quarkus实战之五：细说maven插件

Posted 2022-03-15 程序员欣宸

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本篇概览

本文是《quarkus实战》系列的第五篇，一起去熟悉quarkus的maven插件（就是下图红框中的那个plugin），用好它可以使我们更加得心应手的在项目中配置和控制quarkus

插件quarkus-maven-plugin提供了丰富的功能，它们都有对应的命令，执行mvn quarkus:xxx即可执行，其中xxx就是具体的命令，例如mvn quarkus:help，接下来一起用实际操作来熟悉这些命令

帮助（help）

mvn quarkus:help是首先要掌握的命令，它告诉了大家quarkus的maven插件到底有哪些能力，作为工具书，今后随时可能用到，如下所示，篇幅所限，仅列出部分内容：

% mvn quarkus:help
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] 
[INFO] ------------------< com.bolingcavalry:hello-quarkus >-------------------
[INFO] Building hello-quarkus 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- quarkus-maven-plugin:2.7.3.Final:help (default-cli) @ hello-quarkus ---
[INFO] Quarkus Platform - Quarkus Maven Plugin 2.7.3.Final
  Quarkus Universe platform aggregates extensions from Quarkus Core and those
  developed by the community into a single compatible and versioned set that
  application developers can reference from their applications to align the
  dependency versions

This plugin has 25 goals:

quarkus:add-extension
  Allow adding an extension to an existing pom.xml file. Because you can add one
  or several extension in one go, there are 2 mojos: add-extensions and
  add-extension. Both supports the extension and extensions parameters.

quarkus:add-extensions
  Allow adding extensions to an existing pom.xml file. Because you can add one
  or several extension in one go, there are 2 mojos: add-extensions and
  add-extension. Both supports the extension and extensions parameters.

quarkus:analyze-call-tree
  Analyze call tree of a method or a class based on an existing report produced
  by Substrate when using -H:+PrintAnalysisCallTree, and does a more meaningful
  analysis of what is causing a type to be retained.

quarkus:build
  Builds the Quarkus application.
...

创建工程（create）

首先要掌握的mvn命令是创建工程，回顾前文中创建工程的命令：

mvn "io.quarkus:quarkus-maven-plugin:create" \\
  -DprojectGroupId="com.bolingcavalry" \\
  -DprojectArtifactId="hello-quarkus" \\
  -DprojectVersion="1.0-SNAPSHOT" \\
  -DclassName="HobbyResource" \\
  -Dpath="actions"

创建工程时有很多参数可以设置，它们的默认值的作用如下表

参数	默认值	说明
projectGroupId	org.acme.sample	group id，GAV坐标中的G
projectArtifactId	mandatory	artifact id， GAV坐标中的A
projectVersion	1.0.0-SNAPSHOT	version， GAV坐标中的V
platformGroupId	io.quarkus.platform	在依赖quarkus的BOM，以及quarkus插件时，都要指定GAV，这是G
platformArtifactId	quarkus-bom	在依赖quarkus的BOM，以及quarkus插件时，都要指定GAV，这是A
platformVersion	2.7.1.Final	在依赖quarkus的BOM，以及quarkus插件时，都要指定GAV，这是V，默认值会自动更新到最新稳定版
className	无默认值	指定后，会自动创建一个类
path	无默认值	如果指定了className，此时再指定path的话，path会作为类的web接口的path
extensions	空	所需的quarkus插件列表
quarkusRegistryClient	true	是否联网获取最新的quarkus插件列表，如果设置为false，列表只能根据BOM获取，得不到最新的在线数据

查看工程信息（info）

查看工程信息的命令是mvn quarkus:info，使用频率很高，如下，可以观察当前的BOM和扩展插件情况：

(base) willdeMBP:hello-quarkus will$ mvn quarkus:info
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] 
[INFO] ------------------< com.bolingcavalry:hello-quarkus >-------------------
[INFO] Building hello-quarkus 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- quarkus-maven-plugin:2.7.1.Final:info (default-cli) @ hello-quarkus ---
[WARNING] quarkus:info goal is experimental, its options and output may change in future versions
[INFO] Looking for the newly published extensions in registry.quarkus.io
[INFO] Quarkus platform BOMs:
[INFO]   io.quarkus:quarkus-bom:pom:2.7.1.Final
[INFO] 
[INFO] Extensions from io.quarkus:quarkus-bom:
[INFO]   io.quarkus:quarkus-arc
[INFO]   io.quarkus:quarkus-resteasy
[INFO] 
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  4.828 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2022-03-04T08:40:44+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

paltform列表（list-platforms）

回顾项目的pom.xml文件，如下图，红框中是依赖的平台信息，所有quarkus依赖库都由这个平台统一管理

上图红框中的平台，在quarkus中有多个，我们可以按照自己的实际情况选择，quarkus插件的list-platforms命令可以查看一共有哪些平台类型，完整命令是

mvn quarkus:list-platforms

控制台输出所有平台信息

% mvn quarkus:list-platforms
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] 
[INFO] ------------------< com.bolingcavalry:hello-quarkus >-------------------
[INFO] Building hello-quarkus 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- quarkus-maven-plugin:2.7.3.Final:list-platforms (default-cli) @ hello-quarkus ---
[INFO] io.quarkus.platform:quarkus-bom::pom:2.7.3.Final
[INFO] io.quarkus.platform:quarkus-optaplanner-bom::pom:2.7.3.Final
[INFO] io.quarkus.platform:quarkus-kogito-bom::pom:2.7.3.Final
[INFO] io.quarkus.platform:quarkus-qpid-jms-bom::pom:2.7.3.Final
[INFO] io.quarkus.platform:quarkus-cassandra-bom::pom:2.7.3.Final
[INFO] io.quarkus.platform:quarkus-amazon-services-bom::pom:2.7.3.Final
[INFO] io.quarkus.platform:quarkus-camel-bom::pom:2.7.3.Final
[INFO] io.quarkus.platform:quarkus-hazelcast-client::pom:2.7.3.Final
[INFO] io.quarkus.platform:quarkus-debezium-bom::pom:2.7.3.Final
[INFO] io.quarkus.platform:quarkus-blaze-persistence-bom::pom:2.7.3.Final
[INFO] io.quarkus.platform:quarkus-google-cloud-services-bom::pom:2.7.3.Final
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

扩展组件：查看（list-extensions）

扩展组件(extensions)是quarkus的一大特色，web、序列化、数据库等丰富的功能，都有对应的组件提供
命令mvn quarkus:list-extensions可以查看支持的扩展组件列表：

(base) willdeMBP:hello-quarkus will$ mvn quarkus:list-extensions
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] 
[INFO] ------------------< com.bolingcavalry:hello-quarkus >-------------------
[INFO] Building hello-quarkus 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- quarkus-maven-plugin:2.7.1.Final:list-extensions (default-cli) @ hello-quarkus ---
[INFO] Looking for the newly published extensions in registry.quarkus.io
[INFO] Current Quarkus extensions available: 
[INFO] 
[INFO] ✬ ArtifactId                                         Extension Name
[INFO] ✬ quarkus-agroal                                     Agroal - Database connection pool
[INFO] ✬ quarkus-amazon-lambda                              AWS Lambda
[INFO] ✬ quarkus-amazon-lambda-http                         AWS Lambda HTTP
[INFO] ✬ quarkus-amazon-lambda-rest                         AWS Lambda Gateway REST API
[INFO] ✬ quarkus-amazon-lambda-xray                         AWS Lambda X-Ray
[INFO] ✬ quarkus-apicurio-registry-avro                     Apicurio Registry - Avro
[INFO] ✬ quarkus-avro                                       Apache Avro
[INFO] ✬ quarkus-awt                                        AWT
[INFO] ✬ quarkus-azure-functions-http                       Azure Functions HTTP
[INFO] ✬ quarkus-cache                                      Cache
[INFO] ✬ quarkus-config-yaml                                YAML Configuration
...

如果想看更丰富的信息，可以增加参数-Dformat=full，如下图红框所示，新增了两个字段：

扩展组件：查看分类（list-categories）

直接用list-extensions命令可以看到所有扩展组件，我们当然不会全部都用，所以最好能有个分类的功能，然后我们在合适的类目中找寻自己需要的组件
quarkus已经为我们准备好了分类功能，首先，执行以下命令查看有哪些分类（-Dformat参数可选，有了它会展示更详细的信息）

mvn quarkus:list-categories -Dformat=full

控制台输出如下，列出了所有分类和说明

% mvn quarkus:list-categories -Dformat=full
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] 
[INFO] ------------------< com.bolingcavalry:hello-quarkus >-------------------
[INFO] Building hello-quarkus 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- quarkus-maven-plugin:2.7.3.Final:list-categories (default-cli) @ hello-quarkus ---
[INFO] Available Quarkus extension categories: 
[INFO] 
[INFO] Category                       CategoryId           Description
[INFO] Alternative languages          alt-languages        Support for other JVM based languages
[INFO] Alternative languages          alternative-languages Support for other JVM based languages
[INFO] Business Automation            business-automation  Rules engine, BPM, etc
[INFO] Cloud                          cloud                Useful for Cloud Native deployments platforms like Kubernetes and cloud providers
[INFO] Compatibility                  compatibility        Support for alternative programming models on Quarkus
[INFO] Core                           core                 Core Quarkus components: engine, logging, etc.
[INFO] Data                           data                 Accessing and managing your data (RDBMS, NoSQL, caching, transaction management, etc)
[INFO] Integration                    integration          Connectors to read to write from a skew of systems (file, S#, Twitter, etc)
[INFO] Messaging                      messaging            Send and receives message to various messaging systems (AMQP, KAfka etc)
[INFO] Miscellaneous                  miscellaneous        Mixed bag of good stuff
[INFO] Observability                  observability        Metrics, tracing, etc
[INFO] Reactive                       reactive             Non blocking stack and connectors
[INFO] Security                       security             Everything you need to secure your application
[INFO] Serialization                  serialization        Serializing and deserializing various formats
[INFO] Web                            web                  Everything you need for REST endpoints, HTTP and web formats like JSON
[INFO] gRPC                           grpc                 gRPC integration
[INFO] 
[INFO] To list extensions in given category, use:
`./mvnw quarkus:list-extensions -Dcategory="categoryId"`
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

如果我对消息相关的组件感兴趣，可以看messaging这个类目，命令是

mvn quarkus:list-extensions -Dcategory="messaging"

此时控制台会列出messaging这个类目下的所有组件

% mvn quarkus:list-extensions -Dcategory="messaging"              
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] 
[INFO] ------------------< com.bolingcavalry:hello-quarkus >-------------------
[INFO] Building hello-quarkus 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- quarkus-maven-plugin:2.7.3.Final:list-extensions (default-cli) @ hello-quarkus ---
[INFO] Current Quarkus extensions available: 
[INFO] 
[INFO] ✬ ArtifactId                                         Extension Name
[INFO]   quarkus-artemis-jms                                Artemis JMS
[INFO] ✬ quarkus-google-cloud-pubsub                        Google Cloud Pubsub
[INFO] ✬ quarkus-kafka-client                               Apache Kafka Client
[INFO] ✬ quarkus-kafka-streams                              Apache Kafka Streams
[INFO] ✬ quarkus-qpid-jms                                   AMQP 1.0 JMS client - Apache Qpid JMS
[INFO]   quarkus-rabbitmq-client                            RabbitMQ Client
[INFO]   quarkus-reactive-messaging-http                    Reactive HTTP and WebSocket Connector
[INFO] ✬ quarkus-smallrye-reactive-messaging                SmallRye Reactive Messaging
[INFO] ✬ quarkus-smallrye-reactive-messaging-amqp           SmallRye Reactive Messaging - AMQP Connector
[INFO] ✬ quarkus-smallrye-reactive-messaging-kafka          SmallRye Reactive Messaging - Kafka Connector
[INFO] ✬ quarkus-smallrye-reactive-messaging-mqtt           SmallRye Reactive Messaging - MQTT Connector
[INFO] ✬ quarkus-smallrye-reactive-messaging-rabbitmq       SmallRye Reactive Messaging - RabbitMQ Connector
[INFO] 
[INFO] To get more information, append `-Dformat=full` to your command line.
[INFO] 
[INFO] Add an extension to your project by adding the dependency to your pom.xml or use `./mvnw quarkus:add-extension -Dextensions="artifactId"`
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

扩展组件：添加（add-extension、add-extensions）

用mvn quarkus:list-extensions列出所有扩展组件后，可根据实际需要将列出的组件加入自己项目，例如我需要quarkus-jackson这个组件，执行以下命令即可

mvn quarkus:add-extension -Dextensions="quarkus-jackson"

控制台输出如下，提示添加成功

% mvn quarkus:add-extension -Dextensions="quarkus-jackson"
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] 
[INFO] ------------------< com.bolingcavalry:hello-quarkus >-------------------
[INFO] Building hello-quarkus 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- quarkus-maven-plugin:2.7.3.Final:add-extension (default-cli) @ hello-quarkus ---
[INFO] [SUCCESS] ✅  Extension io.quarkus:quarkus-jackson has been installed
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  3.756 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2022-03-05T15:36:40+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

再去看pom.xml，如下图红框，文件已被改动，新增依赖quarkus-jackson

还可以同时添加多个，命令是add-extensions，注意多了个s，多个组件之间用逗号分隔

mvn quarkus:add-extensions -Dextensions="quarkus-jdbc-mysql,quarkus-config-yaml"

为了方便用户，add-extensions除了精确匹配，还会模糊查找，输入下面的命令试试

quarkus:add-extensions -Dextensions="agroal"

控制台输出如下，quarkus-agroal会被找到并添加

% mvn quarkus:add-extensions -Dextensions="agroal"   
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] 
[INFO] ------------------< com.bolingcavalry:hello-quarkus >-------------------
[INFO] Building hello-quarkus 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- quarkus-maven-plugin:2.7.3.Final:add-extensions (default-cli) @ hello-quarkus ---
[INFO] [SUCCESS] ✅  Extension io.quarkus:quarkus-agroal has been installed
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  0.832 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2022-03-05T16:16:53+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

当匹配结果有多个的时候，quarkus插件会提示失败，以jdbc为例，如下所示，有多个匹配结果，因此quarkus插件不知道该选哪个，就报错了：

% mvn quarkus:add-extension -Dextensions="jdbc"   
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] 
[INFO] ------------------< com.bolingcavalry:hello-quarkus >-------------------
[INFO] Building hello-quarkus 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- quarkus-maven-plugin:2.7.3.Final:add-extension (default-cli) @ hello-quarkus ---
[INFO] [ERROR] ❗  Multiple extensions matching 'jdbc'
     - io.quarkus:quarkus-agroal
     - io.quarkus:quarkus-elytron-security-jdbc
     - io.quarkus:quarkus-jdbc-db2
     - io.quarkus:quarkus-jdbc-derby
     - io.quarkus:quarkus-jdbc-h2
     - io.quarkus:quarkus-jdbc-mariadb
     - io.quarkus:quarkus-jdbc-mssql
     - io.quarkus:quarkus-jdbc-mysql
     - io.quarkus:quarkus-jdbc-oracle
     - io.quarkus:quarkus-jdbc-postgresql
     - org.kie.kogito:kogito-addons-quarkus-persistence-jdbc
     - org.apache.camel.quarkus:camel-quarkus-jdbc
     Be more specific e.g using the exact name or the full GAV.
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD FAILURE
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  3.500 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2022-03-05T16:18:34+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

再用info命令查看当前工程，可以看到刚才添加的组件

[INFO] Quarkus platform BOMs:
[INFO]   io.quarkus.platform:quarkus-bom:pom:2.7.3.Final
[INFO] 
[INFO] Extensions from io.quarkus.platform:quarkus-bom:
[INFO]   io.quarkus:quarkus-jackson
[INFO]   io.quarkus:quarkus-config-yaml
[INFO]   io.quarkus:quarkus-arc
[INFO]   io.quarkus:quarkus-jdbc-mysql
[INFO]   io.quarkus:quarkus-resteasy
[INFO]   io.quarkus:quarkus-agroal
[INFO] 
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

扩展组件：删除（remove-extension、remove-extensions）

如果要删除已添加的quarkus组件，例如quarkus-jackson，执行以下命令即可

mvn quarkus:remove-extension -Dextensions="quarkus-jackson"

控制台输入如下，提示删除成功，再去看pom.xml发现quarkus-jackson的依赖也已经被删除了

% mvn quarkus:remove-extension -Dextensions="quarkus-jackson"    
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] 
[INFO] ------------------< com.bolingcavalry:hello-quarkus >-------------------
[INFO] Building hello-quarkus 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- quarkus-maven-plugin:2.7.3.Final:remove-extension (default-cli) @ hello-quarkus ---
[INFO] [SUCCESS] ✅  Extension io.quarkus:quarkus-jackson has been uninstalled
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

也有批量删除功能，命令是remove-extensions，注意多了个s，多个组件之间用逗号分隔

mvn quarkus:remove-extensions -Dextensions="quarkus-config-yaml,quarkus-jdbc-mysql"

控制台输出

% mvn quarkus:remove-extensions -Dextensions="quarkus-config-yaml,quarkus-jdbc-mysql"
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] 
[INFO] ------------------< com.bolingcavalry:hello-quarkus >-------------------
[INFO] Building hello-quarkus 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- quarkus-maven-plugin:2.7.3.Final:remove-extensions (default-cli) @ hello-quarkus ---
[INFO] [SUCCESS] ✅  Extension io.quarkus:quarkus-config-yaml has been uninstalled
[INFO] [SUCCESS] ✅  Extension io.quarkus:quarkus-jdbc-mysql has been uninstalled
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

再用info命令查看当前工程，被删除的组件已不在列表

% mvn quarkus:info
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] 
[INFO] ------------------< com.bolingcavalry:hello-quarkus >-------------------
[INFO] Building hello-quarkus 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- quarkus-maven-plugin:2.7.3.Final:info (default-cli) @ hello-quarkus ---
[WARNING] quarkus:info goal is experimental, its options and output may change in future versions
[INFO] Looking for the newly published extensions in registry.quarkus.io
[INFO] Quarkus platform BOMs:
[INFO]   io.quarkus.platform:quarkus-bom:pom:2.7.3.Final
[INFO] 
[INFO] Extensions from io.quarkus.platform:quarkus-bom:
[INFO]   io.quarkus:quarkus-arc
[INFO]   io.quarkus:quarkus-resteasy
[INFO]   io.quarkus:quarkus-agroal
[INFO] 
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

查看依赖树（dependency-tree）

我们常用mvn dependency:tree命令查看maven工程的依赖树，此命令是根据pom.xml的依赖信息分析出所有直接和间接依赖关系，然而，在quarkus应用中存在一些特殊情况：quarkus的maven插件参与了构建，它会根据当前的quarkus扩展组件（extensions）去添加对应的依赖，这是maven本身不知道的，因此，推荐使用mvn quarkus:dependency-tree命令查看quarkus应用的依赖关系：

(base) willdeMBP:hello-quarkus will$ mvn quarkus:dependency-tree
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] 
[INFO] ------------------< com.bolingcavalry:hello-quarkus >-------------------
[INFO] Building hello-quarkus 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- quarkus-maven-plugin:2.7.1.Final:dependency-tree (default-cli) @ hello-quarkus ---
[INFO] Quarkus application PROD mode build dependency tree:
[INFO] com.bolingcavalry:hello-quarkus:pom:1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] ├─ io.quarkus:quarkus-arc-deployment:jar:2.7.1.Final (compile)
[INFO] │  ├─ io.quarkus:quarkus-core-deployment:jar:2.7.1.Final (compile)
[INFO] │  │  ├─ org.aesh:readline:jar:2.2 (compile)
[INFO] │  │  │  └─ org.fusesource.jansi:jansi:jar:1.18 (compile)
[INFO] │  │  ├─ org.aesh:aesh:jar:2.6 (compile)
[INFO] │  │  ├─ org.apache.commons:commons-lang3:jar:3.12.0 (compile)
[INFO] │  │  ├─ org.wildfly.common:wildfly-common:jar:1.5.4.Final-format-001 (compile)
...

离线构建（go-offline）

先回顾一个maven命令mvn dependency:go-offline，其作用是预先下载所有依赖库到本地，这样构建的时候就算没有网络，也能成功构建
但是对于quarkus应用，因为quarkus扩展组件（extensions）不能被maven识别和处理，因此无法分析出这些quarkus扩展组件的依赖库，导致mvn dependency:go-offline命令无法下载这些依赖库
为了解决上述问题，建议使用mvn quarkus:go-offline命令，此命令会分析扩展组件的依赖项，然后下载缓存到本地