Elasticsearch 分布式搜索引擎 -- 自动补全(拼音分词器自定义分词器自动补全查询实现搜索框自动补全)

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文章目录

本节代码和数据库文件

链接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1N_bpjL7TZbZK287Y8xAg2A?pwd=3210 
提取码:3210

1. 自动补全

当用户在搜索框输入字符时,我们应该提示出与该字符有关的搜索项,如图:

这种根据用户输入的字母,提示完整词条的功能,就是自动补全了。

因为需要根据拼音字母来推断,因此要用到拼音分词功能。


1.1 拼音分词器

拼音分词器


1.2.1 自定义分词器

默认的拼音分词器会将每个汉字单独分为拼音,而我们希望的是每个词条形成一组拼音,需要对拼音分词器做个性化定制,形成自定义分词器。

elasticsearch中分词器(analyzer)的组成包含三部分:

  • character filters:在tokenizer之前对文本进行处理。例如删除字符、替换字符
  • tokenizer:将文本按照一定的规则切割成词条(term)。例如keyword,就是不分词;还有ik_smart
  • tokenizer filter:将tokenizer输出的词条做进一步处理。例如大小写转换、同义词处理、拼音处理等

文档分词时会依次由这三部分来处理文档:

我们可以在创建索引库时,通过settings来配置自定义的analyzer (分词器)︰

https://github.com/medcl/elasticsearch-analysis-pinyin # 拼音分词器



声明自定义分词器的语法示例如下:

PUT /test

  "settings": 
    "analysis": 
      "analyzer":  // 自定义分词器
        "my_analyzer":   // 分词器名称
          "tokenizer": "ik_max_word",
          "filter": "py"
        
      ,
      "filter":  // 自定义tokenizer filter
        "py":  // 过滤器名称
          "type": "pinyin", // 过滤器类型,这里是pinyin
		  "keep_full_pinyin": false,
          "keep_joined_full_pinyin": true,
          "keep_original": true,
          "limit_first_letter_length": 16,
          "remove_duplicated_term": true,
          "none_chinese_pinyin_tokenize": false
        
      
    
  ,
  "mappings": 
    "properties": 
      "name": 
        "type": "text",
        "analyzer": "my_analyzer",
        "search_analyzer": "ik_smart"
      
    
  

示例:

我们往里面插入2条测试数据:

POST /test/_doc/1

  "id":1,
  "name":"狮子"


POST /test/_doc/2

  "id":2,
  "name":"虱子"

现在去查询数据:

GET /test/_search

  "query": "match": 
    "name": "被狮子咬一口怎么办?"
  


1.2.2 小结


1.2 自动补全

elasticsearch提供了Completion Suggester查询来实现自动补全功能。这个查询会匹配以用户输入内容开头的词条并返回。为了提高补全查询的效率,对于文档中字段的类型有一些约束:

  • 参与补全查询的字段必须是completion类型。
  • 字段的内容一般是用来补全的多个词条形成的数组。

比如,一个这样的索引库:

PUT /test2

  "mappings": 
    "properties": 
      "title": 
        "type": "completion"
      
    
  

然后插入下面的数据:

POST /test2/_doc

  "title": [
    "Sony",
    "WH-1000XM3"
  ]


POST /test2/_doc

  "title": [
    "SK-II",
    "PITERA"
  ]


POST /test2/_doc

  "title": [
    "Nintendo",
    "switch"
  ]

查询的DSL语句如下:

# 自动补全查询
GET /test2/_search

  "suggest": 
    "title_suggest": 
      "text": "s",
      "completion": 
        "field": "title",
        "skip_duplicates": true,
        "size": 10
      
    
  

查询结果:


  "took" : 1,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : 
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  ,
  "hits" : 
    "total" : 
      "value" : 0,
      "relation" : "eq"
    ,
    "max_score" : null,
    "hits" : [ ]
  ,
  "suggest" : 
    "title_suggest" : [
      
        "text" : "s",
        "offset" : 0,
        "length" : 1,
        "options" : [
          
            "text" : "SK-II",
            "_index" : "test2",
            "_type" : "_doc",
            "_id" : "8AJHCIABJKdUE2v6zZ0E",
            "_score" : 1.0,
            "_source" : 
              "title" : [
                "SK-II",
                "PITERA"
              ]
            
          ,
          
            "text" : "Sony",
            "_index" : "test2",
            "_type" : "_doc",
            "_id" : "7wJHCIABJKdUE2v6zJ3y",
            "_score" : 1.0,
            "_source" : 
              "title" : [
                "Sony",
                "WH-1000XM3"
              ]
            
          ,
          
            "text" : "switch",
            "_index" : "test2",
            "_type" : "_doc",
            "_id" : "8QJHCIABJKdUE2v6zZ0U",
            "_score" : 1.0,
            "_source" : 
              "title" : [
                "Nintendo",
                "switch"
              ]
            
          
        ]
      
    ]
  


1.3 实现酒店搜索框自动补全

现在,我们的hotel索引库还没有设置拼音分词器,需要修改索引库中的配置。但是我们知道索引库是无法修改的,只能删除然后重新创建。

另外,我们需要添加一个字段,用来做自动补全,将brand、suggestion、city等都放进去,作为自动补全的提示。

因此,总结一下,我们需要做的事情包括:

  1. 修改hotel索引库结构,设置自定义拼音分词器
  2. 修改索引库的name、all字段,使用自定义分词器
  3. 索引库添加一个新字段suggestion,类型为completion类型,使用自定义的分词器
  4. 给HotelDoc类添加suggestion字段,内容包含brand、business
  5. 重新导入数据到hotel库

1.3.1 修改酒店映射结构

代码如下:

PUT /hotel

  "settings": 
    "analysis": 
      "analyzer": 
        "text_anlyzer": 
          "tokenizer": "ik_max_word",
          "filter": "py"
        ,
        "completion_analyzer": 
          "tokenizer": "keyword",
          "filter": "py"
        
      ,
      "filter": 
        "py": 
          "type": "pinyin",
          "keep_full_pinyin": false,
          "keep_joined_full_pinyin": true,
          "keep_original": true,
          "limit_first_letter_length": 16,
          "remove_duplicated_term": true,
          "none_chinese_pinyin_tokenize": false
        
      
    
  ,
  "mappings": 
    "properties": 
      "id":
        "type": "keyword"
      ,
      "name":
        "type": "text",
        "analyzer": "text_anlyzer",
        "search_analyzer": "ik_smart",
        "copy_to": "all"
      ,
      "address":
        "type": "keyword",
        "index": false
      ,
      "price":
        "type": "integer"
      ,
      "score":
        "type": "integer"
      ,
      "brand":
        "type": "keyword",
        "copy_to": "all"
      ,
      "city":
        "type": "keyword"
      ,
      "starName":
        "type": "keyword"
      ,
      "business":
        "type": "keyword",
        "copy_to": "all"
      ,
      "location":
        "type": "geo_point"
      ,
      "pic":
        "type": "keyword",
        "index": false
      ,
      "all":
        "type": "text",
        "analyzer": "text_anlyzer",
        "search_analyzer": "ik_smart"
      ,
      "suggestion":
          "type": "completion",
          "analyzer": "completion_analyzer"
      
    
  


1.3.2 修改HotelDoc实体

HotelDoc中要添加一个字段,用来做自动补全,内容可以是酒店品牌、城市、商圈等信息。按照自动补全字段的要求,最好是这些字段的数组。

因此我们在HotelDoc中添加一个suggestion字段,类型为List<String>,然后将brand、city、business等信息放到里面。

代码如下:

package cn.itcast.hotel.pojo;

import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;

@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
public class HotelDoc 
    private Long id;
    private String name;
    private String address;
    private Integer price;
    private Integer score;
    private String brand;
    private String city;
    private String starName;
    private String business;
    private String location;
    private String pic;
    private Object distance;
    private Boolean isAD;
    private List<String> suggestion;

    public HotelDoc(Hotel hotel) 
        this.id = hotel.getId();
        this.name = hotel.getName();
        this.address = hotel.getAddress();
        this.price = hotel.getPrice();
        this.score = hotel.getScore();
        this.brand = hotel.getBrand();
        this.city = hotel.getCity();
        this.starName = hotel.getStarName();
        this.business = hotel.getBusiness();
        this.location = hotel.getLatitude() + ", " + hotel.getLongitude();
        this.pic = hotel.getPic();
        // 组装suggestion
        if (this.business.contains("/")) 
            // business有多个值,需要切割
            String[] arr = this.business.split("/");
            // 添加元素
            this.suggestion = new ArrayList<>();
            this.suggestion.add(this.brand);
            Collections.addAll(this.suggestion, arr);
         else 
            this.suggestion = Arrays.asList(this.brand, this.business);
        
    


1.3.3 重新导入

重新执行之前编写的导入数据功能,可以看到新的酒店数据中包含了suggestion:

GET /hotel/_search

  "suggest": 
    "suggestions": 
      "text": "sd",
      "completion": 
        "field": "suggestion",
        "skip_duplicates": true,
        "size": 20
      
    
  


1.3.4 自动补全查询的 JavaAPI


而自动补全的结果也比较特殊,解析的代码如下:


1.3.5 实现搜索框自动补全


1)在cn.itcast.hotel.web包下的HotelController中添加新接口,接收新的请求:

@GetMapping("suggestion")
public List<String> getSuggestions(@RequestParam("key") String prefix) 
    return hotelService.getSuggestions(prefix);

2)在cn.itcast.hotel.service包下的IhotelService中添加方法:

List<String> getSuggestions(String prefix);

3)在cn.itcast.hotel.service.impl.HotelService中实现该方法:

@Override
public List<String> getSuggestions(String prefix) 
    try 
        // 1.准备Request
        SearchRequest request = new SearchRequest("hotel");
        // 2.准备DSL
        request.source().suggest(new SuggestBuilder().addSuggestion(
            "suggestions",
            SuggestBuilders.completionSuggestion("suggestion")
            .prefix(prefix)
            .skipDuplicates(true)
            .size(10)
        ));
        // 3.发起请求
        SearchResponse response = client.search(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        // 4.解析结果
        Suggest suggest = response.getSuggest();
        // 4.1.根据补全查询名称,获取补全结果
        CompletionSuggestion suggestions = suggest.getSuggestion("suggestions");
        // 4.2.获取options
        List<CompletionSuggestion.Entry.Option> options = suggestions.getOptions();
        // 4.3.遍历
        List<String> list = new ArrayList<>(options.size());
        for (CompletionSuggestion.Entry.Option option : options) 
            String text = option.getText().toString();
            list.add(text);
        
        return list;
     catch (IOException e) 
        throw new RuntimeException(e);
    


1.3.5 启动项目进行测试



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