Android IntentService

Posted 2022-11-30 胖子luffy

IntentService是一个含有消息循环的Service，它是一个service，所以service相关具有的特性他都有，同时他还有一些自身的属性，其内部封装了一个消息队列和一个HandlerThread，在其具体的抽象方法：onHandleIntent方法是运行在其消息队列线。

 

 

IntentService源代码：

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2008 The android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package android.app;

import android.annotation.WorkerThread;
import android.annotation.Nullable;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.HandlerThread;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.Looper;
import android.os.Message;

/**
 * IntentService is a base class for @link Services that handle asynchronous
 * requests (expressed as @link Intents) on demand.  Clients send requests
 * through @link android.content.Context#startService(Intent) calls; the
 * service is started as needed, handles each Intent in turn using a worker
 * thread, and stops itself when it runs out of work.
 *
 * <p>This "work queue processor" pattern is commonly used to offload tasks
 * from an application's main thread.  The IntentService class exists to
 * simplify this pattern and take care of the mechanics.  To use it, extend
 * IntentService and implement @link #onHandleIntent(Intent).  IntentService
 * will receive the Intents, launch a worker thread, and stop the service as
 * appropriate.
 *
 * <p>All requests are handled on a single worker thread -- they may take as
 * long as necessary (and will not block the application's main loop), but
 * only one request will be processed at a time.
 *
 * <div class="special reference">
 * <h3>Developer Guides</h3>
 * <p>For a detailed discussion about how to create services, read the
 * <a href="@docRootguide/components/services.html">Services</a> developer
 * guide.</p>
 * </div>
 *
 * @see android.os.AsyncTask
 */
public abstract class IntentService extends Service 
    private volatile Looper mServiceLooper;
    private volatile ServiceHandler mServiceHandler;
    private String mName;
    private boolean mRedelivery;

    private final class ServiceHandler extends Handler 
        public ServiceHandler(Looper looper) 
            super(looper);
        

        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) 
            onHandleIntent((Intent)msg.obj);
            stopSelf(msg.arg1);
        
    

    /**
     * Creates an IntentService.  Invoked by your subclass's constructor.
     *
     * @param name Used to name the worker thread, important only for debugging.
     */
    public IntentService(String name) 
        super();
        mName = name;
    

    /**
     * Sets intent redelivery preferences.  Usually called from the constructor
     * with your preferred semantics.
     *
     * <p>If enabled is true,
     * @link #onStartCommand(Intent, int, int) will return
     * @link Service#START_REDELIVER_INTENT, so if this process dies before
     * @link #onHandleIntent(Intent) returns, the process will be restarted
     * and the intent redelivered.  If multiple Intents have been sent, only
     * the most recent one is guaranteed to be redelivered.
     *
     * <p>If enabled is false (the default),
     * @link #onStartCommand(Intent, int, int) will return
     * @link Service#START_NOT_STICKY, and if the process dies, the Intent
     * dies along with it.
     */
    public void setIntentRedelivery(boolean enabled) 
        mRedelivery = enabled;
    

    @Override
    public void onCreate() 
        // TODO: It would be nice to have an option to hold a partial wakelock
        // during processing, and to have a static startService(Context, Intent)
        // method that would launch the service & hand off a wakelock.

        super.onCreate();
        HandlerThread thread = new HandlerThread("IntentService[" + mName + "]");
        thread.start();

        mServiceLooper = thread.getLooper();
        mServiceHandler = new ServiceHandler(mServiceLooper);
    

    @Override
    public void onStart(@Nullable Intent intent, int startId) 
        Message msg = mServiceHandler.obtainMessage();
        msg.arg1 = startId;
        msg.obj = intent;
        mServiceHandler.sendMessage(msg);
    

    /**
     * You should not override this method for your IntentService. Instead,
     * override @link #onHandleIntent, which the system calls when the IntentService
     * receives a start request.
     * @see android.app.Service#onStartCommand
     */
    @Override
    public int onStartCommand(@Nullable Intent intent, int flags, int startId) 
        onStart(intent, startId);
        return mRedelivery ? START_REDELIVER_INTENT : START_NOT_STICKY;
    

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() 
        mServiceLooper.quit();
    

    /**
     * Unless you provide binding for your service, you don't need to implement this
     * method, because the default implementation returns null.
     * @see android.app.Service#onBind
     */
    @Override
    @Nullable
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) 
        return null;
    

    /**
     * This method is invoked on the worker thread with a request to process.
     * Only one Intent is processed at a time, but the processing happens on a
     * worker thread that runs independently from other application logic.
     * So, if this code takes a long time, it will hold up other requests to
     * the same IntentService, but it will not hold up anything else.
     * When all requests have been handled, the IntentService stops itself,
     * so you should not call @link #stopSelf.
     *
     * @param intent The value passed to @link
     *               android.content.Context#startService(Intent).
     *               This may be null if the service is being restarted after
     *               its process has gone away; see
     *               @link android.app.Service#onStartCommand
     *               for details.
     */
    @WorkerThread
    protected abstract void onHandleIntent(@Nullable Intent intent);

当启动一个intentService的时候，首先执行到onCreate()方法，代码如下：

@Override
    public void onCreate() 
        // TODO: It would be nice to have an option to hold a partial wakelock
        // during processing, and to have a static startService(Context, Intent)
        // method that would launch the service & hand off a wakelock.

        super.onCreate();
        HandlerThread thread = new HandlerThread("IntentService[" + mName + "]");
        thread.start();

        mServiceLooper = thread.getLooper();
        mServiceHandler = new ServiceHandler(mServiceLooper);
    

onCreate方法中new出来一个HandlerThread对象，HandlerThread类继承Thread，是一个含有消息队列的线程，mServiceHandler下面再说。onCreate()执行完后，执行onStartCommand()方法，

 @Override
    public int onStartCommand(@Nullable Intent intent, int flags, int startId) 
        onStart(intent, startId);
        return mRedelivery ? START_REDELIVER_INTENT : START_NOT_STICKY;
    

onStartCommand方法里调用了onStart方法，

 @Override
    public void onStart(@Nullable Intent intent, int startId) 
        Message msg = mServiceHandler.obtainMessage();
        msg.arg1 = startId;
        msg.obj = intent;
        mServiceHandler.sendMessage(msg);
    

onStart方法里用到了onCreate中的mServiceHandler,  ServiceHandler代码如下：

 private final class ServiceHandler extends Handler 
        public ServiceHandler(Looper looper) 
            super(looper);
        

        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) 
            onHandleIntent((Intent)msg.obj);
            stopSelf(msg.arg1);
        
    

当执行都onStart方法时，mServiceHandler发送一个消息，ServiceHandler类的handleMessage处理消息，这个时候已经是另外一个线程在处理了，（不清楚的可以了解下HandlerThread）会调用onHandleIntent方法，该方法是一个钩子函数，要用户自己去实现，

/**
     * This method is invoked on the worker thread with a request to process.
     * Only one Intent is processed at a time, but the processing happens on a
     * worker thread that runs independently from other application logic.
     * So, if this code takes a long time, it will hold up other requests to
     * the same IntentService, but it will not hold up anything else.
     * When all requests have been handled, the IntentService stops itself,
     * so you should not call @link #stopSelf.
     *
     * @param intent The value passed to @link
     *               android.content.Context#startService(Intent).
     *               This may be null if the service is being restarted after
     *               its process has gone away; see
     *               @link android.app.Service#onStartCommand
     *               for details.
     */
    @WorkerThread
    protected abstract void onHandleIntent(@Nullable Intent intent);

执行完onHandleIntent后，会主动stopSelf，该服务结束。

 

1. IntentService是一个service，也是一个抽象类；
2. 继承IntentService需要实现其onHandlerIntent抽象方法；
3. onHandlerIntent在子线程中执行；
4. IntentService内部保存着一个HandlerThread、Looper与Handler等成员变量，维护这自身的消息队列；
5. 每次IntentService后台任务执行完成之后都会尝试关闭自身，但是当且仅当IntentService消息队列中最后一个消息被执行完成之后才会真正的stop自身；