定语从句限制性和非限制性具体是指啥?能否给小弟解释下

Posted 2023-04-26

严格来将，这两种从句没必要分得太清楚，只有初学的语法课才会讲，而高级一些的英文考试不但不会考他们的区别，而且English Speaking的人也不会注意这个。说白了，中国人自己难为自己才弄出这么个东西，下面简单介绍一下其中区别：

1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如：
This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）

2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。

3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。

说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。 参考技术A 在《The Elements of Style》中有说到这个问题：
限制性定语从句从原理上来讲，其实是指该从句必须存在才能指清楚它所修饰的先行词是指哪个事物；

非限制性定语从句是指该从句对于句子来说可有可无，大家都能具体知道该事物具体是哪个。
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标准文体里，比如说商业合同，非限制性定语从句只能有which 引导，而限制性定语从句除非是prep.+which其他的必须用that引导。但日常使用的文体里没这样的要求，在限制性定语从句里，which也是可以单独使用，而不用非得跟在介词后面使用的。

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语法书里常常不对这个原因进行具体的解释，其实也对，记住就好了。语法如果不是要参加语法考试也没必要弄那么清楚。

《the elements of style》原文的说法：
Non-restrictive relative clauses are set off by commas.

1、The audience, which had at first been indifferent, became more and more interested.

Similar clauses introduced by where and when are similarly punctuated.

1、In 1769, when Napoleon was born, Corsica had but recently been acquired by France.
2、Nether Stowey, where Coleridge wrote The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, is a few miles from Bridgewater.

In these sentences the clauses introduced by which, when, and where are non-restrictive; they do not limit the application of the words on which they depend, but add, parenthetically, statements supplementing those in the principal clauses. Each sentence is a combination of two statments which might have been made independently.

1、The audience was at first indifferent. Later it became more and more interested.
2、Napoleon was born in 1769. At that time Corsica had but recently been acquired by France.
3、Coleridge wrote The Rime of the Ancient Mariner at Nether Stowey. Nether Stowey is only a few miles from Bridgewater.

Restrictive relative clauses are not set off by commas.

1、The candidate who best meets these requirements will obtain the place.

In this sentence the relative clause restricts the application of the word candidate to a single person. Unlike those above, the sentence cannot be split into two independent statements. 参考技术B 简单来说就是由which 引导的定语从句，先行词可以是前面主句的一个单词，也可能是前面一整句话，而且书面上会用逗点隔开

English系列-[]如何区分名词性从句和定语从句]

如何区分名词性从句和定语从句

 

1.  名词性从句: 从字面意思来看 名词性从句是一定要替换掉名词的.

  

I love  you     后面接名词性从句  I love  what  you  have  我喜欢你的一切  宾语从句

　　

2.定语从句:  定语从句是用来修饰限定,所以定语从句 相当于形容词:  比如  红色的苹果   红色 表示限定

I love the book  that  you  have .  我喜欢你所有的这本书