EF Core 6 新功能汇总

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在这篇文章中,你将看到 EF Core 6 中的十个新功能,包括新的特性标注,对时态表、稀疏列的支持,以及其他新功能。

1Unicode 特性

在 EF Core 6.0 中,新的 UnicodeAttribute 允许你将一个字符串属性映射到一个非 Unicode 列,而不需要直接指定数据库类型。当数据库系统只支持 Unicode 类型时,Unicode 特性会被忽略。

public class Book

    public int Id  get; set; 
    public string Title  get; set; 

    [Unicode(false)]
    [MaxLength(22)]
    public string Isbn  get; set; 

对应的迁移代码:

protected override void Up(MigrationBuilder migrationBuilder)

    migrationBuilder.CreateTable(
        name: "Books",
        columns: table => new
        
            Id = table.Column<int>(type: "int", nullable: false)
                        .Annotation("SqlServer:Identity", "1, 1"),
            Title = table.Column<string>(type: "nvarchar(max)", nullable: true),
            Isbn = table.Column<string>(type: "varchar(22)", unicode: false, maxLength: 22, nullable: true)
        ,
        constraints: table =>
        
            table.PrimaryKey("PK_Books", x => x.Id);
        );

2Precision 特性

在 EF Core 6.0 之前,你可以用 Fluent API 配置精度。现在,你也可以用数据标注和一个新的 PrecisionAttribute 来做这件事。

public class Product

    public int Id  get; set; 

    [Precision(precision: 10, scale: 2)]
    public decimal Price  get; set; 

对应的迁移代码:

protected override void Up(MigrationBuilder migrationBuilder)

    migrationBuilder.CreateTable(
        name: "Products",
        columns: table => new
        
            Id = table.Column<int>(type: "int", nullable: false)
                .Annotation("SqlServer:Identity", "1, 1"),
            Price = table.Column<decimal>(type: "decimal(10,2)", precision: 10, scale: 2, nullable: false)
        ,
        constraints: table =>
        
            table.PrimaryKey("PK_Products", x => x.Id);
        );

3EntityTypeConfiguration 特性

从 EF Core 6.0 开始,你可以在实体类型上放置一个新的 EntityTypeConfiguration 特性,这样 EF Core 就可以找到并使用适当的配置。在此之前,类的配置必须被实例化并从 OnModelCreating 方法中调用。

public class ProductConfiguration : IEntityTypeConfiguration<Product>

    public void Configure(EntityTypeBuilder<Product> builder)
    
        builder.Property(p => p.Name).HasMaxLength(250);
        builder.Property(p => p.Price).HasPrecision(10, 2);
    

[EntityTypeConfiguration(typeof(ProductConfiguration))]
public class Product

    public int Id  get; set; 
    public decimal Price  get; set; 
    public string Name  get; set; 

4Column 特性

当你在模型中使用继承时,你可能不满意创建的表中默认的 EF Core 列顺序。在 EF Core 6.0 中,你可以用 ColumnAttribute 指定列的顺序。

此外,你还可以使用新的 Fluent API--HasColumnOrder() 来实现。

public class EntityBase

    [Column(Order = 1)]
    public int Id  get; set; 
    [Column(Order = 99)]
    public DateTime UpdatedOn  get; set; 
    [Column(Order = 98)]
    public DateTime CreatedOn  get; set; 

public class Person : EntityBase

    [Column(Order = 2)]
    public string FirstName  get; set; 
    [Column(Order = 3)]
    public string LastName  get; set; 
    public ContactInfo ContactInfo  get; set; 

public class Employee : Person

    [Column(Order = 4)]
    public string Position  get; set; 
    [Column(Order = 5)]
    public string Department  get; set; 

[Owned]
public class ContactInfo

    [Column(Order = 10)]
    public string Email  get; set; 
    [Column(Order = 11)]
    public string Phone  get; set; 

对应的迁移代码:

protected override void Up(MigrationBuilder migrationBuilder)

    migrationBuilder.CreateTable(
        name: "Employees",
        columns: table => new
        
            Id = table.Column<int>(type: "int", nullable: false)
                .Annotation("SqlServer:Identity", "1, 1"),
            FirstName = table.Column<string>(type: "nvarchar(max)", nullable: true),
            LastName = table.Column<string>(type: "nvarchar(max)", nullable: true),
            Position = table.Column<string>(type: "nvarchar(max)", nullable: true),
            Department = table.Column<string>(type: "nvarchar(max)", nullable: true),
            ContactInfo_Email = table.Column<string>(type: "nvarchar(max)", nullable: true),
            ContactInfo_Phone = table.Column<string>(type: "nvarchar(max)", nullable: true),
            CreatedOn = table.Column<DateTime>(type: "datetime2", nullable: false),
            UpdatedOn = table.Column<DateTime>(type: "datetime2", nullable: false)
        ,
        constraints: table =>
        
            table.PrimaryKey("PK_Employees", x => x.Id);
        );

5时态表

EF Core 6.0 支持 SQL Server 的时态表。一个表可以被配置成一个具有 SQL Server 默认的时间戳和历史表的时态表。

public class ExampleContext : DbContext

    public DbSet<Person> People  get; set; 
    protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
    
        modelBuilder
            .Entity<Person>()
            .ToTable("People", b => b.IsTemporal());
    
    protected override void OnConfiguring(DbContextOptionsBuilder options)
            => options.UseSqlServer("Server=(localdb)\\\\mssqllocaldb;Database=TemporalTables;Trusted_Connection=True;");

public class Person

    public int Id  get; set; 
    public string Name  get; set; 

对应的迁移代码:

protected override void Up(MigrationBuilder migrationBuilder)

    migrationBuilder.CreateTable(
        name: "People",
        columns: table => new
        
            Id = table.Column<int>(type: "int", nullable: false)
                .Annotation("SqlServer:Identity", "1, 1"),
            Name = table.Column<string>(type: "nvarchar(max)", nullable: true),
            PeriodEnd = table.Column<DateTime>(type: "datetime2", nullable: false)
                .Annotation("SqlServer:IsTemporal", true)
                .Annotation("SqlServer:TemporalPeriodEndColumnName", "PeriodEnd")
                .Annotation("SqlServer:TemporalPeriodStartColumnName", "PeriodStart"),
            PeriodStart = table.Column<DateTime>(type: "datetime2", nullable: false)
                .Annotation("SqlServer:IsTemporal", true)
                .Annotation("SqlServer:TemporalPeriodEndColumnName", "PeriodEnd")
                .Annotation("SqlServer:TemporalPeriodStartColumnName", "PeriodStart")
        ,
        constraints: table =>
        
            table.PrimaryKey("PK_People", x => x.Id);
        )
        .Annotation("SqlServer:IsTemporal", true)
        .Annotation("SqlServer:TemporalHistoryTableName", "PersonHistory")
        .Annotation("SqlServer:TemporalHistoryTableSchema", null)
        .Annotation("SqlServer:TemporalPeriodEndColumnName", "PeriodEnd")
        .Annotation("SqlServer:TemporalPeriodStartColumnName", "PeriodStart");

你可以用以下方法查询和检索历史数据:

  • TemporalAsOf

  • TemporalAll

  • TemporalFromTo

  • TemporalBetween

  • TemporalContainedIn

使用时态表:

using ExampleContext context = new();
context.People.Add(new()  Name = "Oleg" );
context.People.Add(new()  Name = "Steve" );
context.People.Add(new()  Name = "John" );
await context.SaveChangesAsync();

var people = await context.People.ToListAsync();
foreach (var person in people)

    var personEntry = context.Entry(person);
    var validFrom = personEntry.Property<DateTime>("PeriodStart").CurrentValue;
    var validTo = personEntry.Property<DateTime>("PeriodEnd").CurrentValue;
    Console.WriteLine($"Person person.Name valid from validFrom to validTo");

// Output:
// Person Oleg valid from 06-Nov-21 17:50:39 PM to 31-Dec-99 23:59:59 PM
// Person Steve valid from 06-Nov-21 17:50:39 PM to 31-Dec-99 23:59:59 PM
// Person John valid from 06-Nov-21 17:50:39 PM to 31-Dec-99 23:59:59 PM

查询历史数据:

var oleg = await context.People.FirstAsync(x => x.Name == "Oleg");
context.People.Remove(oleg);
await context.SaveChangesAsync();
var history = context
    .People
    .TemporalAll()
    .Where(e => e.Name == "Oleg")
    .OrderBy(e => EF.Property<DateTime>(e, "PeriodStart"))
    .Select(
        p => new
        
            Person = p,
            PeriodStart = EF.Property<DateTime>(p, "PeriodStart"),
            PeriodEnd = EF.Property<DateTime>(p, "PeriodEnd")
        )
    .ToList();
foreach (var pointInTime in history)

    Console.WriteLine(
        $"Person pointInTime.Person.Name existed from pointInTime.PeriodStart to pointInTime.PeriodEnd");


// Output:
// Person Oleg existed from 06-Nov-21 17:50:39 PM to 06-Nov-21 18:11:29 PM

检索历史数据:

var removedOleg = await context
    .People
    .TemporalAsOf(history.First().PeriodStart)
    .SingleAsync(e => e.Name == "Oleg");

Console.WriteLine($"Id = removedOleg.Id; Name = removedOleg.Name");
// Output:
// Id = 1; Name = Oleg

了解更多关于时态表的信息:

https://devblogs.microsoft.com/dotnet/prime-your-flux-capacitor-sql-server-temporal-tables-in-ef-core-6-0/

6稀疏列

EF Core 6.0 支持 SQL Server 稀疏列。在使用 TPH(table per hierarchy)继承映射时,它可能很有用。

public class ExampleContext : DbContext

    public DbSet<Person> People  get; set; 
    public DbSet<Employee> Employees  get; set; 
    public DbSet<User> Users  get; set; 

    protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
    
        modelBuilder
            .Entity<User>()
            .Property(e => e.Login)
            .IsSparse();

        modelBuilder
            .Entity<Employee>()
            .Property(e => e.Position)
            .IsSparse();
    

    protected override void OnConfiguring(DbContextOptionsBuilder options)
            => options.UseSqlServer("Server=(localdb)\\\\mssqllocaldb;Database=SparseColumns;Trusted_Connection=True;");


public class Person

    public int Id  get; set; 
    public string Name  get; set; 

public class User : Person

    public string Login  get; set; 

public class Employee : Person

    public string Position  get; set; 

对应迁移代码:

protected override void Up(MigrationBuilder migrationBuilder)

    migrationBuilder.CreateTable(
        name: "People",
        columns: table => new
        
            Id = table.Column<int>(type: "int", nullable: false)
                .Annotation("SqlServer:Identity", "1, 1"),
            Name = table.Column<string>(type: "nvarchar(max)", nullable: false),
            Discriminator = table.Column<string>(type: "nvarchar(max)", nullable: false),
            Position = table.Column<string>(type: "nvarchar(max)", nullable: true)
                .Annotation("SqlServer:Sparse", true),
            Login = table.Column<string>(type: "nvarchar(max)", nullable: true)
                .Annotation("SqlServer:Sparse", true)
        ,
        constraints: table =>
        
            table.PrimaryKey("PK_People", x => x.Id);
        );

稀疏列有限制,具体请看文档:

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/tables/use-sparse-columns?view=sql-server-ver15

7EF Core 中的最小 API

EF Core 6.0 有它自己的最小 API。新的扩展方法可在同一行代码注册一个 DbContext 类型,并提供一个数据库 Provider 的配置。

const string AccountKey = "[CosmosKey]";

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
builder.Services.AddSqlServer<MyDbContext>(@"Server = (localdb)\\mssqllocaldb; Database = MyDatabase");

// OR
builder.Services.AddSqlite<MyDbContext>("Data Source=mydatabase.db");

// OR
builder.Services.AddCosmos<MyDbContext>($"AccountEndpoint=https://localhost:8081/;AccountKey=AccountKey", "MyDatabase");

var app = builder.Build();
app.Run();

class MyDbContext : DbContext
 

8迁移包

在 EF Core 6.0 中,有一个新的有利于 DevOps 的功能--迁移包。它允许创建一个包含迁移的小型可执行程序。你可以在 CD 中使用它。不需要复制源代码或安装 .NET SDK(只有运行时)。

CLI:

dotnet ef migrations bundle --project MigrationBundles

Package Manager Console:

Bundle-Migration

更多介绍:

https://devblogs.microsoft.com/dotnet/introducing-devops-friendly-ef-core-migration-bundles/

9预设模型配置

EF Core 6.0 引入了一个预设模型配置。它允许你为一个给定的类型指定一次映射配置。例如,在处理值对象时,它可能很有帮助。

public class ExampleContext : DbContext

    public DbSet<Person> People  get; set; 
    public DbSet<Product> Products  get; set; 

    protected override void ConfigureConventions(ModelConfigurationBuilder configurationBuilder)
    
        configurationBuilder
            .Properties<string>()
            .HaveMaxLength(500);

        configurationBuilder
            .Properties<DateTime>()
            .HaveConversion<long>();

        configurationBuilder
            .Properties<decimal>()
            .HavePrecision(12, 2);

        configurationBuilder
            .Properties<Address>()
            .HaveConversion<AddressConverter>();
    

public class Product

    public int Id  get; set; 
    public decimal Price  get; set; 

public class Person

    public int Id  get; set; 
    public string FirstName  get; set; 
    public string LastName  get; set; 
    public DateTime BirthDate  get; set; 
    public Address Address  get; set; 

public class Address

    public string Country  get; set; 
    public string Street  get; set; 
    public string ZipCode  get; set; 

public class AddressConverter : ValueConverter<Address, string>

    public AddressConverter()
        : base(
            v => JsonSerializer.Serialize(v, (JsonSerializerOptions)null),
            v => JsonSerializer.Deserialize<Address>(v, (JsonSerializerOptions)null))
    
    

10已编译模型

在 EF Core 6.0 中,你可以生成已编译的模型(compiled models)。当你有一个大的模型,而你的 EF Core 启动很慢时,这个功能是有意义的。你可以使用 CLI 或包管理器控制台来做。

public class ExampleContext : DbContext

    public DbSet<Person> People  get; set; 

    protected override void OnConfiguring(DbContextOptionsBuilder options)
    
        options.UseModel(CompiledModelsExample.ExampleContextModel.Instance)
        options.UseSqlServer("Server=(localdb)\\\\mssqllocaldb;Database=SparseColumns;Trusted_Connection=True;");
    

public class Person

    public int Id  get; set; 
    public string FirstName  get; set; 
    public string LastName  get; set; 

CLI:

dotnet ef dbcontext optimize -c ExampleContext -o CompliledModels -n CompiledModelsExample

Package Manager Console:

Optimize-DbContext -Context ExampleContext -OutputDir CompiledModels -Namespace CompiledModelsExample

更多关于已编译模型及其限制的介绍:

https://devblogs.microsoft.com/dotnet/announcing-entity-framework-core-6-0-preview-5-compiled-models/
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/ef/core/what-is-new/ef-core-6.0/whatsnew#limitations

11结尾

你可以在我的 GitHub 找到本文所有示例代码:

https://github.com/okyrylchuk/dotnet6_features/tree/main/EF%20Core%206#miscellaneous-enhancements

原文:bit.ly/3KAVnrG
作者:Oleg Kyrylchuk
翻译:精致码农

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