从源码角度彻底分析layout_weight使用

Posted 2022-11-01 coderzdz

转载请注明出处：http://blog.csdn.net/zhaodai11?viewmode=contents

layout_weight是线性布局特有的一个属性，这个属性可以按照比例设置控件的大小。线性布局中控件layout_weight默认值为0。
你想按照比例分配界面高度时：LinearLayout 的orientation属性设置为vertical，子控件高度建议0dp

计算方式 View1高度: 1/(1+2)=1/3 View2 高度: 2/(1+2)=2/3
当时当你把高度设置为wrap_content或者match_parent时，会是什么样子呢？
当设置为wrap_content时：

看起来好像没有区别，好多人因此得出wrap_content和0dp的效果相同，但是这就说明wrap_content和0dp效果一样吗？这个放在最后面讲。
当设置为match_parent时：

当设置为match_parent时，两个控件的高度比正好和上面相反。
这就涉及到了在线性布局中LinearLayout在onMeasure方法中对layout_weight属性的处理。

@Override
    protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) 
    //判断线性布局的方向
        if (mOrientation == VERTICAL) 
            measureVertical(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
         else 
            measureHorizontal(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
        
    

其实横向和纵向的原理差不多，这里我们这分析纵向的measureVertical(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);方法。在代码中已经添加相关注释，这里就不多加说明了。

void measureVertical(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) 
        mTotalLength = 0;//所有子控件高度之和
        int maxWidth = 0;//子控件的最大宽度
        int childState = 0;子控件的测量状态
        int alternativeMaxWidth = 0; // 子控件中layout_weight<=0的View的最大宽度
        int weightedMaxWidth = 0;// 子控件中layout_weight>0的View的最大宽度
        boolean allFillParent = true;//所有子控件宽度是否全部为fillParent
        float totalWeight = 0;//子控件所有layout_weight之和

        final int count = getVirtualChildCount();//获取所有子控件的数量
        //获取宽度和高度的测量模式
        final int widthMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec);
        final int heightMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec);

        boolean matchWidth = false;
        boolean skippedMeasure = false;

        final int baselineChildIndex = mBaselineAlignedChildIndex;        
        final boolean useLargestChild = mUseLargestChild;

        int largestChildHeight = Integer.MIN_VALUE;

        // See how tall everyone is. Also remember max width.
        for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) 
            final View child = getVirtualChildAt(i);//获取对应子控件

            if (child == null) 
                mTotalLength += measureNullChild(i);
                continue;
            

            if (child.getVisibility() == View.GONE) 
               i += getChildrenSkipCount(child, i);
               continue;
            

            if (hasDividerBeforeChildAt(i)) 
                mTotalLength += mDividerHeight;
            

            LinearLayout.LayoutParams lp = (LinearLayout.LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();

            totalWeight += lp.weight;
            //判断是否需要测量子控件
            if (heightMode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY && lp.height == 0 && lp.weight > 0) 
                // Optimization: don't bother measuring children who are going to use
                // leftover space. These views will get measured again down below if
                // there is any leftover space.
                //如果LinearLayout测量规格为MeasureSpec.EXACTLY，说明，LinearLayout的高度已经确定，并不需要依赖于子控件的高度，并且子控件的高度为0，weight>0，说明子控件的高度，依赖于LinearLayout的剩余空间来计算的
                final int totalLength = mTotalLength;
                mTotalLength = Math.max(totalLength, totalLength + lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin);
                skippedMeasure = true;
             else 
            //进入说明LinearLayout高度不确定，依赖于子控件高度
                int oldHeight = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
//当LinearLayout高度不确定，子控件高度为0，weight>0，会强制设置子控件的高度计算模式为WRAP_CONTENT来配合LinearLayout高度计算。
                if (lp.height == 0 && lp.weight > 0) 
                    // heightMode is either UNSPECIFIED or AT_MOST, and this
                    // child wanted to stretch to fill available space.
                    // Translate that to WRAP_CONTENT so that it does not end up
                    // with a height of 0
                    oldHeight = 0;
                    lp.height = LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT;
                

                // Determine how big this child would like to be. If this or
                // previous children have given a weight, then we allow it to
                // use all available space (and we will shrink things later
                // if needed).
                measureChildBeforeLayout(
                       child, i, widthMeasureSpec, 0, heightMeasureSpec,
                       totalWeight == 0 ? mTotalLength : 0);

                if (oldHeight != Integer.MIN_VALUE) 
                // 测量完成之后，重新设置 LayoutParams.height
                   lp.height = oldHeight;
                

                final int childHeight = child.getMeasuredHeight();
                //重新计算子控件高度之和
                final int totalLength = mTotalLength;
                mTotalLength = Math.max(totalLength, totalLength + childHeight + lp.topMargin +
                       lp.bottomMargin + getNextLocationOffset(child));

                if (useLargestChild) 
                //比较高度，设置最大子控件高度
                    largestChildHeight = Math.max(childHeight, largestChildHeight);
                
            

            /**
             * If applicable, compute the additional offset to the child's baseline
             * we'll need later when asked @link #getBaseline.
             */
            if ((baselineChildIndex >= 0) && (baselineChildIndex == i + 1)) 
               mBaselineChildTop = mTotalLength;
            

            // if we are trying to use a child index for our baseline, the above
            // book keeping only works if there are no children above it with
            // weight.  fail fast to aid the developer.
            if (i < baselineChildIndex && lp.weight > 0) 
                throw new RuntimeException("A child of LinearLayout with index "
                        + "less than mBaselineAlignedChildIndex has weight > 0, which "
                        + "won't work.  Either remove the weight, or don't set "
                        + "mBaselineAlignedChildIndex.");
            

            boolean matchWidthLocally = false;
            if (widthMode != MeasureSpec.EXACTLY && lp.width == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) 
                // The width of the linear layout will scale, and at least one
                // child said it wanted to match our width. Set a flag
                // indicating that we need to remeasure at least that view when
                // we know our width.
                matchWidth = true;
                matchWidthLocally = true;
            

            final int margin = lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin;
            final int measuredWidth = child.getMeasuredWidth() + margin;
            maxWidth = Math.max(maxWidth, measuredWidth);
            childState = combineMeasuredStates(childState, child.getMeasuredState());

            allFillParent = allFillParent && lp.width == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT;
            if (lp.weight > 0) 
                /*
                 * Widths of weighted Views are bogus if we end up
                 * remeasuring, so keep them separate.
                 */
                weightedMaxWidth = Math.max(weightedMaxWidth,
                        matchWidthLocally ? margin : measuredWidth);
             else 
                alternativeMaxWidth = Math.max(alternativeMaxWidth,
                        matchWidthLocally ? margin : measuredWidth);
            

            i += getChildrenSkipCount(child, i);
        

        if (mTotalLength > 0 && hasDividerBeforeChildAt(count)) 
            mTotalLength += mDividerHeight;
        
// 这里是处理useLargestChild相关操作
        if (useLargestChild &&
                (heightMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST || heightMode == MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED)) 
            mTotalLength = 0;

            for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) 
                final View child = getVirtualChildAt(i);

                if (child == null) 
                    mTotalLength += measureNullChild(i);
                    continue;
                

                if (child.getVisibility() == GONE) 
                    i += getChildrenSkipCount(child, i);
                    continue;
                

                final LinearLayout.LayoutParams lp = (LinearLayout.LayoutParams)
                        child.getLayoutParams();
                // Account for negative margins
                final int totalLength = mTotalLength;
                mTotalLength = Math.max(totalLength, totalLength + largestChildHeight +
                        lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin + getNextLocationOffset(child));
            
        

        // Add in our padding
        mTotalLength += mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom;

        int heightSize = mTotalLength;

        // Check against our minimum height
        heightSize = Math.max(heightSize, getSuggestedMinimumHeight());

        // Reconcile our calculated size with the heightMeasureSpec
        int heightSizeAndState = resolveSizeAndState(heightSize, heightMeasureSpec, 0);
        heightSize = heightSizeAndState & MEASURED_SIZE_MASK;

        // Either expand children with weight to take up available space or
        // shrink them if they extend beyond our current bounds. If we skipped
        // measurement on any children, we need to measure them now.
        int delta = heightSize - mTotalLength;//计算剩余高度
        if (skippedMeasure || delta != 0 && totalWeight > 0.0f) 
        // 限定weight总和范围，假如我们给过weighSum范围，那么子控件的weight总和受此影响
            float weightSum = mWeightSum > 0.0f ? mWeightSum : totalWeight;

            mTotalLength = 0;

            for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) 
                final View child = getVirtualChildAt(i);
                //判断如果子控件不可见 跳过
                if (child.getVisibility() == View.GONE) 
                    continue;
                

                LinearLayout.LayoutParams lp = (LinearLayout.LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();

                float childExtra = lp.weight;
                if (childExtra > 0) 
                    // Child said it could absorb extra space -- give him his share
                    // 计算 weight 属性分配的大小，可能为负值
                    int share = (int) (childExtra * delta / weightSum);
                    weightSum -= childExtra;
                    delta -= share;

                    final int childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(widthMeasureSpec,
                            mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight +
                                    lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin, lp.width);

                    // TODO: Use a field like lp.isMeasured to figure out if this
                    // child has been previously measured
                    //注意  子控件高度计算
                    if ((lp.height != 0) || (heightMode != MeasureSpec.EXACTLY)) 
                        // child was measured once already above...
                        // base new measurement on stored values
                        //子控件高度子控件真是高度为weight分配后的高度+本身高度
                        int childHeight = child.getMeasuredHeight() + share;
                        if (childHeight < 0) 
                            childHeight = 0;
                        

                        child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec,
                                MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(childHeight, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY));
                     else 
                        // child was skipped in the loop above.
                        // Measure for this first time here      
                        child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec,
                                MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(share > 0 ? share : 0,
                                        MeasureSpec.EXACTLY));
                    

                    // Child may now not fit in vertical dimension.
                    childState = combineMeasuredStates(childState, child.getMeasuredState()
                            & (MEASURED_STATE_MASK>>MEASURED_HEIGHT_STATE_SHIFT));
                

                final int margin =  lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin;
                final int measuredWidth = child.getMeasuredWidth() + margin;
                maxWidth = Math.max(maxWidth, measuredWidth);

                boolean matchWidthLocally = widthMode != MeasureSpec.EXACTLY &&
                        lp.width == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT;

                alternativeMaxWidth = Math.max(alternativeMaxWidth,
                        matchWidthLocally ? margin : measuredWidth);

                allFillParent = allFillParent && lp.width == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT;

                final int totalLength = mTotalLength;
                mTotalLength = Math.max(totalLength, totalLength + child.getMeasuredHeight() +
                        lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin + getNextLocationOffset(child));
            

            // Add in our padding
            mTotalLength += mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom;
            // TODO: Should we recompute the heightSpec based on the new total length?
         else 
            alternativeMaxWidth = Math.max(alternativeMaxWidth,
                                           weightedMaxWidth);


            // We have no limit, so make all weighted views as tall as the largest child.
            // Children will have already been measured once.
            if (useLargestChild && heightMode != MeasureSpec.EXACTLY) 
                for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) 
                    final View child = getVirtualChildAt(i);

                    if (child == null || child.getVisibility() == View.GONE) 
                        continue;
                    

                    final LinearLayout.LayoutParams lp =
                            (LinearLayout.LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();

                    float childExtra = lp.weight;
                    if (childExtra > 0) 
                        child.measure(
                                MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(child.getMeasuredWidth(),
                                        MeasureSpec.EXACTLY),
                                MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(largestChildHeight,
                                        MeasureSpec.EXACTLY));
                    
                
            
        

        if (!allFillParent && widthMode != MeasureSpec.EXACTLY) 
            maxWidth = alternativeMaxWidth;
        

        maxWidth += mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight;

        // Check against our minimum width
        maxWidth = Math.max(maxWidth, getSuggestedMinimumWidth());

        setMeasuredDimension(resolveSizeAndState(maxWidth, widthMeasureSpec, childState),
                heightSizeAndState);

        if (matchWidth) 
            forceUniformWidth(count, heightMeasureSpec);
        
    

结论：
由上面的源码分析可以得出下面的公式：
当View layout_height!=0时

delta = heightSize - mTotalLength;
 share = (int) (childExtra * delta / weightSum);
 height = share+child.getMeasuredHeight()
 剩余空间高度 = LinearLayout高度-所有子控件高度之和
 子控件真实高度 = （子控件所占比例）*（剩余空间高度）/总比例 + 子控件原本高度

当View layout_height=0时

delta = heightSize - mTotalLength;
 share = (int) (childExtra * delta / weightSum);
 height = share>0？share:0
 剩余空间高度 = LinearLayout高度-所有子控件高度之和
 子控件按比例分配的高度 share = （子控件所占比例）*（剩余空间高度）/总比例
 子控件真实高度 h = 当share>0时 为share 当share<0时，直接为0

所以当上面两个子控件高度为match_parent时，

假设 LinearLayout 高度为H  //View1 weight = 1 View2 weight=2
剩余空间 delta = H-(H+H)=-H
//View1 高度h1  View2 高度h2
h1 = 1*(-H)/(1+2)+H=2/3*H
h2 = 2*(-H)/(1+2)+H = 1/3*H

h1/h2 = 2/1

其实通过上面两个公式，我们也能理解当为wrap_content时为什么看起来效果和为0时一样，但其实不一样。主要是因为View高度不为0时，View本身的高度也会影响最终高度的计算。
下面我们来验证一下:
图1

图2

通过上面TextView1设置padding =100dp在wrap_content时会对View本身高度测量产生影响，和mTotalLength的计算产生影响

//mTotalLength计算

final int childHeight = child.getMeasuredHeight();
final int totalLength = mTotalLength;
mTotalLength = Math.max(totalLength, totalLength + childHeight + lp.topMargin +lp.bottomMargin + getNextLocationOffset(child));

View最终高度计算 相关代码

 int childHeight = child.getMeasuredHeight() + share;
                        if (childHeight < 0) 
                            childHeight = 0;
                        

child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec,
                                MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(childHeight, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY));

此外例如TextView字体大小等会影响高度的属性，也会导致wrap_content和0dp结果不一样。

所以如果你想正常使用layout_weight属性的话，最好将对应的layout_width或者layout_height设置为0dp。这样是不会出现任何偏差的。如果你想有特殊的运用，建议将上面的源码读懂，注意各种细节。

最后在举一个有意思的例子：

上面这个为android:layout_height="wrap_content"时比例和正常相反了。

大家可以思考一下再看答案。

原因在View的源码中：
View的onMeasure方法：

protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) 
        setMeasuredDimension(getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumWidth(), widthMeasureSpec),
                getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumHeight(), heightMeasureSpec));
    

//注意在这个里面MeasureSpec.AT_MOST MeasureSpec.EXACTLY处理方式是一样的，所以wrap_content 按照match_partent的方式处理了。
public static int getDefaultSize(int size, int measureSpec) 
        int result = size;
        int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);
        int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);

        switch (specMode) 
        case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
            result = size;
            break;
        case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
        case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
            result = specSize;
            break;
        
        return result;
    

有错误的地方欢迎反馈,大家一起进步。