如何在VMware ESX上实现网卡聚合
Posted
tags:
篇首语：本文由小常识网(cha138.com)小编为大家整理，主要介绍了如何在VMware ESX上实现网卡聚合相关的知识，希望对你有一定的参考价值。
网卡（NIC：Network Interface Card）聚合意思就是把若干个网卡规整到一个网卡上。如果配置合理的话，VMware ESX上面的网卡聚合可以同时为客体虚拟机提供入站和出站的负载均衡。负责均衡使得把多个可用网卡均分到更多的服务器上，因此即使在一个网卡、电缆或者交换机出现故障时，能允许客体虚拟机持续运行的情况下完成故障转移。
网卡聚合实例
配置VMware ESX Server虚拟网络有多种方法，多数管理员通常会采用如下的方式：
从中可以看到，两个管理网络都有两个物理适配器。虚拟机网络（内置客体虚拟机）也有两个物理适配器，如此做也可以带来一些容错上的优势：
1. 如果一个物理适配器出现故障的话，另外一个可以取而代之；
2. 如果连接一个物理适配器的光缆出现故障，可以使用另外一个适配器（光缆没问
题的那个）；
3. 假定两个网卡连接到不同的交换器，如果一个交换器出现故障，可以使用连接到
可用交换器上面的那个网卡；
尽管VMware ESX属性介绍中声称网卡聚合可以实现负责均衡，但是基本的网卡聚合仅仅能够提供出站负载均衡。然而如果希望通过网卡聚合实现入站的负载均衡，就还有一些额外的工作需要做，需要配置VLAN中继器和以太网交换器（连接在这些VMware ESX服务器的物理适配器）上的端口通道。SearchVMware.com的作者Scott Lowe has曾经写过一些文章介绍VLAN配置，这几篇文章我之前一直有推荐：
ESX服务器、网卡分组和VLAN链路聚合
2. VLAN和端口分组
VI3的VLAN配置：VST、EST和VGT标记
在VMware ESX Server里配置网卡聚合
对ESX服务器内的网卡进行分组另外还需要两个或者两个以上网卡。实际上在VMware ESX服务器内配置网卡聚合非常简单。首先在ESX服务器上至少需要两个物理适配器，如上图所示，很多管理员都会把管理网络和客体虚拟机网络隔离开来。因此例如我们在服务器中有三个适配器，其中一个置于隔离的虚拟机交换器内用于管理网络，另外两个物理适配器用于虚拟机网络。如果另外还有一个vSwitch0的话，最好用这个作为管理网络和VMnet0。
如果希望在管理网络（VMkernel和iSCSI）和虚拟机（客体机）网络上同时都配置网卡聚合的话，也就是说在我们这个场景中我们仅仅在虚拟机网络上配置了网卡聚合。首先需要创建一个新的vSwitch然后标识为“虚拟机网络”。该vSwitch很有可能就被命名为vSwitch1，在vSwitch上增加两个物理适配器。
最后需要通过修改每一台虚拟机并且把其连接到新的端口组上，以修改每一台虚拟机客体系统。
参考技术A 首先，搭建ESXI 建立起你的虚拟机，然后搭建个虚拟交换机，将你需要进行聚合的两个网口给划分进去，在虚拟机的配置里面给他分配进这个虚拟交换机里面 之后的话就跟你正常在物理机进行的操作一样了 windows用软件弄 linux用bond绑定VMware vSphere ESX 6.5 and vCenter 6.5 Configuration Maximums
The following listings are a comprehensive collection of configuration maximums from VMware products.
Virtual Machine Maximums
| ESX 6.5 | ESX 6.0 | ESX 5.5 | ESX 5.1 | ESX 5 | ESX 4.1 | ESX 4.0 | ESX 3.5 | ESX 3 | ESX 2 | ESX 1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Virtual CPUs per virtual machine | 128 | 128 | 64 | 64 | 32 | 8 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 |
| RAM per virtual machine | 6TB | 4TB | 1TB | 1TB | 1TB | 255GB | 255GB | 65GB | 16GB | 3,6GB | 2GB |
| Virtual SCSI adapters per virtual machine | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Virtual SCSI targets per virtual SCSI adapter | 15 | 15 | 15 | ||||||||
| Virtual SCSI targets per virtual machine | 60 | 60 | 60 | ||||||||
| Virtual NVMe adapters per virtual machine | 4 | ||||||||||
| Virtual NVMe targets per virtual SCSI adapter | 15 | ||||||||||
| Virtual NVMe targets per virtual machine | 60 | ||||||||||
| Virtual SATA adapters per virtual machine | 4 | 4 | 4 | ||||||||
| Virtual SATA devices per virtual SATA adapter | 30 | 30 | 30 | ||||||||
| Virtual disk size | 62TB | 62TB | 62TB | 2TB | 2TB | 2TB | 2TB | 2TB | 2TB | ||
| IDE controllers per virtual machine | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| IDE devices per virtual machine | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | |||
| Floppy controllers per virtual machine | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Floppy devices per virtual machine | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | |
| Virtual NICs per virtual machine | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| USB controllers per virtual machine | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| USB devices connected to a virtual machine | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | |||||
| Parallel ports per virtual machine | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | |
| USB 3.0 devices per virtual machine | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Concurrent remote console connections | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 10 | 10 | ||
| Video memory per virtual machine | 2 GB | 512MB | 512MB |
Host Maximums
| ESX 6.5 | ESX 6.0 | ESX 5.5 | ESX 5.1 | ESX 5 | ESX 4.1 | ESX 4.0 | ESX 3.5 | ESX 3 | ESX 2 | ESX 1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Logical CPUs per host | 576 | 480 | 320 | 160 | 160 | 160 | 64 | 32 | 32 | 16 | 8 |
| Virtual machines per host | 1024 | 1024 | 512 | 512 | 512 | 320 | 320 | 128 | 128 | 80 | 64 |
| Virtual CPUs per host | 4096 | 4096 | 4096 | 2048 | 2048 | 512 | 512 | 128 | 128 | 80 | 64 |
| Virtual CPUs per core | 32 | 32 | 32 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 20 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
| RAM per host | 12TB | 12TB | 4TB | 2TB | 2TB | 1TB | 1TB | 256GB | 256GB | 64GB | 64GB |
| LUNs per server | 512 | 256 | 256 | 256 | 256 | 256 | 256 |
vCenter Server Maximums
| vCenter Server Maximums | ESX 6.5 | ESX 6.0 | ESX 5.5 | ESX 5.1 | ESX 5 | ESX 4.1 | ESX 4.0 | ESX 3.5 | ESX 3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hosts per vCenter Server | 2000 | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 | 300 | 200 | 200 |
| Powered on virtual machines | 25000 | 10000 | 10000 | 10000 | 10000 | 10000 | 3000 | 2000 | |
| Registered virtual machines | 35000 | 15000 | 15000 | 15000 | 15000 | 15000 | 4500 | 2000 | |
| Linked vCenter Servers | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | ||
| Hosts in linked vCenter Servers | 4000 | 4000 | 3000 | 3000 | 3000 | 3000 | 1000 | ||
| Powered on virtual machines in linked vCenter | 30000 | 30000 | 30000 | 30000 | 30000 | 30000 | 10000 | ||
| Registered virtual machines in linked vCenter | 50000 | 50000 | 50000 | 50000 | 50000 | 50000 | 15000 | ||
| Concurrent Client connections | 60 | 180 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 30 | ||
| Number of host per datacenter | 2000 | 500 | 500 | 500 | 500 | 400 | 100 | ||
| MAC addresses per vCenter Server | 65536 | 65536 | 65536 | 65536 | 65536 | ||||
| USB devices connected at vSphere Client | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
Cluster and Resource Pool Maximums
| ESX 6.5 | ESX 6.0 | ESX 5.5 | ESX 5.1 | ESX 5 | ESX 4.1 | ESX 4.0 | ESX 3.5 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hosts per cluster | 64 | 64 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 |
| Virtual machines per cluster | 8000 | 4000 | 4000 | 4000 | 3000 | 3000 | 1280 | |
| Virtual machines per host | 1024 | 1024 | 512 | 512 | 512 | 320 | 100 | |
| Maximum concurrent host HA failover | 32 | 32 | 4 | 4 | ||||
| Failover as percentage of cluster | 100% | 100% | 50% | 50% | ||||
| Resource pools per cluster | 1600 | 1600 | 1600 | 1600 | 1600 | 512 | 512 | 128 |
| Resource pools per host | 1600 | 1600 | 1600 | 1600 | 1600 | 4096 | ||
| Children per resource pool | 1100 | 1100 | 1024 | 1024 | 1024 | 1024 | ||
| Resource pool tree depth | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 12 | 12 |
Network Maximums
| ESX 6.5 | ESX 6.0 | ESX 5.5 | ESX 5.1 | ESX 5 | ESX 4.1 | ESX 4.0 | ESX 3.5 | ESX 3 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total virtual network switch ports per host | 4096 | 4096 | 4096 | 4096 | 4096 | 4096 | 4096 | 127 | |
| Maximum active ports per host | 1016 | 1016 | 1016 | 1050 | 1016 | 1016 | 1016 | 1016 | |
| Virtual network switch creation ports | 4088 | 4088 | 4088 | 4088 | 4088 | 4088 | 4088 | ||
| Port groups | 512 | 512 | 512 | 256 | 256 | 512 | 512 | 512 | |
| Distributed virtual network switch ports per vCenter | 60000 | 60000 | 60000 | 60000 | 30000 | 20000 | 6000 | ||
| Static port groups per vCenter | 10000 | 10000 | 10000 | 10000 | 5000 | 5000 | 512 | ||
| Ephemeral port groups per vCenter | 1016 | 1016 | 1016 | 256 | 256 | 1016 | |||
| Hosts per distributed switch | 2000 | 1000 | 500 | 500 | 350 | 350 | 64 | ||
| Distributed switches per vCenter | 128 | 128 | 128 | 128 | 32 | 32 | 16 | ||
| VMDirectPath PCI/PCIe devices per host | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | ||
| VMDirectPath PCI/PCIe devices per virtual machine | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | |||
| Concurrent vMotion operations per host (1Gb/s network) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | ||
| Concurrent vMotion operations per host (10Gb/s network) | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
Storage Maximums
| ESX 6.5 | ESX 6.0 | ESX 5.5 | ESX 5.1 | ESX 5 | ESX 4.1 | ESX 4.0 | ESX 3.5 | ESX 3 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Software iSCSI NICs per server | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | |||
| Number of total paths on a server | 2048 | 1024 | 1024 | 1024 | 1024 | 1024 | |||
| Number of paths to a iSCSI LUN | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | |||
| Software iSCSI targets | 256 | 256 | 256 | 256 | 256 | 256 | 256 | ||
| NFS mounts per host | 256 | 256 | 256 | 256 | 256 | 64 | 64 | ||
| FC LUNs per host | 512 | 256 | 256 | 256 | 256 | 256 | 256 | 256 | 256 |
| FC LUN ID | 16383 | 1023 | 255 | 255 | 255 | 255 | 255 | 255 | 255 |
| FC Number of paths to a LUN | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 |
| Number of HBAs of any type | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | ||
| HBA ports | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | |
| Targets per HBA | 256 | 256 | 256 | 256 | 256 | 256 | 256 | 15 | |
| Software FCoE adapters | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | ||||
| Volumes per host | 512 | 256 | 256 | 256 | 256 | 256 | 256 | 256 | |
| Hosts per volume | 64 | 64 | 64 | 64 | 64 | 64 | 64 | 32 | |
| Powered on virtual machines per VMFS volume | 2048 | 2048 | 2048 | 2048 | 2048 | 256 | |||
| Concurrent vMotion operations per datastore | 128 | 128 | 128 | 128 | 128 | ||||
| Concurrent Storage vMotion operations per datastore | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | ||||
| Concurrent Storage vMotion operations per host | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | ||||
| Concurrent non vMotion provisioning operations per host | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | ||||
| VMFS Volume size | 64TB | 64TB | 64TB | 64TB | 64TB | 64TB | 64TB | 64TB | |
| Virtual disks per datastore cluster | 9000 | 9000 | 9000 | ||||||
| Datastores per datastore cluster | 64 | 64 | 64 | ||||||
| Datastore clusters per vCenter | 256 | 256 | 256 |
Fault Tolerance Maximums
| ESX 6.5 | ESX 6.0 | ESX 5.5 | ESX 5.1 | ESX 5.0 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Virtual disks | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | |
| Virtual CPUs per virtual machine | 4 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| RAM per FT VM | 64 GB | 64GB | 64GB | 64GB | 64GB |
| Virtual machines per host | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
Virtual SAN Maximums
| ESX 6.5 | ESX 6.0 | ESX 5.5 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Virtual SAN disk groups per host | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Magnetic disks per disk group | 7 | 7 | 7 |
| SSD disks per disk group | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Spinning disks in all diskgroups per host | 35 | 35 | 35 |
| Components per Virtual SAN host | 9000 | 9000 | 3000 |
| Number of Virtual SAN nodes in a cluster | 64 | 64 | 32 |
| Number of Virtual SAN nodes in a cluster (All-Flash) | 32 | ||
| Number of datastores per cluster | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Virtual machines per host | 200 | 200 | 100 |
| Virtual machines per cluster | 6000 | 6400 | 3200 |
| Virtual machine virtual disk size | 62TB | 62TB | 2032GB |
| Disk stripes per object | 12 | 12 | 12 |
| Percentage of flash read cache reservation | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Failure to tolerate | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Percentage of object space reservation | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Virtual SAN networks/physical network fabrics | 2 | 2 | 2 |
以上是关于如何在VMware ESX上实现网卡聚合的主要内容，如果未能解决你的问题，请参考以下文章