NEAR 智能合约开发
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1. 引言
NEAR系列博客有:
- NEAR协议简介
- NEAR共识机制
- NEAR light client
- Aurora与NEAR的关系
- NEAR的storage staking
- Rainbow Bridge:trustless bridge between NEAR and Ethereum
- NEAR Rainbow Bridge代码解析
NEAR官方推荐使用Rust语言来编写智能合约,然后编译为WebAssembly并部署在NEAR链上。
near.dev中有各种合约示例。
Rust工具中需增加wasm支持:
rustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown
NEAR合约基本架构为:
.
├── Cargo.toml
└── src
└── lib.rs
在Cargo.toml
中引入相应的依赖:
[
dependencies
]
near-sdk = "3.1.0"
[
profile.release
]
codegen-units = 1
# Tell `rustc` to optimize for small code size.
opt-level = "z"
lto = true
debug = false
panic = "abort"
# Opt into extra safety checks on arithmetic operations https://stackoverflow.com/a/64136471/249801
overflow-checks = true
实际合约文件中会引用相关依赖:
use near_sdk::borsh::self, BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize;
use near_sdk::env, near_bindgen;
主要的合约逻辑体现在lib.rs
文件中,定义struct并实现相应的function:
#[near_bindgen]
#[derive(Default, BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize)]
pub struct Counter
val: i8, // i8 is signed. unsigned integers are also available: u8, u16, u32, u64, u128
#[near_bindgen]
impl Counter
…
其中
#[near_bindgen]
#[derive(Default, BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize)]
表示该struct为合约对外主体。
可为合约编写相应的测试用例,测试没问题后,可编译合约:
cargo build --target wasm32-unknown-unknown --release
编译的.wasm
文件可部署到NEAR链上。可借助near-cli工具进行部署。
near deploy --wasmFile target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release/rust_counter_tutorial.wasm --accountId YOUR_ACCOUNT_HERE
合约调用方法可为:
near call YOUR_ACCOUNT_HERE decrement --accountId YOUR_ACCOUNT_HERE
相应结果为:
Scheduling a call: YOUR_ACCOUNT.testnet.decrement()
Receipt: 3HiRrL4fg9Q62VV9aVfAdRk8bQ5nYEYTni9482qjPJ71
Log [YOUR_ACCOUNT.testnet]: Decreased number to 0
Log [YOUR_ACCOUNT.testnet]: Make sure you don't overflow, my friend.
Transaction Id 7jVgp677evM7srG697bVWErErzieBWExLvkSiBfvZ8YC
合约查看可为:
near view YOUR_ACCOUNT_HERE get_num --accountId YOUR_ACCOUNT_HERE
相应结果为:
View call: YOUR_ACCOUNT.testnet.get_num()
1
参考资料
[1] NEAR docs Building a Smart Contract in Rust
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