java中Comparable和Comparator两种比较器的区别
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Comparable和Comparator接口都是为了对类进行比较,众所周知,诸如Integer,double等基本数据类型,java可以对他们进行比较,而对于类的比较,需要人工定义比较用到的字段比较逻辑。可以把Comparable理解为内部比较器,而Comparator是外部比较器,基本的写法如下:class Apple implements Comparable<Apple>
int id;
double price;
public Apple(int id, double price)
this.id = id;
this.price = price;
public int compareTo(Apple o)
//return Double.compare(this.getPrice(),o.getPrice());
if (Math.abs(this.price-o.price)<0.001)
return 0;
else
return (o.price-this.price)>0?1:-1;
@Override
public String toString()
return "Apple" +
"id=" + id +
", price=" + price +
'';
class AESComparator implements Comparator<Apple>
public int compare(Apple o1, Apple o2)
if (Math.abs(o1.price-o2.price)<0.001)
return 0;
else
return (o1.price-o2.price)>0?1:-1;
实现了Comparable接口的类需要实现compareTo()方法,传入一个外部参数进行比对,实现了Comparator接口的方法需要实现compare()方法,对外部传入的两个类进行比较,从而让外部方法在比较时调用。
两者的区别是实现Comparator接口代码更加灵活,可以定义某个类的多个比较器,从而在排序时根据实际场景自由调用,而Comparable接口实现后便不能改动。两种接口的调用方式如下:
class AESComparator implements Comparator<Apple>
public int compare(Apple o1, Apple o2)
if (Math.abs(o1.price-o2.price)<0.001)
return 0;
else
return (o1.price-o2.price)>0?1:-1;
class DESComparator implements Comparator<Apple>
public int compare(Apple o1, Apple o2)
if (Math.abs(o1.price-o2.price)<0.001)
return 0;
else
return (o1.price-o2.price)>0?-1:1;
public static void main(String[] args)
Apple apple1 = new Apple(1,4.8);
Apple apple2 = new Apple(2,5.9);
Apple apple3 = new Apple(3,8.5);
List<Apple> list = new ArrayList<Apple>();
list.add(apple1);
list.add(apple3);
list.add(apple2);
System.out.println("Comparable==========");
System.out.printf("this list of apples: %s\n",list);
Collections.sort(list);
System.out.printf("this list of apples: %s\n",list);
System.out.println("Comparator==========");
System.out.printf("this list of apples: %s\n",list);
Collections.sort(list,new DESComparator());
System.out.printf("this list of apples: %s\n",list);
Collections.sort(list,new AESComparator());
System.out.printf("this list of apples: %s\n",list);
上述代码存在的问题,不能在比较器中进行double类型的减法操作,因为对于值比较大的double,减法操作容易导致值的溢出,java7对每一种包装类型的比较新增了compare()方法,改造后的代码如下:
class Apple implements Comparable<Apple>
int id;
double price;
public Apple(int id, double price)
this.id = id;
this.price = price;
public int compareTo(Apple o)
return Double.compare(this.price,o.price);
@Override
public String toString()
return "Apple" +
"id=" + id +
", price=" + price +
'';
class AESComparator implements Comparator<Apple>
public int compare(Apple o1, Apple o2)
return Double.compare(o1.price,o2.price);
class DESComparator implements Comparator<Apple>
public int compare(Apple o1, Apple o2)
return Double.compare(o2.price,o1.price);
查看Double.compare的源码如下
public static int compare(double d1, double d2)
if (d1 < d2)
return -1; // Neither val is NaN, thisVal is smaller
if (d1 > d2)
return 1; // Neither val is NaN, thisVal is larger
// Cannot use doubleToRawLongBits because of possibility of NaNs.
long thisBits = Double.doubleToLongBits(d1);
long anotherBits = Double.doubleToLongBits(d2);
return (thisBits == anotherBits ? 0 : // Values are equal
(thisBits < anotherBits ? -1 : // (-0.0, 0.0) or (!NaN, NaN)
1)); // (0.0, -0.0) or (NaN, !NaN)
参考技术A Comparable & Comparator 都是用来实现集合中元素的比较、排序的,只是 Comparable 是在集合内部定义的方法实现的排序,Comparator 是在集合外部实现的排序,所以,如想实现排序,就需要在集合外定义 Comparator 接口的方法或在集合内实现 Comparable 接口的方法。
Java集合-案例
1、ArrayList集合中,contains重写:
2、Vector使用枚举遍历集合
3、List集合特有的迭代器
4、HashSet集合,存储自定义数据类型,要求重写hashCode()和equals()方法
5、TreeSet集合存储自定义数据类型,重写比较
comparable接口:comparaTo方法:
Comparator接口:
6、Collections工具类:
7、遍历Map集合:
1、
2、
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