Android 中Activity和Intent的详解
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Activity的理解
Activity的运行状态分为
四种状态对应的生命周期流程图如下
Intent的理解如下
Intent的分类如下
IntentFilter的理解
Activity和Intent相关的API如下
Activity的Task Stack(任务栈)
特点：后进先出
Activity的LauchMode(加载模式)
具体详解看这篇文章
应用实例进行打电话与发短信，隐示意图的练习，代码如下
1、布局页面activity_intent_action.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".IntentActionActivity">
<LinearLayout
android:id="@+id/linearLayout"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="horizontal">
<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="电话号码:"
android:textSize="15sp" />
<EditText
android:id="@+id/edit_phone"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:hint="请输入电话号码"
android:textSize="15sp" />
</LinearLayout>
<LinearLayout
android:id="@+id/linearLayout_message"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_below="@id/linearLayout"
android:orientation="horizontal">
<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="短信内容:"
android:textSize="15sp" />
<EditText
android:id="@+id/edit_message"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:hint="请输入短信内容"
android:textSize="15sp" />
</LinearLayout>
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_call"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_below="@id/linearLayout_message"
android:text="打电话" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_message"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_below="@id/linearLayout_message"
android:layout_toRightOf="@id/btn_call"
android:text="发短信" />
</RelativeLayout>
2、在AndroidManifest.xml中声明打电话与发送短信的权限，这两个权限属于危险权限，还要在Java代码中动态申请。
<!-- 拨打电话的权限 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CALL_PHONE" />
<!--发送短信的权限-->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.SEND_SMS" />
3、在IntentActionActivity类中进行具体代码的实现
public class IntentActionActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener, View.OnLongClickListener
private EditText edit_phone;
private EditText edit_message;
private Button btn_call;
private Button btn_message;
private static final int CALL_PHONE_CODE = 0X11;
private static final int SEND_SMS_CODE = 0X22;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_intent_action);
edit_phone = findViewById(R.id.edit_phone);
edit_message = findViewById(R.id.edit_message);
btn_call = findViewById(R.id.btn_call);
btn_message = findViewById(R.id.btn_message);
btn_call.setOnClickListener(this);
btn_message.setOnClickListener(this);
btn_call.setOnLongClickListener(this);
btn_message.setOnLongClickListener(this);
@Override
public void onClick(View v)
switch (v.getId())
case R.id.btn_call: //点击打电话 进入拨号的界面
//1.创建一个隐式意图Intent
String action = "android.intent.action.DIAL";
// action=Intent.ACTION_DIAL;//一样的
Intent intent = new Intent(action);
//2.携带数据
String number = edit_phone.getText().toString();
// <data android:scheme="tel"/>
intent.setData(Uri.parse("tel:" + number));
startActivity(intent);
break;
case R.id.btn_message://点击发 短信进入编辑短信界面
Intent intent1 = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SENDTO);
//携带号码和内容
String numbers = edit_phone.getText().toString();
String sms = edit_message.getText().toString();
intent1.setData(Uri.parse("smsto:" + numbers));
intent1.putExtra("sms_body", sms);
startActivity(intent1);
break;
default:
break;
@Override
public boolean onLongClick(View v)
switch (v.getId())
case R.id.btn_call: //长按打电话进入打电话的界面
//请求打电话的权限并打电话
RequestPermission(CALL_PHONE_CODE);
break;
case R.id.btn_message://长按发送短信
//请求发信息的权限并 发送短信信息
RequestPermission(SEND_SMS_CODE);
break;
default:
break;
return true;
public void CallPage()
String action = "android.intent.action.CALL";
Intent intent = new Intent(action);
//2.携带数据
String number = edit_phone.getText().toString();
intent.setData(Uri.parse("tel:" + number));
startActivity(intent);
public void sendText()
//1.得到SmsManager的对象
SmsManager smsManager = SmsManager.getDefault();
//2.发送文本信息(短信)
String message = edit_message.getText().toString();
String phone = edit_phone.getText().toString();
smsManager.sendTextMessage(phone, null, message, null, null);
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults)
if (grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED)
switch (requestCode)
case CALL_PHONE_CODE:
CallPage();
break;
case SEND_SMS_CODE:
sendText();
break;
default:
break;
else
switch (requestCode)
case CALL_PHONE_CODE:
Toast.makeText(this, "打电话权限请求失败！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
break;
case SEND_SMS_CODE:
Toast.makeText(this, "发送短信权限请求失败！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
break;
default:
Toast.makeText(this, "测试！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
break;
private void RequestPermission(int code)
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M)
switch (code)
case CALL_PHONE_CODE:
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED)
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE, CALL_PHONE_CODE);
else
CallPage();
break;
case SEND_SMS_CODE:
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.SEND_SMS) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED)
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]Manifest.permission.SEND_SMS, SEND_SMS_CODE);
else
sendText();
break;
default:
break;
总结
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