Mysql 5.7 JSON 与 物联网设备上数完美结合
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mysql 5.7.15 新特性一 (json)
更多更浓参考官网
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/json.html
一、测试过程
1.创建库表
create database veh_history; use veh_history; CREATE TABLE `t_equipment_traffic` ( `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT ‘自增主键‘, `cn` char(17) NOT NULL COMMENT ‘设备号‘, `st` datetime NOT NULL COMMENT ‘采集时间‘, `description` json, PRIMARY KEY (`id`,`st`), KEY `idx_cn_ct` (`cn`), KEY `idx_st` (`st`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT=‘历史数据‘ PARTITION BY RANGE (to_days(st)) (PARTITION p201601 VALUES LESS THAN (to_days(‘2016-12-01‘)), PARTITION p201612 VALUES LESS THAN (to_days(‘2017-01-01‘)), PARTITION p201701 VALUES LESS THAN (to_days(‘2017-02-01‘)), PARTITION p201702 VALUES LESS THAN (to_days(‘2017-03-01‘)) );
2.插入json类型测试数据
insert into `t_equipment_traffic` (cn,st,description) values (‘liaoa12345roiland‘,now(), ‘{"time":"2015-01-01 13:00:00","speed":"100","result":"fail"}‘); insert into `t_equipment_traffic` (cn,st,description) values (‘liaoa12345roiland‘,now(), ‘{"time":"2017-01-01 13:00:00","speed":"110","result":"fail"}‘); insert into `t_equipment_traffic` (cn,st,description) values (‘liaoa12345roiland‘,now(), ‘{"time":"2017-01-02 13:00:00","speed":"110","result":"sucessed"}‘);
3.json简单查询方法
select cn,description from t_equipment_traffic where cn=‘liaoa12345roiland‘; select * from t_equipment_traffic where description ->‘$.time‘ > ‘2016-12-31‘; select cn,json_extract(description,‘$.speed‘) AS ‘speed‘,json_extract(description,‘$.result‘) AS ‘result‘ from t_equipment_traffic;
4.创建虚拟列
ALTER TABLE t_equipment_traffic ADD description_speed int(10) GENERATED ALWAYS AS (description->‘$.speed‘) VIRTUAL;
5.创建索引
alter table t_equipment_traffic add index idx_speed (description_speed);
6.查看执行计划
explain partitions select * from t_equipment_traffic where description_speed=100;
二、小结
1.mysql 5.7 已开始支持json数据类型,存储引擎使用Innodb
2.对于物联网设备上数存储完全可以采用json,大数据量,经常会变更字段的场景十分适合。
3.uuid+json+innodb+partition 解决数据手动同步可能导致的主键冲突,经常字段变更,数据的定期删除,保留了MVCC特性。
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