    <declare-styleable name="ChartView">
        <attr name="max_score" format="integer"/>
        <attr name="min_score" format="integer"/>
        <attr name="broken_line_color" format="color"/>
        <attr name="textColor"/>
        <attr name="textSize"/>
        <attr name="dottedlineColor" format="color"/>
    </declare-styleable>

2、在View的构造方法中获得我们自定义的属性

  TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.ChartView);
        maxScore = a.getInt(R.styleable.ChartView_max_score, 800);
        minScore = a.getInt(R.styleable.ChartView_min_score, 600);
        brokenLineColor = a.getColor(R.styleable.ChartView_broken_line_color, brokenLineColor);
        textNormalColor = a.getColor(R.styleable.ChartView_textColor, textNormalColor);
        textSize = a.getDimensionPixelSize(R.styleable.ChartView_textSize, (int) TypedValue.applyDimension(TypedValue.COMPLEX_UNIT_SP,
                15, getResources().getDisplayMetrics()));
        straightLineColor = a.getColor(R.styleable.ChartView_dottedlineColor, straightLineColor);

        a.recycle();

在View的构造方法中获得我们自定义的属性后，我们要对Paint，Path进行初始化：

 //初始化path以及Paint
        brokenPath = new Path();

        brokenPaint = new Paint();
        brokenPaint.setAntiAlias(true);
        brokenPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE);
        brokenPaint.setStrokeWidth(dipToPx(brokenLineWith));
        brokenPaint.setStrokeCap(Paint.Cap.ROUND);

        straightPaint = new Paint();
        straightPaint.setAntiAlias(true);
        straightPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE);
        straightPaint.setStrokeWidth(brokenLineWith);
        straightPaint.setColor((straightLineColor));
        straightPaint.setStrokeCap(Paint.Cap.ROUND);

        dottedPaint = new Paint();
        dottedPaint.setAntiAlias(true);
        dottedPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE);
        dottedPaint.setStrokeWidth(brokenLineWith);
        dottedPaint.setColor((straightLineColor));
        dottedPaint.setStrokeCap(Paint.Cap.ROUND);

        textPaint = new Paint();
        textPaint.setAntiAlias(true);
        textPaint.setTextAlign(Paint.Align.CENTER);
        textPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL);
        textPaint.setColor((textNormalColor));
        textPaint.setTextSize(textSize);

3、重写onMesure(此View不需要我们去计算，但我们可以重写onSizeChanged进行一些宽高确定，数据的获取等等)

由于onSizeChanged方法在构造方法、onMeasure之后，又在onDraw之前，此时已经完成全局变量初始化，也得到了控件的宽高，所以可以在这个方法中确定一些与宽高有关的数值。

比如这个View的半径啊、padding值等，方便绘制的时候计算大小和位置：

View的坐标轴及获取方法如图：

下面是onSizeChanged方法：

  @Override
    protected void onSizeChanged(int w, int h, int oldw, int oldh) 
        super.onSizeChanged(w, h, oldw, oldh);
        viewWith = w;
        viewHeight = h;
        initData();
    


    //初始化数据，这里将数据转换成point点集合，在ondraw的时候取出来画好，连接
    private void initData() 
        scorePoints = new ArrayList<Point>();
        float maxScoreYCoordinate = viewHeight * 0.1f;
        float minScoreYCoordinate = viewHeight * 0.6f;

        Log.v(TAG, "initData: " + maxScoreYCoordinate);

        float newWith = viewWith - (viewWith * 0.15f) * 2;//分隔线距离最左边和最右边的距离是0.15倍的viewWith
        int coordinateX;

        for (int i = 0; i < score.length; i++) 
            Log.v(TAG, "initData: " + score[i]);
            Point point = new Point();
            coordinateX = (int) (newWith * ((float) (i) / (monthCount - 1)) + (viewWith * 0.15f));//确定point的X坐标
            point.x = coordinateX;
            if (score[i] > maxScore) 
                score[i] = maxScore;
             else if (score[i] < minScore) 
                score[i] = minScore;
            
            point.y = (int) (((float) (maxScore - score[i]) / (maxScore - minScore)) * (minScoreYCoordinate - maxScoreYCoordinate) + maxScoreYCoordinate);确定point的Y坐标
            scorePoints.add(point);
        
    

4、重写onDraw(一般来说展现出view的形态最复杂的地方)

onDraw方法如下

    @Override
    protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) 
        super.onDraw(canvas);
        drawDottedLine(canvas, viewWith * 0.15f, viewHeight * 0.1f, viewWith, viewHeight * 0.1f);//上面一条虚线的画法，不懂看坐标系那一张图
        drawDottedLine(canvas, viewWith * 0.15f, viewHeight * 0.6f, viewWith, viewHeight * 0.6f);//下面一条虚线的画法
        drawText(canvas);//绘制文字，minScore，maxScore
        drawMonthLine(canvas);//月份的线及坐标点
        drawBrokenLine(canvas);//绘制折线，就是画点，moveto连接
        drawPoint(canvas);//绘制穿过折线的点
    

下面，让我们来一步步对其进行分解：

• 1,画两条虚线

    /**
     * @param canvas 画布
     * @param startX 起始点X坐标
     * @param startY 起始点Y坐标
     * @param stopX  终点X坐标
     * @param stopY  终点Y坐标
     */


    private void drawDottedLine(Canvas canvas, float startX, float startY, float stopX,
                                float stopY) 

        dottedPaint.setPathEffect(new DashPathEffect(new float[]20, 10, 4));//DashPathEffect如果不理解，看我上一篇文章
        dottedPaint.setStrokeWidth(1);
        // 实例化路径
        Path mPath = new Path();
        mPath.reset();
        // 定义路径的起点
        mPath.moveTo(startX, startY);
        mPath.lineTo(stopX, stopY);
        canvas.drawPath(mPath, dottedPaint);

    

• 2,绘制文字，minScore，maxScore等等

 /**
     * @param canvas
     * */
    private void drawText(Canvas canvas) 

        textPaint.setTextSize(textSize);//默认字体15
        textPaint.setColor(textNormalColor);

        canvas.drawText(String.valueOf(maxScore), viewWith * 0.1f - dipToPx(10), viewHeight * 0.1f + textSize * 0.25f, textPaint);
        canvas.drawText(String.valueOf(minScore), viewWith * 0.1f - dipToPx(10), viewHeight * 0.6f + textSize * 0.25f, textPaint);

        textPaint.setColor(0xff7c7c7c);

        float newWith = viewWith - (viewWith * 0.15f) * 2;//分隔线距离最左边和最右边的距离是0.15倍的viewWith
        float coordinateX;//分隔线X坐标
        textPaint.setTextSize(textSize);
        textPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL);
        textPaint.setColor(textNormalColor);
        textSize = (int) textPaint.getTextSize();
        for (int i = 0; i < monthText.length; i++) //这里是绘制月份，从数组中取出来，一个个的写
            coordinateX = newWith * ((float) (i) / (monthCount - 1)) + (viewWith * 0.15f);

            if (i == selectMonth - 1)//被选中的月份要单独画出来多几个圈圈
            

                textPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE);
                textPaint.setColor(brokenLineColor);
                RectF r2 = new RectF();
                r2.left = coordinateX - textSize - dipToPx(4);
                r2.top = viewHeight * 0.7f + dipToPx(4) + textSize / 2;
                r2.right = coordinateX + textSize + dipToPx(4);
                r2.bottom = viewHeight * 0.7f + dipToPx(4) + textSize + dipToPx(8);
                canvas.drawRoundRect(r2, 10, 10, textPaint);

            
            //绘制月份
            canvas.drawText(monthText[i], coordinateX, viewHeight * 0.7f + dipToPx(4) + textSize + dipToPx(5), textPaint);//不是就正常的画出

            textPaint.setColor(textNormalColor);

        


    

• 3,月份的坐标轴线及坐标点的绘制

    //绘制月份的直线(包括刻度)
    private void drawMonthLine(Canvas canvas) 

        straightPaint.setStrokeWidth(dipToPx(1));
        canvas.drawLine(0, viewHeight * 0.7f, viewWith, viewHeight * 0.7f, straightPaint);

        float newWith = viewWith - (viewWith * 0.15f) * 2;//分隔线距离最左边和最右边的距离是0.15倍的viewWith
        float coordinateX;//分隔线X坐标
        for (int i = 0; i < monthCount; i++) 
            coordinateX = newWith * ((float) (i) / (monthCount - 1)) + (viewWith * 0.15f);
            canvas.drawLine(coordinateX, viewHeight * 0.7f, coordinateX, viewHeight * 0.7f + dipToPx(4), straightPaint);
        //viewHeight * 0.7f + dipToPx(4)这个方法就是坐标轴上的竖杠杠，你可以修改这里来修改竖条的长度
        

    

• 4,绘制折线，就是画点，lineTo连接drawPath画出来。

//绘制折线
    private void drawBrokenLine(Canvas canvas) 
        brokenPath.reset();
        brokenPaint.setColor(brokenLineColor);
        brokenPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE);
        if (score.length == 0) 
            return;
        
        Log.v(TAG, "drawBrokenLine: " + scorePoints.get(0));
        brokenPath.moveTo(scorePoints.get(0).x, scorePoints.get(0).y);
        for (int i = 0; i < scorePoints.size(); i++) 
            brokenPath.lineTo(scorePoints.get(i).x, scorePoints.get(i).y);
        
        canvas.drawPath(brokenPath, brokenPaint);

    

• 5,绘制折线穿过的点

  protected void drawPoint(Canvas canvas) 

        if (scorePoints == null) 
            return;
        
        brokenPaint.setStrokeWidth(dipToPx(1));
        for (int i = 0; i < scorePoints.size(); i++) 
            brokenPaint.setColor(brokenLineColor);
            brokenPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE);
            canvas.drawCircle(scorePoints.get(i).x, scorePoints.get(i).y, dipToPx(3), brokenPaint);
            brokenPaint.setColor(Color.WHITE);
            brokenPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL);
            if (i == selectMonth - 1) //默认选中的才会绘制不同的点，如图
                brokenPaint.setColor(0xffd0f3f2);
                canvas.drawCircle(scorePoints.get(i).x, scorePoints.get(i).y, dipToPx(8f), brokenPaint);
                brokenPaint.setColor(0xff81dddb);
                canvas.drawCircle(scorePoints.get(i).x, scorePoints.get(i).y, dipToPx(5f), brokenPaint);

                //绘制浮动文本背景框
                drawFloatTextBackground(canvas, scorePoints.get(i).x, scorePoints.get(i).y - dipToPx(8f));

                textPaint.setColor(0xffffffff);
                //绘制浮动文字
                canvas.drawText(String.valueOf(score[i]), scorePoints.get(i).x, scorePoints.get(i).y - dipToPx(5f) - textSize, textPaint);
            
            brokenPaint.setColor(0xffffffff);
            canvas.drawCircle(scorePoints.get(i).x, scorePoints.get(i).y, dipToPx(1.5f), brokenPaint);
            brokenPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE);
            brokenPaint.setColor(brokenLineColor);
            canvas.drawCircle(scorePoints.get(i).x, scorePoints.get(i).y, dipToPx(2.5f), brokenPaint);
        
    

        //这个方法是利用path和point画出图形，并设置背景颜色
    private void drawFloatTextBackground(Canvas canvas, int x, int y) 
        brokenPath.reset();
        brokenPaint.setColor(brokenLineColor);
        brokenPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL);

        //P1
        Point point = new Point(x, y);
        brokenPath.moveTo(point.x, point.y);

        //P2
        point.x = point.x + dipToPx(5);
        point.y = point.y - dipToPx(5);
        brokenPath.lineTo(point.x, point.y);

        //P3
        point.x = point.x + dipToPx(12);
        brokenPath.lineTo(point.x, point.y);

        //P4
        point.y = point.y - dipToPx(17);
        brokenPath.lineTo(point.x, point.y);

        //P5
        point.x = point.x - dipToPx(34);
        brokenPath.lineTo(point.x, point.y);

        //P6
        point.y = point.y + dipToPx(17);
        brokenPath.lineTo(point.x, point.y);

        //P7
        point.x = point.x + dipToPx(12);
        brokenPath.lineTo(point.x, point.y);

        //最后一个点连接到第一个点
        brokenPath.lineTo(x, y);

        canvas.drawPath(brokenPath, brokenPaint);

    

5、重写onTouchEvent

需求：点击一个点上面就会出现和默认选种一样的效果，显示背景圆圈和文字。底部文字也是选中状态

 //重写ontouchevent，


    @Override
    public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) 
        this.getParent().requestDisallowInterceptTouchEvent(true);
        //一旦底层View收到touch的action后调用这个方法那么父层View就不会再调用onInterceptTouchEvent了，也无法截获以后的action，这个事件被消费了

        switch (event.getAction()) 
            case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN:
                break;
            case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE:
                break;
            case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP://触摸(ACTION_DOWN操作)，滑动(ACTION_MOVE操作)和抬起(ACTION_UP)
                onActionUpEvent(event);
                this.getParent().requestDisallowInterceptTouchEvent(false);
                break;
            case MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL:
                this.getParent().requestDisallowInterceptTouchEvent(false);
                break;
        
        return true;
    

    private void onActionUpEvent(MotionEvent event) 


        boolean isValidTouch = validateTouch(event.getX(), event.getY());//判断是否是指定的触摸区域

        if (isValidTouch) 
            invalidate();
        

    


    //是否是有效的触摸范围
    private boolean validateTouch(float x, float y) 

        //曲线触摸区域
        for (int i = 0; i < scorePoints.size(); i++) 
            // dipToPx(8)乘以2为了适当增大触摸面积
            if (x > (scorePoints.get(i).x - dipToPx(8) * 2) && x < (scorePoints.get(i).x + dipToPx(8) * 2)) 
                if (y > (scorePoints.get(i).y - dipToPx(8) * 2) && y < (scorePoints.get(i).y + dipToPx(8) * 2)) 
                    selectMonth = i + 1;
                    return true;
                
            
        
        //月份触摸区域
        //计算每个月份X坐标的中心点
        float monthTouchY = viewHeight * 0.7f - dipToPx(3);//减去dipToPx(3)增大触摸面积

        float newWith = viewWith - (viewWith * 0.15f) * 2;//分隔线距离最左边和最右边的距离是0.15倍的viewWith
        float validTouchX[] = new float[monthText.length];
        for (int i = 0; i < monthText.length; i++) 
            validTouchX[i] = newWith * ((float) (i) / (monthCount - 1)) + (viewWith * 0.15f);
        

        if (y > monthTouchY) 
            for (int i = 0; i < validTouchX.length; i++) 
                Log.v(TAG, "validateTouch: validTouchX:" + validTouchX[i]);
                if (x < validTouchX[i] + dipToPx(8) && x > validTouchX[i] - dipToPx(8)) 
                    Log.v(TAG, "validateTouch: " + (i + 1));
                    selectMonth = i + 1;
                    return true;
                
            
        

        return false;
    

整体已经完成了，总结一下大致步骤：

• 初始化View的属性
• 初始化画笔
• 绘制代表最高分和最低分的两根虚线
• 绘制文字
• 绘制代表月份的属性
• 绘制芝麻分折线
• 绘制代表芝麻分的圆点
• 绘制选中分数的悬浮文字以及背景
• 处理点击事件
• 如果你想画出多条折线图，看我上篇博客的方法即可Android PathEffect 自定义折线图必备

大家在看的时候按照这个逻辑走，很好理解自定义View的流程。

下面附上GitHub地址：