Vue.js之生命周期

Posted 2021-01-20 呜咽的时光喵

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有时候，我们需要在实例创建过程中进行一些初始化的工作，以帮助我们完成项目中更复杂更丰富的需求开发，针对这样的需求，Vue提供给我们一系列的钩子函数。

vue生命周期

beforeCreate

在实例初始化之后，数据观测 (data observer) 和 event/watcher 事件配置之前被调用。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <script src="../statics/vue.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

    <div id="app">
        {{ name }}
        <button @click="myClick">点击修改数据</button>
    </div>

    <script>

        new Vue({
            el: "#app",
            // 在template中使用组件与在body中使用组件是一样的
            // template: `<cont></cont>`,
            data: {
                name: "Alex"
            },
            methods: {
                init: function () {
                    console.log(this.name);
                },
                myClick: function () {
                    this.name = "Pizza";
                }
            },
            beforeCreate() {
                console.group("beforeCreate");
                console.log("el: ", this.$el);
                console.log("data: ", this.$data);
                console.log("name: ", this.name);
                console.log("init: ", this.init);
                console.log("innerHTML: ", document.getElementById("app").innerHTML);
            },
            });
    </script>

</body>
</html>

效果:

created

在实例创建完成后被立即调用。在这一步，实例已完成以下的配置：数据观测 (data observer)，属性和方法的运算，watch/event 事件回调。然而，挂载阶段还没开始，$el 属性目前不可见。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <script src="static/vue.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

    <div id="app">
        {{ name }}
        <button @click="myClick">点击修改数据</button>
    </div>

    <script>

        new Vue({
            el: "#app",
            // 在template中使用组件与在body中使用组件是一样的
            // template: `<cont></cont>`,
            data: {
                name: "Alex"
            },
            methods: {
                init: function () {
                    console.log(this.name);
                },
                myClick: function () {
                    this.name = "Pizza";
                }
            },
            beforeCreate() {
                console.group("beforeCreate");
                console.log("el: ", this.$el);
                console.log("data: ", this.$data);
                console.log("name: ", this.name);
                console.log("init: ", this.init);
                console.log("innerHTML: ", document.getElementById("app").innerHTML);
            },
            created() {
                console.group("Created");
                console.log("el: ", this.$el);
                console.log("data: ", this.$data);
                console.log("name: ", this.name);
                console.log("init: ", this.init);
                console.log("innerHTML: ", document.getElementById("app").innerHTML);
            }
        })
    </script>

</body>
</html>

beforeMount

在挂载开始之前被调用：相关的 render 函数首次被调用。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <script src="../statics/vue.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

    <div id="app">
        {{ name }}
        <button @click="myClick">点击修改数据</button>
    </div>

    <script>

        new Vue({
            el: "#app",
            // 在template中使用组件与在body中使用组件是一样的
            // template: `<cont></cont>`,
            data: {
                name: "Alex"
            },
            methods: {
                init: function () {
                    console.log(this.name);
                },
                myClick: function () {
                    this.name = "Pizza";
                }
            },
            beforeCreate() {
                console.group("beforeCreate");
                console.log("el: ", this.$el);
                console.log("data: ", this.$data);
                console.log("name: ", this.name);
                console.log("init: ", this.init);
                console.log("innerHTML: ", document.getElementById("app").innerHTML);
            },
            created() {
                console.group("Created");
                console.log("el: ", this.$el);
                console.log("data: ", this.$data);
                console.log("name: ", this.name);
                console.log("init: ", this.init);
                console.log("innerHTML: ", document.getElementById("app").innerHTML);
            },
            beforeMount() {
                console.group("beforeMount");
                console.log("el: ", this.$el);
                console.log("data: ", this.$data);
                console.log("name: ", this.name);
                console.log("init: ", this.init);
                console.log("innerHTML: ", document.getElementById("app").innerHTML);
            }
        })
    </script>

</body>
</html>

mounted

el 被新创建的 vm.$el 替换，并挂载到实例上去之后调用该钩子。如果 root 实例挂载了一个文档内元素，当 mounted 被调用时 vm.$el 也在文档内。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <script src="../statics/vue.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

    <div id="app">
        {{ name }}
        <button @click="myClick">点击修改数据</button>
    </div>

    <script>

        new Vue({
            el: "#app",
            // 在template中使用组件与在body中使用组件是一样的
            // template: `<cont></cont>`,
            data: {
                name: "Alex"
            },
            methods: {
                init: function () {
                    console.log(this.name);
                },
                myClick: function () {
                    this.name = "Pizza";
                }
            },
            beforeCreate() {
                console.group("beforeCreate");
                console.log("el: ", this.$el);
                console.log("data: ", this.$data);
                console.log("name: ", this.name);
                console.log("init: ", this.init);
                console.log("innerHTML: ", document.getElementById("app").innerHTML);
            },
            created() {
                console.group("Created");
                console.log("el: ", this.$el);
                console.log("data: ", this.$data);
                console.log("name: ", this.name);
                console.log("init: ", this.init);
                console.log("innerHTML: ", document.getElementById("app").innerHTML);
            },
            beforeMount() {
                console.group("beforeMount");
                console.log("el: ", this.$el);
                console.log("data: ", this.$data);
                console.log("name: ", this.name);
                console.log("init: ", this.init);
                console.log("innerHTML: ", document.getElementById("app").innerHTML);
            },
            mounted() {
                console.group("mounted");
                console.log("el: ", this.$el);
                console.log("data: ", this.$data);
                console.log("name: ", this.name);
                console.log("init: ", this.init);
                console.log("innerHTML: ", document.getElementById("app").innerHTML);
            },
        })
    </script>

</body>
</html>

beforeUpdate

数据更新时调用，发生在虚拟 DOM 打补丁之前。这里适合在更新之前访问现有的 DOM，比如手动移除已添加的事件监听器。

该钩子在服务器端渲染期间不被调用，因为只有初次渲染会在服务端进行.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <script src="../statics/vue.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

    <div id="app">
        {{ name }}
        <button @click="myClick">点击修改数据</button>
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