Elasticsearch 分布式搜索引擎 -- 自动补全(拼音分词器自定义分词器自动补全查询实现搜索框自动补全)
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文章目录
本节代码和数据库文件
链接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1N_bpjL7TZbZK287Y8xAg2A?pwd=3210
提取码:3210
1. 自动补全
当用户在搜索框输入字符时,我们应该提示出与该字符有关的搜索项,如图:
这种根据用户输入的字母,提示完整词条的功能,就是自动补全了。
因为需要根据拼音字母来推断,因此要用到拼音分词功能。
1.1 拼音分词器
1.2.1 自定义分词器
默认的拼音分词器会将每个汉字单独分为拼音,而我们希望的是每个词条形成一组拼音,需要对拼音分词器做个性化定制,形成自定义分词器。
elasticsearch
中分词器(analyzer
)的组成包含三部分:
character filters
:在tokenizer
之前对文本进行处理。例如删除字符、替换字符tokenizer
:将文本按照一定的规则切割成词条(term
)。例如keyword
,就是不分词;还有ik_smart
tokenizer filter
:将tokenizer
输出的词条做进一步处理。例如大小写转换、同义词处理、拼音处理等
文档分词时会依次由这三部分来处理文档:
我们可以在创建索引库时,通过settings
来配置自定义的analyzer
(分词器)︰
https://github.com/medcl/elasticsearch-analysis-pinyin # 拼音分词器
声明自定义分词器的语法示例如下:
PUT /test
"settings":
"analysis":
"analyzer": // 自定义分词器
"my_analyzer": // 分词器名称
"tokenizer": "ik_max_word",
"filter": "py"
,
"filter": // 自定义tokenizer filter
"py": // 过滤器名称
"type": "pinyin", // 过滤器类型,这里是pinyin
"keep_full_pinyin": false,
"keep_joined_full_pinyin": true,
"keep_original": true,
"limit_first_letter_length": 16,
"remove_duplicated_term": true,
"none_chinese_pinyin_tokenize": false
,
"mappings":
"properties":
"name":
"type": "text",
"analyzer": "my_analyzer",
"search_analyzer": "ik_smart"
示例:
我们往里面插入2
条测试数据:
POST /test/_doc/1
"id":1,
"name":"狮子"
POST /test/_doc/2
"id":2,
"name":"虱子"
现在去查询数据:
GET /test/_search
"query": "match":
"name": "被狮子咬一口怎么办?"
1.2.2 小结
1.2 自动补全
elasticsearch
提供了Completion Suggester查询来实现自动补全功能。这个查询会匹配以用户输入内容开头的词条并返回。为了提高补全查询的效率,对于文档中字段的类型有一些约束:
- 参与补全查询的字段必须是
completion
类型。 - 字段的内容一般是用来补全的多个词条形成的数组。
比如,一个这样的索引库:
PUT /test2
"mappings":
"properties":
"title":
"type": "completion"
然后插入下面的数据:
POST /test2/_doc
"title": [
"Sony",
"WH-1000XM3"
]
POST /test2/_doc
"title": [
"SK-II",
"PITERA"
]
POST /test2/_doc
"title": [
"Nintendo",
"switch"
]
查询的DSL语句如下:
# 自动补全查询
GET /test2/_search
"suggest":
"title_suggest":
"text": "s",
"completion":
"field": "title",
"skip_duplicates": true,
"size": 10
查询结果:
"took" : 1,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" :
"total" : 1,
"successful" : 1,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
,
"hits" :
"total" :
"value" : 0,
"relation" : "eq"
,
"max_score" : null,
"hits" : [ ]
,
"suggest" :
"title_suggest" : [
"text" : "s",
"offset" : 0,
"length" : 1,
"options" : [
"text" : "SK-II",
"_index" : "test2",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "8AJHCIABJKdUE2v6zZ0E",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" :
"title" : [
"SK-II",
"PITERA"
]
,
"text" : "Sony",
"_index" : "test2",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "7wJHCIABJKdUE2v6zJ3y",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" :
"title" : [
"Sony",
"WH-1000XM3"
]
,
"text" : "switch",
"_index" : "test2",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "8QJHCIABJKdUE2v6zZ0U",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" :
"title" : [
"Nintendo",
"switch"
]
]
]
1.3 实现酒店搜索框自动补全
现在,我们的hotel索引库还没有设置拼音分词器,需要修改索引库中的配置。但是我们知道索引库是无法修改的,只能删除然后重新创建。
另外,我们需要添加一个字段,用来做自动补全,将brand、suggestion、city等都放进去,作为自动补全的提示。
因此,总结一下,我们需要做的事情包括:
- 修改hotel索引库结构,设置自定义拼音分词器
- 修改索引库的name、all字段,使用自定义分词器
- 索引库添加一个新字段suggestion,类型为completion类型,使用自定义的分词器
- 给HotelDoc类添加suggestion字段,内容包含brand、business
- 重新导入数据到hotel库
1.3.1 修改酒店映射结构
代码如下:
PUT /hotel
"settings":
"analysis":
"analyzer":
"text_anlyzer":
"tokenizer": "ik_max_word",
"filter": "py"
,
"completion_analyzer":
"tokenizer": "keyword",
"filter": "py"
,
"filter":
"py":
"type": "pinyin",
"keep_full_pinyin": false,
"keep_joined_full_pinyin": true,
"keep_original": true,
"limit_first_letter_length": 16,
"remove_duplicated_term": true,
"none_chinese_pinyin_tokenize": false
,
"mappings":
"properties":
"id":
"type": "keyword"
,
"name":
"type": "text",
"analyzer": "text_anlyzer",
"search_analyzer": "ik_smart",
"copy_to": "all"
,
"address":
"type": "keyword",
"index": false
,
"price":
"type": "integer"
,
"score":
"type": "integer"
,
"brand":
"type": "keyword",
"copy_to": "all"
,
"city":
"type": "keyword"
,
"starName":
"type": "keyword"
,
"business":
"type": "keyword",
"copy_to": "all"
,
"location":
"type": "geo_point"
,
"pic":
"type": "keyword",
"index": false
,
"all":
"type": "text",
"analyzer": "text_anlyzer",
"search_analyzer": "ik_smart"
,
"suggestion":
"type": "completion",
"analyzer": "completion_analyzer"
1.3.2 修改HotelDoc实体
HotelDoc中要添加一个字段,用来做自动补全,内容可以是酒店品牌、城市、商圈等信息。按照自动补全字段的要求,最好是这些字段的数组。
因此我们在HotelDoc中添加一个suggestion字段,类型为List<String>
,然后将brand、city、business等信息放到里面。
代码如下:
package cn.itcast.hotel.pojo;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
public class HotelDoc
private Long id;
private String name;
private String address;
private Integer price;
private Integer score;
private String brand;
private String city;
private String starName;
private String business;
private String location;
private String pic;
private Object distance;
private Boolean isAD;
private List<String> suggestion;
public HotelDoc(Hotel hotel)
this.id = hotel.getId();
this.name = hotel.getName();
this.address = hotel.getAddress();
this.price = hotel.getPrice();
this.score = hotel.getScore();
this.brand = hotel.getBrand();
this.city = hotel.getCity();
this.starName = hotel.getStarName();
this.business = hotel.getBusiness();
this.location = hotel.getLatitude() + ", " + hotel.getLongitude();
this.pic = hotel.getPic();
// 组装suggestion
if (this.business.contains("/"))
// business有多个值,需要切割
String[] arr = this.business.split("/");
// 添加元素
this.suggestion = new ArrayList<>();
this.suggestion.add(this.brand);
Collections.addAll(this.suggestion, arr);
else
this.suggestion = Arrays.asList(this.brand, this.business);
1.3.3 重新导入
重新执行之前编写的导入数据功能,可以看到新的酒店数据中包含了suggestion:
GET /hotel/_search
"suggest":
"suggestions":
"text": "sd",
"completion":
"field": "suggestion",
"skip_duplicates": true,
"size": 20
1.3.4 自动补全查询的 JavaAPI
而自动补全的结果也比较特殊,解析的代码如下:
1.3.5 实现搜索框自动补全
1)在cn.itcast.hotel.web
包下的HotelController
中添加新接口,接收新的请求:
@GetMapping("suggestion")
public List<String> getSuggestions(@RequestParam("key") String prefix)
return hotelService.getSuggestions(prefix);
2)在cn.itcast.hotel.service
包下的IhotelService
中添加方法:
List<String> getSuggestions(String prefix);
3)在cn.itcast.hotel.service.impl.HotelService
中实现该方法:
@Override
public List<String> getSuggestions(String prefix)
try
// 1.准备Request
SearchRequest request = new SearchRequest("hotel");
// 2.准备DSL
request.source().suggest(new SuggestBuilder().addSuggestion(
"suggestions",
SuggestBuilders.completionSuggestion("suggestion")
.prefix(prefix)
.skipDuplicates(true)
.size(10)
));
// 3.发起请求
SearchResponse response = client.search(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
// 4.解析结果
Suggest suggest = response.getSuggest();
// 4.1.根据补全查询名称,获取补全结果
CompletionSuggestion suggestions = suggest.getSuggestion("suggestions");
// 4.2.获取options
List<CompletionSuggestion.Entry.Option> options = suggestions.getOptions();
// 4.3.遍历
List<String> list = new ArrayList<>(options.size());
for (CompletionSuggestion.Entry.Option option : options)
String text = option.getText().toString();
list.add(text);
return list;
catch (IOException e)
throw new RuntimeException(e);
1.3.5 启动项目进行测试
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