EF Core 6 新功能汇总
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在这篇文章中,你将看到 EF Core 6 中的十个新功能,包括新的特性标注,对时态表、稀疏列的支持,以及其他新功能。
1Unicode 特性
在 EF Core 6.0 中,新的 UnicodeAttribute
允许你将一个字符串属性映射到一个非 Unicode
列,而不需要直接指定数据库类型。当数据库系统只支持 Unicode
类型时,Unicode
特性会被忽略。
public class Book
public int Id get; set;
public string Title get; set;
[Unicode(false)]
[MaxLength(22)]
public string Isbn get; set;
对应的迁移代码:
protected override void Up(MigrationBuilder migrationBuilder)
migrationBuilder.CreateTable(
name: "Books",
columns: table => new
Id = table.Column<int>(type: "int", nullable: false)
.Annotation("SqlServer:Identity", "1, 1"),
Title = table.Column<string>(type: "nvarchar(max)", nullable: true),
Isbn = table.Column<string>(type: "varchar(22)", unicode: false, maxLength: 22, nullable: true)
,
constraints: table =>
table.PrimaryKey("PK_Books", x => x.Id);
);
2Precision 特性
在 EF Core 6.0 之前,你可以用 Fluent API 配置精度。现在,你也可以用数据标注和一个新的 PrecisionAttribute
来做这件事。
public class Product
public int Id get; set;
[Precision(precision: 10, scale: 2)]
public decimal Price get; set;
对应的迁移代码:
protected override void Up(MigrationBuilder migrationBuilder)
migrationBuilder.CreateTable(
name: "Products",
columns: table => new
Id = table.Column<int>(type: "int", nullable: false)
.Annotation("SqlServer:Identity", "1, 1"),
Price = table.Column<decimal>(type: "decimal(10,2)", precision: 10, scale: 2, nullable: false)
,
constraints: table =>
table.PrimaryKey("PK_Products", x => x.Id);
);
3EntityTypeConfiguration 特性
从 EF Core 6.0 开始,你可以在实体类型上放置一个新的 EntityTypeConfiguration
特性,这样 EF Core 就可以找到并使用适当的配置。在此之前,类的配置必须被实例化并从 OnModelCreating
方法中调用。
public class ProductConfiguration : IEntityTypeConfiguration<Product>
public void Configure(EntityTypeBuilder<Product> builder)
builder.Property(p => p.Name).HasMaxLength(250);
builder.Property(p => p.Price).HasPrecision(10, 2);
[EntityTypeConfiguration(typeof(ProductConfiguration))]
public class Product
public int Id get; set;
public decimal Price get; set;
public string Name get; set;
4Column 特性
当你在模型中使用继承时,你可能不满意创建的表中默认的 EF Core 列顺序。在 EF Core 6.0 中,你可以用 ColumnAttribute
指定列的顺序。
此外,你还可以使用新的 Fluent API--HasColumnOrder()
来实现。
public class EntityBase
[Column(Order = 1)]
public int Id get; set;
[Column(Order = 99)]
public DateTime UpdatedOn get; set;
[Column(Order = 98)]
public DateTime CreatedOn get; set;
public class Person : EntityBase
[Column(Order = 2)]
public string FirstName get; set;
[Column(Order = 3)]
public string LastName get; set;
public ContactInfo ContactInfo get; set;
public class Employee : Person
[Column(Order = 4)]
public string Position get; set;
[Column(Order = 5)]
public string Department get; set;
[Owned]
public class ContactInfo
[Column(Order = 10)]
public string Email get; set;
[Column(Order = 11)]
public string Phone get; set;
对应的迁移代码:
protected override void Up(MigrationBuilder migrationBuilder)
migrationBuilder.CreateTable(
name: "Employees",
columns: table => new
Id = table.Column<int>(type: "int", nullable: false)
.Annotation("SqlServer:Identity", "1, 1"),
FirstName = table.Column<string>(type: "nvarchar(max)", nullable: true),
LastName = table.Column<string>(type: "nvarchar(max)", nullable: true),
Position = table.Column<string>(type: "nvarchar(max)", nullable: true),
Department = table.Column<string>(type: "nvarchar(max)", nullable: true),
ContactInfo_Email = table.Column<string>(type: "nvarchar(max)", nullable: true),
ContactInfo_Phone = table.Column<string>(type: "nvarchar(max)", nullable: true),
CreatedOn = table.Column<DateTime>(type: "datetime2", nullable: false),
UpdatedOn = table.Column<DateTime>(type: "datetime2", nullable: false)
,
constraints: table =>
table.PrimaryKey("PK_Employees", x => x.Id);
);
5时态表
EF Core 6.0 支持 SQL Server 的时态表。一个表可以被配置成一个具有 SQL Server 默认的时间戳和历史表的时态表。
public class ExampleContext : DbContext
public DbSet<Person> People get; set;
protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
modelBuilder
.Entity<Person>()
.ToTable("People", b => b.IsTemporal());
protected override void OnConfiguring(DbContextOptionsBuilder options)
=> options.UseSqlServer("Server=(localdb)\\\\mssqllocaldb;Database=TemporalTables;Trusted_Connection=True;");
public class Person
public int Id get; set;
public string Name get; set;
对应的迁移代码:
protected override void Up(MigrationBuilder migrationBuilder)
migrationBuilder.CreateTable(
name: "People",
columns: table => new
Id = table.Column<int>(type: "int", nullable: false)
.Annotation("SqlServer:Identity", "1, 1"),
Name = table.Column<string>(type: "nvarchar(max)", nullable: true),
PeriodEnd = table.Column<DateTime>(type: "datetime2", nullable: false)
.Annotation("SqlServer:IsTemporal", true)
.Annotation("SqlServer:TemporalPeriodEndColumnName", "PeriodEnd")
.Annotation("SqlServer:TemporalPeriodStartColumnName", "PeriodStart"),
PeriodStart = table.Column<DateTime>(type: "datetime2", nullable: false)
.Annotation("SqlServer:IsTemporal", true)
.Annotation("SqlServer:TemporalPeriodEndColumnName", "PeriodEnd")
.Annotation("SqlServer:TemporalPeriodStartColumnName", "PeriodStart")
,
constraints: table =>
table.PrimaryKey("PK_People", x => x.Id);
)
.Annotation("SqlServer:IsTemporal", true)
.Annotation("SqlServer:TemporalHistoryTableName", "PersonHistory")
.Annotation("SqlServer:TemporalHistoryTableSchema", null)
.Annotation("SqlServer:TemporalPeriodEndColumnName", "PeriodEnd")
.Annotation("SqlServer:TemporalPeriodStartColumnName", "PeriodStart");
你可以用以下方法查询和检索历史数据:
TemporalAsOf
TemporalAll
TemporalFromTo
TemporalBetween
TemporalContainedIn
使用时态表:
using ExampleContext context = new();
context.People.Add(new() Name = "Oleg" );
context.People.Add(new() Name = "Steve" );
context.People.Add(new() Name = "John" );
await context.SaveChangesAsync();
var people = await context.People.ToListAsync();
foreach (var person in people)
var personEntry = context.Entry(person);
var validFrom = personEntry.Property<DateTime>("PeriodStart").CurrentValue;
var validTo = personEntry.Property<DateTime>("PeriodEnd").CurrentValue;
Console.WriteLine($"Person person.Name valid from validFrom to validTo");
// Output:
// Person Oleg valid from 06-Nov-21 17:50:39 PM to 31-Dec-99 23:59:59 PM
// Person Steve valid from 06-Nov-21 17:50:39 PM to 31-Dec-99 23:59:59 PM
// Person John valid from 06-Nov-21 17:50:39 PM to 31-Dec-99 23:59:59 PM
查询历史数据:
var oleg = await context.People.FirstAsync(x => x.Name == "Oleg");
context.People.Remove(oleg);
await context.SaveChangesAsync();
var history = context
.People
.TemporalAll()
.Where(e => e.Name == "Oleg")
.OrderBy(e => EF.Property<DateTime>(e, "PeriodStart"))
.Select(
p => new
Person = p,
PeriodStart = EF.Property<DateTime>(p, "PeriodStart"),
PeriodEnd = EF.Property<DateTime>(p, "PeriodEnd")
)
.ToList();
foreach (var pointInTime in history)
Console.WriteLine(
$"Person pointInTime.Person.Name existed from pointInTime.PeriodStart to pointInTime.PeriodEnd");
// Output:
// Person Oleg existed from 06-Nov-21 17:50:39 PM to 06-Nov-21 18:11:29 PM
检索历史数据:
var removedOleg = await context
.People
.TemporalAsOf(history.First().PeriodStart)
.SingleAsync(e => e.Name == "Oleg");
Console.WriteLine($"Id = removedOleg.Id; Name = removedOleg.Name");
// Output:
// Id = 1; Name = Oleg
了解更多关于时态表的信息:
https://devblogs.microsoft.com/dotnet/prime-your-flux-capacitor-sql-server-temporal-tables-in-ef-core-6-0/
6稀疏列
EF Core 6.0 支持 SQL Server 稀疏列。在使用 TPH(table per hierarchy)继承映射时,它可能很有用。
public class ExampleContext : DbContext
public DbSet<Person> People get; set;
public DbSet<Employee> Employees get; set;
public DbSet<User> Users get; set;
protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
modelBuilder
.Entity<User>()
.Property(e => e.Login)
.IsSparse();
modelBuilder
.Entity<Employee>()
.Property(e => e.Position)
.IsSparse();
protected override void OnConfiguring(DbContextOptionsBuilder options)
=> options.UseSqlServer("Server=(localdb)\\\\mssqllocaldb;Database=SparseColumns;Trusted_Connection=True;");
public class Person
public int Id get; set;
public string Name get; set;
public class User : Person
public string Login get; set;
public class Employee : Person
public string Position get; set;
对应迁移代码:
protected override void Up(MigrationBuilder migrationBuilder)
migrationBuilder.CreateTable(
name: "People",
columns: table => new
Id = table.Column<int>(type: "int", nullable: false)
.Annotation("SqlServer:Identity", "1, 1"),
Name = table.Column<string>(type: "nvarchar(max)", nullable: false),
Discriminator = table.Column<string>(type: "nvarchar(max)", nullable: false),
Position = table.Column<string>(type: "nvarchar(max)", nullable: true)
.Annotation("SqlServer:Sparse", true),
Login = table.Column<string>(type: "nvarchar(max)", nullable: true)
.Annotation("SqlServer:Sparse", true)
,
constraints: table =>
table.PrimaryKey("PK_People", x => x.Id);
);
稀疏列有限制,具体请看文档:
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/tables/use-sparse-columns?view=sql-server-ver15
7EF Core 中的最小 API
EF Core 6.0 有它自己的最小 API。新的扩展方法可在同一行代码注册一个 DbContext 类型,并提供一个数据库 Provider 的配置。
const string AccountKey = "[CosmosKey]";
var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
builder.Services.AddSqlServer<MyDbContext>(@"Server = (localdb)\\mssqllocaldb; Database = MyDatabase");
// OR
builder.Services.AddSqlite<MyDbContext>("Data Source=mydatabase.db");
// OR
builder.Services.AddCosmos<MyDbContext>($"AccountEndpoint=https://localhost:8081/;AccountKey=AccountKey", "MyDatabase");
var app = builder.Build();
app.Run();
class MyDbContext : DbContext
8迁移包
在 EF Core 6.0 中,有一个新的有利于 DevOps 的功能--迁移包。它允许创建一个包含迁移的小型可执行程序。你可以在 CD 中使用它。不需要复制源代码或安装 .NET SDK(只有运行时)。
CLI:
dotnet ef migrations bundle --project MigrationBundles
Package Manager Console:
Bundle-Migration
更多介绍:
https://devblogs.microsoft.com/dotnet/introducing-devops-friendly-ef-core-migration-bundles/
9预设模型配置
EF Core 6.0 引入了一个预设模型配置。它允许你为一个给定的类型指定一次映射配置。例如,在处理值对象时,它可能很有帮助。
public class ExampleContext : DbContext
public DbSet<Person> People get; set;
public DbSet<Product> Products get; set;
protected override void ConfigureConventions(ModelConfigurationBuilder configurationBuilder)
configurationBuilder
.Properties<string>()
.HaveMaxLength(500);
configurationBuilder
.Properties<DateTime>()
.HaveConversion<long>();
configurationBuilder
.Properties<decimal>()
.HavePrecision(12, 2);
configurationBuilder
.Properties<Address>()
.HaveConversion<AddressConverter>();
public class Product
public int Id get; set;
public decimal Price get; set;
public class Person
public int Id get; set;
public string FirstName get; set;
public string LastName get; set;
public DateTime BirthDate get; set;
public Address Address get; set;
public class Address
public string Country get; set;
public string Street get; set;
public string ZipCode get; set;
public class AddressConverter : ValueConverter<Address, string>
public AddressConverter()
: base(
v => JsonSerializer.Serialize(v, (JsonSerializerOptions)null),
v => JsonSerializer.Deserialize<Address>(v, (JsonSerializerOptions)null))
10已编译模型
在 EF Core 6.0 中,你可以生成已编译的模型(compiled models)。当你有一个大的模型,而你的 EF Core 启动很慢时,这个功能是有意义的。你可以使用 CLI 或包管理器控制台来做。
public class ExampleContext : DbContext
public DbSet<Person> People get; set;
protected override void OnConfiguring(DbContextOptionsBuilder options)
options.UseModel(CompiledModelsExample.ExampleContextModel.Instance)
options.UseSqlServer("Server=(localdb)\\\\mssqllocaldb;Database=SparseColumns;Trusted_Connection=True;");
public class Person
public int Id get; set;
public string FirstName get; set;
public string LastName get; set;
CLI:
dotnet ef dbcontext optimize -c ExampleContext -o CompliledModels -n CompiledModelsExample
Package Manager Console:
Optimize-DbContext -Context ExampleContext -OutputDir CompiledModels -Namespace CompiledModelsExample
更多关于已编译模型及其限制的介绍:
https://devblogs.microsoft.com/dotnet/announcing-entity-framework-core-6-0-preview-5-compiled-models/
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/ef/core/what-is-new/ef-core-6.0/whatsnew#limitations
11结尾
你可以在我的 GitHub 找到本文所有示例代码:
https://github.com/okyrylchuk/dotnet6_features/tree/main/EF%20Core%206#miscellaneous-enhancements
原文:bit.ly/3KAVnrG
作者:Oleg Kyrylchuk
翻译:精致码农
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