1、列表推导：
举例：生成100以内奇数的list
‘‘‘如果i是数，for循环处理后得到的值i会循环传入number列表‘‘‘
names=[‘nyy‘,‘wxc‘,1234,[‘aaa‘],‘丹丹‘
number=[i for i in range(1,100) if i%2!=0]
print(number)
2、继承
class AxFarther(object):
def __init__(self,op):
self.op=op
print(‘父类:‘,op)
def makeMoney(self):
print("1000W")
# axf=AxFarther(‘抽烟，喝酒‘)#打印“抽烟，喝酒”
# #重写父类的构造方法
class Ax(AxFarther):
def __init__(self,op,code):
print(‘子类：‘,code)
self.code = code
def makeMoney(self):#重写父类的方法
print(‘子类方法：‘, "2000W")
ax=Ax(‘抽烟，喝酒‘,‘python‘)#打印“子类： python”
ax.makeMoney()#打印"子类方法： 2000W"
#修改父类构造方法，在父类构造方法基础上，添加新功能
class Ax(AxFarther):
def __init__(self,op,code):
AxFarther.__init__(self,op)#先把原来的调用一下,有父类的功能,如果想修改父类的构造方法，就先调用以下父类的构造方法，经典类必须这么写，新式类两种都行
# super(Ax,self).__init__(op)#作用同上，super里传的是本类，super会自动找到父类的构造方法
print(‘子类：‘,code)
self.code=code
def makeMoney(self):#重写父类的方法
print(‘子类方法：‘,"2000W")
ax=Ax(‘抽烟，喝酒‘,‘python‘)#打印父类: 抽烟，喝酒/n子类： python
ax.makeMoney()#打印"子类方法： 2000W"
3、多线程
#程序一运行，首先有个主线程
#循环创建10个子线程，让这十个子线程去运行axb这个函数
#主线程继续走，打印了‘game over‘
import threading,time#每个程序默认有一个主线程
def axb(name):
# time.sleep(1)
print(‘hahaha‘,name)
print(time.strftime(‘%Y%m%d%H%M%S‘,time.localtime()))#同时启动，时间一致
for i in range(1000):#循环启动十个线程，执行函数axb，子线程，threading启动的都是子线程
t = threading.Thread(target=axb, args=(i,)) # 实例化一个线程，启动一个线程
t.start()
print(‘game over‘)
#怎么获取到多线程执行的函数里面的返回值
import time, requests,threading
run_times=[]
objs=[]
def blog(url):
s_time=time.time()
r=requests.get(url).text
e_time=time.time()
run_time=e_time-s_time
run_times.append(run_time)
url=‘http://www.nnzhp.cn/archives/527‘
for i in range(100):#通过多线程指定运行的函数，不能获取到函数的返回值
t=threading.Thread(target=blog,args=(url,))
t.start()
objs.append(t)
for obj in objs:#等待所有子线程执行完
obj.join()
avg=sum(run_times)/len(run_times)
print("平均时间是：",avg)
4、多进程
from multiprocessing import Process
import time
def test(i):
time.sleep(1)
print(i)
if __name__==‘__main__‘:
for i in range(10):
p = Process(target=test, args=(i,))
p.start()
5、守护线程
#主线程执行完了，那么不管子线程有没有执行完，都一起结束
import time,threading
def test():
time.sleep(2)
print(‘hahaha‘)
for i in range(5):
t=threading.Thread(target=test)
t.setDaemon(True)#设置子线程为守护线程（此程序中主线程建立完子线程后就结束了，所以什么都打印不出来）
t.start()
6、锁
# from threading import Lock
a=0
# lock=Lock()#申请一把锁
def test():
global a
# lock.acquire()#加锁，python3可以不用手动加锁
a+=1
# lock.release()#解锁，python3可以不用手动解锁
import threading
#多线程在处理一个任务的时候，同时操作一个变量
for i in range(1000):
t = threading.Thread(target=test)
t.start()
print(a)
7、例子：保存多个html-多线程-爬虫
import requests,threading,time
def write_html(url,name):
r = requests.get(url)
with open(name,‘w‘,encoding=‘utf-8‘) as fw:
fw.write(r.text)
urls=[‘www.nnzhp.cn‘,‘besttest.cn‘,‘www.imdsx.cn‘,‘sb.nnzhp.cn‘,‘bbs.besttest.cn‘]
objs = []#存放每个线程
start_time = time.time()
for url in urls:
new_url = ‘http://‘+url
file_name = url+‘.html‘ #www.nnzhp.cn.html
t = threading.Thread(target=write_html,args=(new_url,file_name))
objs.append(t)
t.start()
# t.join()#主线程等待
#.join就是主线程在等待每个子线程执行完成。
#1、先启动10个线程，让他们在跑着
#2、主线程再等他们
# for obj in objs:
# print(‘每次的obj‘,obj)
# obj.join()
# write_html(new_url,file_name)
end_time = time.time()
print(‘程序总共运行了‘,end_time-start_time)
# cases
# a.xls b.xls c.xls
8、发邮件-带有附件
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
# from email.header import Header
def send_mail(sender,pwd,receiver,content,subject,mailhost=‘smtp.qq.com‘,port=465):
msg = MIMEMultipart()
file = ‘a.txt‘
att = MIMEText(open(file, encoding=‘utf8‘).read()) # 发送的附件对象
att["Content-Type"] = ‘application/octet-stream‘
att["Content-Disposition"] = ‘attachment;filename="%s"‘ % file
msg.attach(att) # 把附件添加到邮件里面
msg.attach(MIMEText(content)) # 邮件正文内容添加到msg邮件对象里面
msg[‘Subject‘]=subject
msg[‘From‘]=sender
msg[‘To‘]=receiver
smtp=smtplib.SMTP_SSL(mailhost,port)
smtp.login(sender,pwd)
smtp.sendmail(sender,receiver,msg.as_string())
smtp.quit()
print(‘email send success.‘)
sender = ‘XXX‘ # 发送者账号
pwd = ‘XXX‘ # 发送者密码
receiver = ‘XXX‘
subject = ‘测试邮件标题‘
content = ‘这里是邮件内容‘
send_mail(sender,pwd,receiver,content,subject)
9、发送普通邮件
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
def send_mail(sender,pwd,receiver,content,subject,mailhost=‘smtp.qq.com‘,port=465):
mail=MIMEText(content)
mail[‘Subject‘]=subject
mail[‘From‘]=sender
mail[‘To‘]=receiver
smtp=smtplib.SMTP_SSL(mailhost,port)
smtp.login(sender,pwd)
smtp.sendmail(sender,receiver,mail.as_string())
smtp.quit()
print(‘email send success.‘)
sender = ‘XXX‘ # 发送者账号
pwd = ‘XXX‘ # 发送者密码
receiver = ‘XXX‘
subject = ‘测试邮件标题‘
content = ‘这里是邮件内容‘
send_mail(sender,pwd,receiver,content,subject)