已解决：源 “MySQL 5.7 Community Server“ 的 GPG 密钥已安装，但是不适用于此软件包。请检查源的公钥 URL 是否配置正确 和 报错：`ERROR 1045 (28000

Posted 2022-10-16 小企鹅推雪球!

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• • 问题描述

问题描述

1. 服务器上安装mysql时出现了报错，简单记录下解决方案

   源 "MySQL 5.7 Community Server" 的 GPG 密钥已安装，但是不适用于此软件包。请检查源的公钥 URL 是否配置正确。
   
   
    失败的软件包是：mysql-community-client-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64
    GPG  密钥配置为：file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
   

2. 执行：rpm --import https://repo.mysql.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2022

   [root@localhost mysql]# rpm --import https://repo.mysql.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2022
   [root@localhost mysql]# yum install mysql-server
   已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
   Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
   正在解决依赖关系
   --> 正在检查事务
   ---> 软件包 mysql-community-server.x86_64.0.5.7.40-1.el7 将被 安装
   --> 正在处理依赖关系 mysql-community-common(x86-64) = 5.7.40-1.el7，它被软件包 mysql-community-server-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64 需要
   --> 正在处理依赖关系 mysql-community-client(x86-64) >= 5.7.9，它被软件包 mysql-community-server-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64 需要
   --> 正在检查事务
   ---> 软件包 mysql-community-client.x86_64.0.5.7.40-1.el7 将被 安装
   --> 正在处理依赖关系 mysql-community-libs(x86-64) >= 5.7.9，它被软件包 mysql-community-client-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64 需要
   ---> 软件包 mysql-community-common.x86_64.0.5.7.40-1.el7 将被 安装
   --> 正在检查事务
   ---> 软件包 mariadb-libs.x86_64.1.5.5.60-1.el7_5 将被 取代
   --> 正在处理依赖关系 libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit)，它被软件包 2:postfix-2.10.1-7.el7.x86_64 需要
   --> 正在处理依赖关系 libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit)，它被软件包 2:postfix-2.10.1-7.el7.x86_64 需要
   ---> 软件包 mysql-community-libs.x86_64.0.5.7.40-1.el7 将被 舍弃
   --> 正在检查事务
   ---> 软件包 mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64.0.5.7.40-1.el7 将被 舍弃
   --> 解决依赖关系完成
   
   依赖关系解决
   

3. 启动mysql服务并查看运行状态

   [root@localhost mysql]# service mysqld start
   Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start mysqld.service
   [root@localhost mysql]# systemctl status mysqld
   ● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
      Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
      Active: active (running) since 四 2022-10-13 05:42:37 UTC; 7s ago
        Docs: man:mysqld(8)
              http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
     Process: 10239 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
     Process: 10181 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
    Main PID: 10242 (mysqld)
       Tasks: 27
      CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
              └─10242 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
   
   10月 13 05:42:26 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
   10月 13 05:42:37 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
   

4. 查看mysql初始密码：grep 'A temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log

   [root@localhost mysql]# grep 'A temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
   2022-10-13T05:42:35.302480Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: !oCdG%3prdP1
   

   5. 使用初始密码进行登录，报错：ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost'
   6. 修改 /etc/my.cnf文件，在最后加入skip-grant-tables

   # For advice on how to change settings please see
   # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
   
   [mysqld]
   #
   # Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
   # cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
   # innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
   #
   # Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
   # changes to the binary log between backups.
   # log_bin
   #
   # Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
   # The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
   # Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
   # join_buffer_size = 128M
   # sort_buffer_size = 2M
   # read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
   datadir=/var/lib/mysql
   socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
   
   # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
   symbolic-links=0
   
   log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
   pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
   skip-grant-tables
   

5. 然后重启数据库：systemctl restart mysqld

   [root@localhost mysql]# systemctl restart mysqld
   

6. 可以使用无密码直接登录：

   [root@localhost mysql]# mysql -uroot -p 
   Enter password: 
   Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \\g.
   Your MySQL connection id is 2
   Server version: 5.7.40 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
   
   Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
   
   Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
   affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
   owners.
   
   Type 'help;' or '\\h' for help. Type '\\c' to clear the current input statement.
   
   mysql> 
   

7. 修改root 密码前，先刷新一下权限，然后再修改root密码

   mysql> flush privileges;
   Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
   mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by '123456';
   Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)