三子棋的实现,人工智能与人工智障

Posted 小比特。。

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1.菜单

我们先进行菜单打印的实现,如下:

void menu()

	printf("**********************************************\\n");
	printf("************       1.play         ************\\n");
	printf("************       0.exit         ************\\n");
	printf("**********************************************\\n");

菜单要求我们进行输出1/0,但是我们要考虑玩家可能输错的情况所以我们用switch语句来对玩家的输入进行一个反馈,如下:

	int input = 0;
	do
	
		menu();
		printf("请输入(1/0):");
		scanf("%d", &input);
		switch (input)
		
		case 1:
			printf("开始游戏\\n");
			game();
			break;
		case 0:
			printf("退出游戏\\n");
			break;
		default:
			printf("输入错误,请重新输入\\n");
			break;
		
	 while (input);

上面这段代码是在主函数中实现的,当然你也可将其打包到一个函数中,这里就不做展示了。

当玩家输入1时,进入游戏,下面我们来实现game里的内容。

2.初始化棋盘与打印棋盘

玩家要想玩三子棋首先肯定要有一个棋盘,三子棋的棋盘一共有9个空位,玩家将在这些空位上下棋,在游戏的过程中,我们是需要对玩家和电脑的下棋情况进行收录的,所以我们先创建一个数组,在里面全部初始化为 空格 ,实现如下:

void InitBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)//初始化棋盘

	int i, j;
	for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
	
		for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
		
			board[i][j] = ' ';
		
	
void game()

	int ret = 1;
	int n = 0;
	char board[ROW][COL] =  0 ;
	InitBoard(board, ROW, COL);
	DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);

这里要说明一下,ROW代表的是行,COL代表的是列,这是提前用define设置好的,后面会提到,row和col也是一样的意思,传过来是为了方便。

之后是打印棋盘,思路其实还是蛮简单的,循环加判断,相信大家都是可以理解的,就不细说明了,实现如下:

void DisplayBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)//打印棋盘

	int i, j;
	for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
	
		for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
		
			printf(" %c ", board[i][j]);
			if (j < col - 1)
			
				printf("|");
			       //“   |”这是一次循环
		           //当打印最后一次时不打印“|”
                    //打印出来是   |   |   
		printf("\\n");
		if (i < row - 1)
		
			for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
			
				printf("---");
				if (j < col - 1)
				
					printf("|");//“---|”是一次循环
				               //打印最后一次时不打印“|”
			                   //打印出来是---|---|---
		
		printf("\\n");//             上面的两行加一起是一次循环
	                              //最后一次循环不打印---|



//打印出来是这样的效果
//   |   |   
//---|---|---
//   |   |   
//---|---|---
//   |   |   

而设置ROW和COL的目的就是将棋盘的打印变得可控,可以操控棋盘的大小。

3.玩家下棋和电脑下棋

玩家下棋很简单,玩家输入坐标(1~3)(1~3)后判断此位置是否有棋子,如果有则让其在输入一次,如果没有则记录下来,放到之前创建的数组board里。

void PlayMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)//玩家下棋

	int x, y;
	printf("玩家输入\\n");
	while (1)
	
		printf("请输入坐标:");
		scanf("%d %d", &x, &y);
		if (x > 0 && x <= row && y > 0 && y <= col&&board[x - 1][y - 1] == ' ')
		
			board[x - 1][y - 1] = '*';
			break;
		
		else if (x <= 0 || x > row || y <= 0 || y > col)
		
			printf("坐标非法,请重新输入\\n");
		
		else if (board[x - 1][y - 1] != ' ')
		
			printf("该坐标已被占用,请选择其他坐标\\n");
		
	

电脑下棋我们将简单模式设置为随机下棋,下面是实现:

void ComputerMove0(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)

	Sleep(200);
	printf("电脑下棋\\n");
	int x, y;
	while (1)
	
		x = rand() % row + 1;
		y = rand() % col + 1;
		if (board[x][y] == ' ')
		
			board[x][y] = '#';
			break;
		
	

随机数的概念在《猜数字游戏》这篇博客里有说,这里就不细说明了。

简单的人机肯定不是我们想要的,那么复杂的人机该怎么实现呢?

很简单,三子棋玩的好的小伙伴们都知道,如果双方都是高手在不出失误的情况下是只能平局的,实现起来也好办,把情况都列举出来就好了,但是这样不仅玩家没有良好的游戏体验,代码也繁重,所以我们仅让电脑判断:

(下面是按照优先序排列的)

1)如果己方(电脑)在横排、竖排、斜排已有两个棋子,如果剩下的位置没有棋子,则下在此处

2)如果对方(玩家)在横排、竖排、斜排已有两个棋子,如果剩下的位置没有棋子,则下在此处

3)如果以上情况都没有那么中间优先下,没有则下四角,如果都没有空位,那么随机下。

下面是实现:

int ComputerMove1(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)

	int i = 0, j = 0, m = 1,n = 1;
	printf("电脑输入\\n");
	while(i < row)//判断电脑是否有两个
	
		if (board[i][0] == '#' && board[i][1] == '#' && board[i][2] == ' ')
		
			board[i][2] = '#';
			return 1;
		
		if (board[i][0] == '#' && board[i][2] == '#' && board[i][1] == ' ')
		
			board[i][1] = '#';
			return 1;
		
		if (board[i][1] == '#' && board[i][2] == '#' && board[i][0] == ' ')
		
			board[i][0] = '#';
			return 1;
		
		if (board[0][j] == '#' && board[1][j] == '#' && board[2][j] == ' ')
		
			board[2][j] = '#';
			return 1;
		
		if (board[0][j] == '#' && board[2][j] == '#' && board[1][j] == ' ')
		
			board[1][j] = '#';
			return 1;
		
		if (board[1][j] == '#' && board[2][j] == '#' && board[0][j] == ' ')
		
			board[0][j] = '#';
			return 1;
		
		i++;
		j++;
	
	i = 0;
	j = 0;
	while (i < col)//判断玩家是否有两个
	
		if (board[i][0] == '*' && board[i][1] == '*' && board[i][2] == ' ')
		
			board[i][2] = '#';
			return 1;
		
		if (board[i][0] == '*' && board[i][2] == '*' && board[i][1] == ' ')
		
			board[i][1] = '#';
			return 1;
		
		if (board[i][1] == '*' && board[i][2] == '*' && board[i][0] == ' ')
		
			board[i][0] = '#';
			return 1;
		
		if (board[0][j] == '*' && board[1][j] == '*' && board[2][j] == ' ')
		
			board[2][j] = '#';
			return 1;
		
		if (board[0][j] == '*' && board[2][j] == '*' && board[1][j] == ' ')
		
			board[1][j] = '#';
			return 1;
		
		if (board[1][j] == '*' && board[2][j] == '*' && board[0][j] == ' ')
		
			board[0][j] = '#';
			return 1;
		
		i++;
		j++;
	
	if (board[1][1] == ' ')//中间
	
		board[1][1] = '#';
		return 1;
	
	else if (board[1][1] != ' ')//四角
	
		if (board[0][0] == ' ')
		
			board[0][0] = '#';
			return 1;
		
		else if (board[0][2] == ' ')
		
			board[0][2] = '#';
			return 1;
		
		else if (board[2][0] == ' ')
		
			board[2][0] = '#';
			return 1;
		
		else if (board[2][2] == ' ')
		
			board[2][2] = '#';
			return 1;
		
	
	else//随机
	
		int x, y;
		while (1)
		
			x = rand() % row + 1;
			y = rand() % col + 1;
			if (board[x][y] == ' ')
			
				board[x][y] = '#';
				break;
			
		
		return 1;
	

这样一个困难的电脑就产生了。

4.判断输赢

我们需要在每次下棋(玩家或电脑)后进行判断输赢,如果玩家有三颗棋子连在一起,则玩家赢,如果电脑有三颗连在一起则电脑赢,如果棋盘满了也没有输赢则平局。

如果赢了或者平局则返回0,在game里判断是否返回0,如果是则结束本场游戏

下面是实现:

InitBoard(board, ROW, COL);//初始化棋盘
DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);//打印棋盘
while (1)

	PlayMove(board, ROW, COL);//玩家下棋
	DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);//打印棋盘
	ret = who_win(board, ROW, COL);//判断输赢
	if (ret == 0)
		break;
	ComputerMove0(board, ROW, COL);//电脑下棋
	DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);//打印棋盘
	ret = who_win(board, ROW, COL);//判断输赢
	if (ret == 0)
		break;
int who_win(char board[ROW][COL],int row, int col)

	int i, j, count = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
	
		if (board[i][0] == '*' && board[i][1] == '*' && board[i][2] == '*')
		
			printf("玩家赢\\n");
			Sleep(2000);
			system("cls");
			return 0;
		
		if (board[i][0] == '#' && board[i][1] == '#' && board[i][2] == '#')
		
			printf("电脑赢\\n");
			Sleep(2000);
			system("cls");
			return 0;
		
	
	for (i = 0; i < col; i++)
	
		if (board[0][i] == '*' && board[1][i] == '*' && board[2][i] == '*')
		
			printf("玩家赢\\n");
			Sleep(2000);
			system("cls");
			return 0;
		
		if (board[0][i] == '#' && board[1][i] == '#' && board[2][i] == '#')
		
			printf("电脑赢\\n");
			Sleep(2000);
			system("cls");
			return 0;
		
	
	if ((board[0][0] == '*' && board[1][1] == '*' && board[2][2] == '*') || (board[0][2] == '*' && board[1][1] == '*' && board[2][0] == '*'))
	
		printf("玩家赢\\n");
		Sleep(2000);
		system("cls");
		return 0;
	
	if ((board[0][0] == '#' && board[1][1] == '#' && board[2][2] == '#') || (board[0][2] == '#' && board[1][1] == '#' && board[2][0] == '#'))
	
		printf("电脑赢\\n");
		Sleep(2000);
		system("cls");
		return 0;
	
	for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
	
		for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
		
			if (board[i][j] != ' ')
			
				count++;
			
		
	
	if (count == row * col)
	
		printf("平局了\\n");
		Sleep(2000);
		system("cls");
		return 0;
	
	return 1;

还有难度的选择,判断即可,下面是源代码(我是分文件写的):

主文件:

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include "game.h"
void menu()

	printf("**********************************************\\n");
	printf("************       1.play         ************\\n");
	printf("************       0.exit         ************\\n");
	printf("**********************************************\\n");


void game()

	int ret = 1;
	int n = 0;
	char board[ROW][COL] =  0 ;
	printf("请选择难度(0.简单/1.困难):");
	scanf("%d", &n);
	if (n == 0)
	
		InitBoard(board, ROW, COL);//初始化棋盘
		DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);//打印棋盘
		while (1)
		
			PlayMove(board, ROW, COL);//玩家下棋
			DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);//棋盘
			ret = who_win(board, ROW, COL);//判断输赢
			if (ret == 0)
				break;
			ComputerMove0(board, ROW, COL);//电脑下棋
			DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);//棋盘
			ret = who_win(board, ROW, COL);//判断输赢
			if (ret == 0)
				break;
		
	
	else if (n == 1)
	
		InitBoard(board, ROW, COL);
		DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);
		while (1)
		
			PlayMove(board, ROW, COL);
			DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);
			ret = who_win(board, ROW, COL);
			if (ret == 0)
				break;
			ComputerMove1(board, ROW, COL);
			DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);
			ret = who_win(board, ROW, COL);
			if (ret == 0)
				break;
		
	
	else
	
		printf("输入错误,默认选简单\\n");
		InitBoard(board, ROW, COL);
		DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);
		while (1)
		
			PlayMove(board, ROW, COL);
			DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);
			ret = who_win(board, ROW, COL);
			if (ret == 0)
				break;
			ComputerMove0(board, ROW, COL);
			DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);
			ret = who_win(board, ROW, COL);
			if (ret == 0)
				break;
		
	

int main()

	srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));
	int input = 0;
	do
	
		menu();
		printf("请输入(1/0):");
		scanf("%d", &input);
		switch (input)
		
		case 1:
			printf("开始游戏\\n");
			game();
			break;
		case 0:
			printf("退出游戏\\n");
			break;
		default:
			printf("输入错误,请重新输入\\n");
			break;
		
	 while (input);
	return 0;

game.h头文件:

#pragma once
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <windows.h>

#define ROW 3
#define COL 3

void InitBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
void DisplayBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
void PlayMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
void ComputerMove0(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
int ComputerMove1(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
int who_win(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);

game.cpp存放函数实现的文件:

#include "game.h"

void InitBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)//初始化棋盘

	int i, j;
	for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
	
		for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
		
			board[i][j] = ' ';
		
	


void DisplayBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)//打印棋盘

	int i, j;
	for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
	
		for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
		
			printf(" %c ", board[i][j]);
			if (j < col - 1)
			
				printf("|");
			
		
		printf("\\n");
		if (i < row - 1)
		
			for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
			
				printf("---");
				if (j < col - 1)
				
					printf("|");
				
			
		
		printf("\\n");
	


void PlayMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)//玩家下棋

	int x, y;
	printf("玩家输入\\n");
	while (1)
	
		printf("请输入坐标:");
		scanf("%d %d", &x, &y);
		if (x > 0 && x <= row && y > 0 && y <= col&&board[x - 1][y - 1] == ' ')
		
			board[x - 1][y - 1] = '*';
			break;
		
		else if (x <= 0 || x > row || y <= 0 || y > col)
		
			printf("坐标非法,请重新输入\\n");
		
		else if (board[x - 1][y - 1] != ' ')
		
			printf("该坐标已被占用,请选择其他坐标\\n");
		
	


void ComputerMove0(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)//简单电脑

	Sleep(200);
	printf("电脑下棋\\n");
	int x, y;
	while (1)
	
		x = rand() % row + 1;
		y = rand() % col + 1;
		if (board[x][y] == ' ')
		
			board[x][y] = '#';
			break;
		
	


int ComputerMove1(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)//困难电脑

	int i = 0, j = 0, m = 1,n = 1;
	printf("电脑输入\\n");
	while(i < row)
	
		if (board[i][0] == '#' && board[i][1] == '#' && board[i][2] == ' ')
		
			board[i][2] = '#';
			return 1;
		
		if (board[i][0] == '#' && board[i][2] == '#' && board[i][1] == ' ')
		
			board[i][1] = '#';
			return 1;
		
		if (board[i][1] == '#' && board[i][2] == '#' && board[i][0] == ' ')
		
			board[i][0] = '#';
			return 1;
		
		if (board[0][j] == '#' && board[1][j] == '#' && board[2][j] == ' ')
		
			board[2][j] = '#';
			return 1;
		
		if (board[0][j] == '#' && board[2][j] == '#' && board[1][j] == ' ')
		
			board[1][j] = '#';
			return 1;
		
		if (board[1][j] == '#' && board[2][j] == '#' && board[0][j] == ' ')
		
			board[0][j] = '#';
			return 1;
		
		i++;
		j++;
	
	i = 0;
	j = 0;
	while (i < col)
	
		if (board[i][0] == '*' && board[i][1] == '*' && board[i][2] == ' ')
		
			board[i][2] = '#';
			return 1;
		
		if (board[i][0] == '*' && board[i][2] == '*' && board[i][1] == ' ')
		
			board[i][1] = '#';
			return 1;
		
		if (board[i][1] == '*' && board[i][2] == '*' && board[i][0] == ' ')
		
			board[i][0] = '#';
			return 1;
		
		if (board[0][j] == '*' && board[1][j] == '*' && board[2][j] == ' ')
		
			board[2][j] = '#';
			return 1;
		
		if (board[0][j] == '*' && board[2][j] == '*' && board[1][j] == ' ')
		
			board[1][j] = '#';
			return 1;
		
		if (board[1][j] == '*' && board[2][j] == '*' && board[0][j] == ' ')
		
			board[0][j] = '#';
			return 1;
		
		i++;
		j++;
	
	if (board[1][1] == ' ')
	
		board[1][1] = '#';
		return 1;
	
	else if (board[1][1] != ' ')
	
		if (board[0][0] == ' ')
		
			board[0][0] = '#';
			return 1;
		
		else if (board[0][2] == ' ')
		
			board[0][2] = '#';
			return 1;
		
		else if (board[2][0] == ' ')
		
			board[2][0] = '#';
			return 1;
		
		else if (board[2][2] == ' ')
		
			board[2][2] = '#';
			return 1;
		
	
	else
	
		int x, y;
		while (1)
		
			x = rand() % row + 1;
			y = rand() % col + 1;
			if (board[x][y] == ' ')
			
				board[x][y] = '#';
				break;
			
		
		return 1;
	


int who_win(char board[ROW][COL],int row, int col)//判断输赢

	int i, j, count = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
	
		if (board[i][0] == '*' && board[i][1] == '*' && board[i][2] == '*')
		
			printf("玩家赢\\n");
			Sleep(2000);
			system("cls");
			return 0;
		
		if (board[i][0] == '#' && board[i][1] == '#' && board[i][2] == '#')
		
			printf("电脑赢\\n");
			Sleep(2000);
			system("cls");
			return 0;
		
	
	for (i = 0; i < col; i++)
	
		if (board[0][i] == '*' && board[1][i] == '*' && board[2][i] == '*')
		
			printf("玩家赢\\n");
			Sleep(2000);
			system("cls");
			return 0;
		
		if (board[0][i] == '#' && board[1][i] == '#' && board[2][i] == '#')
		
			printf("电脑赢\\n");
			Sleep(2000);
			system("cls");
			return 0;
		
	
	if ((board[0][0] == '*' && board[1][1] == '*' && board[2][2] == '*') || (board[0][2] == '*' && board[1][1] == '*' && board[2][0] == '*'))
	
		printf("玩家赢\\n");
		Sleep(2000);
		system("cls");
		return 0;
	
	if ((board[0][0] == '#' && board[1][1] == '#' && board[2][2] == '#') || (board[0][2] == '#' && board[1][1] == '#' && board[2][0] == '#'))
	
		printf("电脑赢\\n");
		Sleep(2000);
		system("cls");
		return 0;
	
	for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
	
		for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
		
			if (board[i][j] != ' ')
			
				count++;
			
		
	
	if (count == row * col)
	
		printf("平局了\\n");
		Sleep(2000);
		system("cls");
		return 0;
	
	return 1;

以上就是三子棋的全部内容了。

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C语言初阶《三子棋》

C语言初阶《三子棋》

这个三子棋,输了就要接受惩罚哦!

井字棋版本1.0(对抗人工智障)

(教你简单地C语言黑框框三子棋(井字棋)